Deck 12: Eating Disorders

Question 1

What does personality refer to?

A) Complex pattern of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are stable across time and situations
B) All of the ways of acting, thinking, believing, and feeling that makes an individual unique
C) Complex pattern of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are unstable across time and situations
D) All the ways of acting, thinking, and behaving that are generalizable to the public

Answer 1

All of the ways of acting, thinking, believing, and feeling that makes an individual unique

Question 2

Which of the following personality disorders have symptoms that mimic schizophrenia symptoms, but to a lesser degree?

A) Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
B) Paranoid, schizotypal, and antisocial
C) Paranoid, schizoid, and avoidant
D) Paranoid, antisocial, and avoidant

Answer 2

Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Question 3

Which personality disorders have been argued to represent extreme versions of negative stereotypes of men's personalities?

A) Histrionic, avoidant, borderline, and dependent
B) Antisocial, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive
C) Borderline, antisocial, and paranoid
D) Antisocial, avoidant, and dependent

Answer 3

Antisocial, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive

Question 4

Which of the following is false concerning personality disorders?

A) To be diagnosed with a personality disorder, the symptoms must be present since adolescence or early adulthood
B) DSM-IV calls special attention to personality disorders by placing them on Axis II
C) The symptoms of personality disorders are similar to alters seen in dissociative identity disorder
D) People with personality disorders do not typically seek treatment for their personality disorders

Question 5

Which of the following terms refers to a complex pattern of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that is stable across time and across many situations?

A) A character trait
B) A personality trait
C) A behavioural trait
D) A cognitive trait

Question 6

Which of the following is not a dramatic-erratic-emotional personality disorder?

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Dependent personality disorder
D) Narcissistic personality disorder

Question 7

What characterizes Cluster A personality disorders?

A) Dramatic, erratic, and emotional behaviours
B) Dissociative and bizarre experiences
C) Odd or eccentric behaviours
D) Anxious and fearful emotions

Question 8

Which of the following is false concerning the controversy around the DSM's conceptualization of personality disorders?

A) Each disorder is described as if it represents something qualitatively different from a "normal" personality, but there is evidence that most of these disorders are merely extreme versions of "normal" personality traits
B) There is much overlap in diagnostic criteria of the personality disorders
C) Current studies indicate that the diagnostic criteria of personality disorders exacerbate the stigma attached to mental illness
D) Diagnosing a personality disorder often requires information that may be difficult for a therapist to obtain

Question 9

Which of the following is not a criticism of the DSM's conceptualization of personality disorders?

A) The DSM diagnostic criteria represent extreme versions of normal personality
B) The DSM diagnostic criteria appear to have a great deal of overlap in the diagnostic criteria
C) The DSM only uses quantifiable criteria whereas other criteria would be more useful
D) The DSM personality disorder criteria have low reliability and overlap with some Axis I disorders

Question 10

Which of the following is not an odd or eccentric personality disorder?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Schizoid personality disorder
D) Schizotypal personality disorder

Question 11

Which of the following is not an anxious-fearful personality disorder?

A) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B) Avoidant personality disorder
C) Dependent personality disorder
D) Schizoid personality disorder

Question 12

What characterizes Cluster C personality disorders?

A) Dissociative and bizarre experiences
B) Dramatic, erratic, and emotional behaviours
C) Odd or eccentric behaviours
D) Anxious and fearful emotions

Question 13

In order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, when must the symptoms be evident?

A) During early childhood or middle childhood
B) During middle childhood or adolescence
C) During adolescence or early adulthood
D) During early adulthood or middle adulthood

Question 14

Which of the following is true of personality disorders?

A) Personality disorders are a long-standing pattern of behaviour, thoughts, and feelings that are highly maladaptive for an individual
B) Personality disorders are mental illnesses that cause an individual to act out of the normal range of their behaviours
C) Personality disorders are mental illnesses that are perceived as an excuse for inappropriate behaviours
D) Personality disorders are not mental disorders but merely personal characteristics that explain a person's uniqueness

Question 15

Women are least likely to be diagnosed with which of the following personality disorders?

A) Histrionic personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Dependent personality disorder
D) Paranoid personality disorder

Question 16

Which of the following disorders is argued by researchers as contributing to gender bias in the DSM, because the criteria represent extreme versions of negative stereotypes of women's personalities?

A) Histrionic, avoidant, borderline, and dependent
B) Borderline, histrionic, and dependent
C) Borderline, antisocial, dependent, and antisocial
D) Antisocial, avoidant, and dependent

Question 17

Men are least likely to be diagnosed with which of the following personality disorders?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Histrionic personality disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 18

What characterizes Cluster B personality disorders?

A) Dramatic, erratic, and emotional behaviours
B) Odd or eccentric behaviours
C) Dissociative and bizarre experiences
D) Anxious and fearful emotions

Question 19

What does a personality trait refer to?

A) Complex patterns of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are stable across time and situations
B) All of the ways of acting, thinking, believing, and feeling that makes an individual unique
C) Complex pattern of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are unstable across time and situations
D) All the ways of acting, thinking, and behaving that are generalizable to the public]

Question 20

All of the ways of acting, thinking, believing and feeling that makes an individual unique are called

A) Personality
B) Individuation
C) Cognition
D) Disposition

Question 21

What distinguishes schizoid personality disorder from schizotypal personality disorder?

A) Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd and eccentric behaviours whereas schizoid personality is characterized by emotional coldness
B) Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by emotional coldness whereas schizoid personality is characterized by odd and eccentric behaviours
C) Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by oddities in cognition whereas schizoid personality disorder is characterized by anxious fearful behaviours
D) Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd and eccentric behaviour whereas schizoid personality disorder is characterized by anxious and fearful behaviours

Question 22

Schizoid is to ___________ as is paranoid is to _______________.

A) Distrustful; reclusive
B) Reclusive; distrustful
C) Dependent; aggressive
D) Aggressive; distrustful

Question 23

Teresa seems emotionally detached. Most people think that she is being a snob. Teresa likes activities in which she can be alone. She has very few friends outside of her first-degree relatives. What personality disorder would Teresa likely be diagnosed with?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Avoidant personality disorder
C) Schizoid personality disorder
D) Dependent personality disorder

Question 24

Which of the following disorders is not related to schizophrenia?

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Schizoid personality disorder
C) Schizotypal personality disorder
D) Paranoid personality disorder

Question 25

Paranoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder resemble each other in which of the following ways?

A) Paranoia and suspiciousness
B) Visual and magical thinking
C) Interpersonal warmth
D) Illusions and delusions

Question 26

Which of the following is false concerning schizoid personality disorder?

A) Schizoid personality disorder is quite rare affecting less than 2% of the adult population
B) People diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder would like to have relationships, but fear that others will reject them
C) Among people seeking treatment for schizoid personality disorder, males outnumber females about three to one
D) People diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder appear uninteresting and humorless

Question 27

Schizotypal is to _______________ as schizoid is to ______________.

A) Odd beliefs; aloofness
B) Suspiciousness; magical thinking
C) Aloofness; ideas of reference
D) Anxiety; depression

Question 28

Which of the following is true regarding the shared features of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder?

A) Both involve blunted or inappropriate affect
B) Both involve problems with interpersonal relationships
C) Both involve problems with oddities of thought
D) Both involve auditory and visual hallucinations

Question 29

Which personality disorder is characterized by the lack of desire to form interpersonal relationships and of being emotionally cold when interacting with others?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Schizoid personality disorder
D) Avoidant personality disorder

Question 30

A person with schizoid personality disorder would exhibit all of the following, except:

A) Solitary activities
B) Blunted affect
C) Aloofness
D) Paranoid ideations

Question 31

A therapist has a client, Bob, who is so suspicious and mistrusting that he finds it impossible to actively participate in his session. What personality disorder does Bob likely have?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Schizotypal personality disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 32

People diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder appear to be at increased risk for all of the following disorders, except:

A) Mood disorders
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Substance abuse disorders
D) Cognitive disorders

Question 33

Which of the following personality disorders is most closely related to schizophrenia?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Schizotypal personality disorder
C) Schizoid personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 34

Junior has been diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder. His therapist challenges his paranoid thinking and helps him reinterpret his paranoid belief systems. What type of therapist is Junior likely seeing?

A) Cognitive therapist
B) Behavioural therapist
C) Psychodynamic therapist
D) Humanistic therapist

Question 35

James has an unwarranted mistrust of other people. This lack of trust extends to his first-degree relatives, which causes his interpersonal relationships to suffer. What personality disorder does James likely have?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Schizotypal personality disorder
C) Schizoid personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 36

Roger believes he has a special ability. He believes he can read the thoughts of other people and transfer his own thoughts into their mind. There are times when he believes that certain random events and circumstances are directly related to him. On occasion, he becomes very suspicious of people around him. Which of the following personality disorders best describes Roger's behaviour?

A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Schizotypal personality disorder
C) Schizoid personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 37

Approximately what percentage of the general population has paranoid personality disorder?

A) 0.5 to 5.6 percent
B) 10.0 to 13.1 percent
C) 0.75 to 2.4 percent
D) 8.2 to 15.2 percent

Question 38

Psychosocial treatment of schizoid personality disorder includes all of the following except:

A) Increasing personal awareness of one's feelings
B) Increasing social skills
C) Group therapy
D) Medication

Question 39

Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by all of the following, except:

A) Ideas of reference
B) Odd beliefs
C) Delusions of reference
D) Magical thinking

Question 40

According to some family history studies, which of the following is true concerning paranoid personality disorder?

A) Paranoid PD is somewhat more common in the families of people with major depression than families of healthy control persons
B) Paranoid PD is somewhat more common in families of people with anxiety disorders than families of healthy control persons
C) Paranoid PD is somewhat more common in families of people with schizophrenia than families of healthy control persons
D) Paranoid PD is somewhat more common in families of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder than families of healthy controls persons

Question 41

According to Canadian researchers, people with which personality disorder are more likely to perform criminal acts such as rape, assault, and murder?

A) Schizotypal
B) Paranoid
C) Sadistic
D) Antisocial

Question 42

Which of the following is false concerning schizotypal personality disorder?

A) Therapists who treat patients with schizotypal personality disorder must establish a good relationship with the patient because of their paranoid tendencies
B) Therapists who treat patients with schizotypal personality disorder help the patient learn socially appropriate behaviours through social skills training
C) Group therapy can be useful in helping to increase the patient's social skills
D) Antidepressants help to relieve symptoms such as ideas of reference, magical thinking, and illusions

Question 43

Tony takes pleasure in running people off the bicycle path while on his bicycle. He says, "It doesn't matter if the people get hurt as long as they get out of my way." Tony shows no remorse when others get hurt by his actions. Which personality disorder might Tony be diagnosed with?

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Schizoid personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Narcissistic personality disorder

Question 44

Which of the following is a prominent characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A) Poor impulse control
B) Empathy
C) Creativity
D) Intelligence

Question 45

At age 23, Gerald committed suicide by walking into a police station and firing a pistol at everyone and then turning the gun on himself. There was no evidence that he was drunk. He never finished high school and during his lifetime the longest he held a job was one month. He consistently failed to follow through on his commitments because "he hated the people involved." If Gerald had sought treatment for his problem, what would his diagnosis likely have been?

A) Paranoid personality disorder
B) Narcissistic personality disorder
C) Sadistic personality disorder
D) Antisocial personality disorder

Question 46

Which of the following statements is false concerning antisocial personality disorder?

A) People with antisocial personality disorder tend to believe that they do not need treatment
B) People with antisocial personality disorder may only attend therapy because of marital discord, conflicts, or incarceration
C) Clinicians who treat people with antisocial personality disorder expect that treatment will be effective
D) Clinicians who treat people with antisocial personality disorder tend to focus on helping the person gain control over his/her anger and impulsive behaviours by recognizing the triggers

Question 47

Antisocial personality disorder tends to be co-morbid with which of the following disorders?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Substance use disorder

Question 48

Research indicates that a significant percentage of children who show antisocial tendencies also have which of the following disorders?

A) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
B) Substance abuse disorder
C) Oppositional defiant disorder
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 49

Which of the following is not a prominent symptom of borderline personality disorder?

A) Oddities in thinking
B) Self-mutilating behaviours
C) Attempted suicide or recurrent suicidal ideation
D) Negative affect

Question 50

Which of the following is false concerning the biological factors implicated in schizotypal personality disorder?

A) Schizotypal personality disorder is transmitted genetically and is much more common in the first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia
B) Schizotypal personality disorder is considered to be a mild form of schizophrenia that is transmitted through a similar genetic mechanism
C) People diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder tend to show dysregulation of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain
D) Traditional neuroleptics can be used to treat people with schizotypal disorder

Question 51

Approximately what percentage of people with antisocial personality disorder also abuse alcohol and illicit drugs?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 80%

Question 52

Bart has antisocial personality disorder. He will likely exhibit all of the following symptoms, except:

A) Blunted or flat affect
B) Poor impulse control
C) Deficits in executive functions
D) Difficulty inhibiting impulsive behaviours

Question 53

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to aggression and poor impulse control in people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Question 54

Which of the following is true concerning biological treatments for antisocial personality disorder?

A) Lithium and atypical antipsychotics have been successful in controlling impulsive and aggressive behaviours in people with antisocial personality disorder
B) Nonhuman research has indicated that norepinephrine helps to control impulsive and aggressive behaviours
C) Researchers do not believe that SSRIs will be effective in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder
D) Current literature indicates that the use of phenothiazines for the treatment for antisocial personality disorder has reduced problematic symptoms

Question 55

With respect to the research on the genetic basis of antisocial personality disorder, researchers have found that the concordance rate for criminal behaviour among monozygotic twins is ___________ and for DZ twins is ____________.

A) 0%; 0%
B) 20%; 50%
C) 50%; 20%
D) 50%; 50%

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true?

A) People diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder are chronically suspicious of others and often lose their grasp on reality
B) People diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder are emotionally cold but have little trouble forming interpersonal relationships
C) People diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder have a variety of odd beliefs but also maintain their grasp on reality
D) People diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder often seek treatment for the disorder

Question 57

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by all of the following, except:

A) Violation of basic social norms and values
B) Inability to form positive relationships
C) Deceitful behaviours such as lying or conning other people
D) Blunted or flat affect

Question 58

Which of the following statements is false concerning antisocial personality disorder?

A) People with antisocial personality disorder also show deficits in verbal skills and executive functioning
B) Much of the empirical research on the social and cognitive factors that contribute to antisocial behaviours has been conducted with adolescents and young adults
C) The integrated biological, social, and cognitive approach to antisocial personality disorder suggests that people are born with neural, endocrine, and psychophysiological dispositions or into sociocultural contexts that put them at risk for the disorder
D) Harsh discipline and lack of warmth from parents, and conflicts with aggressive peers, lead children to believe that the world is hostile and they must defend themselves rapidly and aggressively

Question 59

According to one large study in the US, which of the following groups is the most likely to be overdiagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder in the United States?

A) Hispanic Americans
B) European Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) African Americans

Question 60

Epidemiological studies have indicated that antisocial personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders. Approximately what percentage of the general population is diagnosed with the disorder at some point in their lives?

A) 1.2%
B) 3.7%
C) 6.1%
D) 9.7%

Question 61

Among people with borderline and antisocial personality disorders, low levels of serotonin have been linked to which of the following behaviours?

A) Paranoia
B) Shyness
C) Dissociation
D) Impulsivity

Question 62

Which of the following is not a technique used in dialectical behaviour therapy?

A) Psychodynamic techniques
B) Biological techniques
C) Cognitive techniques
D) Behavioural techniques

Question 63

Gypsy has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Which of the following would best describe Gypsy's mood?

A) Unstable
B) Rigid
C) Stable
D) Anxious

Question 64

Which of the following is most accurate concerning borderline personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder?

A) People with borderline personality disorder or histrionic personality disorder may desperately cling to others in self-doubt and need
B) A person with borderline personality disorder may desperately cling to others in self-doubt and need, whereas a person with histrionic personality disorder wants attention from others
C) People with borderline personality disorder or histrionic personality disorder want attention from others
D) A person with borderline personality disorder wants attention from others, whereas a person with histrionic personality disorder desperately clings to others in self-doubt and need

Question 65

When compared to other personality disorders, which group is most likely to use mental-health services?

A) People with borderline personality disorder
B) People with paranoid personality disorder
C) People with avoidant personality disorder
D) People with narcissistic personality disorder

Question 66

Which of the following is true concerning borderline personality disorder and the risk of suicide?

A) The risk of suicide is greatest immediately after being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder
B) The risk of suicide is greatest after living with borderline personality disorder for several years
C) The risk of suicide is greatest a year or two after being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder
D) The risk of suicide is greatest after hearing another person has committed suicide

Question 67

Which of the following reasons best explains why the term "borderline" has been used?

A) The presenting mood was on the borderline between internal hostility and external aggression
B) Clinician's considered it to be the middle of the road diagnosis between antisocial personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder
C) The presenting symptoms did not fit into existing diagnostic criteria for emotional disorders or psychotic disorders
D) People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder also met criteria for at least two other disorders

Question 68

Which of the following drugs have been useful in treating psychotic symptoms in patients with borderline personality disorder?

A) Phenothiazines
B) Neuroleptics
C) Effexor
D) Prozac

Question 69

Drug treatments for people with borderline personality disorder have focused on improving which of the following symptoms?

A) Psychotic symptoms
B) Anxiety and depression
C) Flat or blunted affect
D) Ideas of reference

Question 70

Which of the following antidepressants have had some effects on the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and may help to reduce aggressiveness and impulsivity?

A) MAOIs
B) SSRIs
C) Tricyclics
D) Lithium

Question 71

Cindy, a second year medical student, made at least 10 unsuccessful suicide attempts before entering therapy. Her attempts to hurt herself usually followed arguments with her husband. She also engaged in self-mutilating behaviours. Which of the following disorders would Cindy likely be diagnosed with?

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Avoidant personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Dependent personality disorder

Question 72

Therapists who practice dialectical behavioural therapy focus on all of the following, except:

A) Monitoring self disparaging thoughts
B) Correcting dichotomous thinking
C) Teaching assertiveness skills
D) Managing medications

Question 73

According to epidemiological studies, what percentage of the population develops borderline personality disorder at some point in their lives?

A) 1 to 2%
B) 3 to 5%
C) Less than 0.5%
D) 5 to 10%

Question 74

A psychodynamic therapist would use all of the following techniques for treating a patient with borderline personality disorder, except:

A) Challenging maladaptive interpretations of interpersonal events
B) Help the client understand splitting defenses
C) Interpret clients' transference relationships with the therapist
D) Help clients learn strategies to solve day-to-day problems

Question 75

Which of the following groups is most likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in the US?

A) African-Americans
B) European Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Haitian Americans

Question 76

All of the following disorders tend to be comorbid with borderline personality disorder, except:

A) Substance use disorders
B) Separation anxiety disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Depression

Question 77

Which of the following symptoms is shared by histrionic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder?

A) Hallucinations
B) Manic behaviour
C) Major depressive episodes
D) Unstable relationships

Question 78

Jennifer has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Her therapist noticed that she sees things in "all good" or "all bad". According to psychodynamic approaches, what is this process called?

A) Black or white thinking
B) Detaching
C) All or nothing thinking
D) Splitting

Question 79

According to object relations theory, the emotional liability seen in the relationships of persons with borderline personality disorder is due to which of the following?

A) Fear of rejection
B) Splitting
C) Confusion about reality
D) Inability to read interpersonal cues

Question 80

Controlled clinical trials have found dialectical behaviour therapy to be useful in reducing which symptom of borderline personality disorder?

A) Talkativeness
B) Hallucinations
C) Delusions
D) Self mutilating behaviours