Deck 8: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Candice faked her symptoms to gain medical attention. She exaggerated these symptoms to the point that exploratory surgery was conducted. What is Candice most likely suffering from?

A) Malingering
B) Factitious disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Somatization disorder

Answer 1

Factitious disorder

Question 2

People who chronically worry about being ill without any physiological reason, and have been checked by medical professionals, would likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

A) Somatization disorder
B) Hypochondriasis
C) Conversion disorder
D) Dissociative fugue

Answer 2

Hypochondriasis

Question 3

Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. What diagnosis would Mary most likely receive?

A) Malingering
B) Factitious disorder with a known cause
C) Factitious disorder by proxy
D) Somatization disorder by proxy

Answer 3

Factitious disorder by proxy

Question 4

Jaclyn has been complaining for several weeks that she has lost the feeling in her hands. Her physical exam revealed no nerve damage. However, Jaclyn insists that something is wrong because her hand feels as though she has on a tight glove. Which disorder would Jaclyn most likely be diagnosed with?

A) Body dysmorphic disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Somatization disorder

Question 5

Which of the following is true of people diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A) They develop disorganized personalities
B) They develop integrated personalities
C) They develop multiple separate personalities
D) They develop interrelated personalities

Question 6

A woman who believes she is pregnant, but a physical examination and laboratory tests are negative, would likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

A) Pseudocyesis
B) Misconception syndrome
C) Psuedoexpectancy
D) Miscarriage

Question 7

What is one of the difficulties in diagnosing somatoform disorders?

A) The person is probably faking the symptoms
B) The person has difficulty pinpointing the physical discomfort
C) The person may have a real physical problem
D) The person is looking for attention

Question 8

Which of the following is not a somatoform disorder?

A) Conversion disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 9

Which of the following was a former term for conversion disorder?

A) Hysteria of women
B) Conversion hysteria
C) Somatoform hysteria
D) Hysteria disorder

Question 10

Which of the following refers to the class of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms without an organic reason?

A) Dissociative disorders
B) Somatoform disorders
C) Psychotic disorders
D) Adjustment disorders

Question 11

Which of the following is a conversion symptom in which people lose feeling in their hands, and their hand feels as if they are wearing a glove?

A) Finger anesthesia
B) Glove numbness
C) Finger numbness
D) Glove anesthesia

Question 12

Conversion disorder is characterized by which of the following?

A) Sensory and motor deficits
B) Loss of memory
C) Pain in different areas of the body
D) Sexual pain

Question 13

Lorna found her dead husband in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After experiencing the incident, Lorna has been unable to see. What kind of symptoms is Lorna most likely experiencing?

A) Dissociative symptoms
B) Posttraumatic stress symptoms
C) Conversion symptoms
D) Malingering symptoms

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to an individual being unconcerned about his/her presenting symptoms?

A) Dissociative fugue
B) La belle indifference
C) Ataque de nervios
D) Taijin kyofu-sho

Question 15

Which of the following is not a dissociative disorder?

A) Dissociative fugue
B) Dissociative amnesia
C) Depersonalization
D) Acute stress disorder

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Psychosomatic disorders refer to psychological disorders exacerbated by medical problems
B) Somatoform disorders are psychological symptoms exacerbated by physical illnesses
C) Malingering refers to an individual's psychological problems exacerbated by other psychological disorders
D) Factitious disorders are the deliberate faking of symptoms to gain medical attention

Question 17

Jonathan pretended to have a stomachache to avoid taking his algebra test. What is Jonathan's faking behaviour referred to as?

A) Psychosomatic
B) Somatization
C) Malingering
D) Factitiousness

Question 18

Bethany has hypertension. Her friends call her a worrier. Her worrying impacts her hypertension. What is Bethany most likely experiencing?

A) Psychosomatic disorder
B) Somatoform disorder
C) Dissociative disorder
D) Acute stress disorder

Question 19

Anna O's (Bertha Pappenheim) most prominent complaints were associated with which disorder?

A) Factitious disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Somatization disorder
D) Hypochondriasis

Question 20

According to ancient Greeks, which of the following is true of conversion disorder?

A) It was experienced by men who were having sexual dysfunctions
B) It was experienced by adolescents who were consistently exhibiting emotional and behavioural disturbances
C) It was experienced by women whose wombs had dislodged and wandered
D) It was experienced by children with impulsive behaviours and attention problems

Question 21

According to the text, which medication led to significant improvements in somatization symptoms?

A) Tricyclics
B) MAOIs
C) SSRIs
D) Benzodiazepines

Question 22

Which group tends to report the greatest somatization symptoms?

A) Children
B) Adolescents
C) Women
D) Men

Question 23

Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered the somatization symptoms?

A) Psychodynamic therapy
B) Cognitive-behavioural therapy
C) Behavioural therapy
D) Existential therapy

Question 24

Herman has been diagnosed with somatization disorder. He often misinterprets his bodily symptoms, which results in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dizziness. He states regularly, "If the pain doesn't stop soon, then it will probably cause damage to other parts of my body." Herman is most likely catastrophizing his symptoms. This catastrophizing is linked to which theoretical perspective?

A) Cognitive theory
B) Behavioural theory
C) Psychodynamic theory
D) Existential theory

Question 25

Which of the following is not required to receive a diagnosis of somatization disorder?

A) Pain in four areas of the body
B) Two gastrointestinal symptoms
C) Three sexual pain symptoms
D) A neurological symptom

Question 26

Herman has been diagnosed with somatization disorder. He often misinterprets his bodily symptoms, which results in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dizziness. This maladaptive way of thinking is linked to which theoretical perspective?

A) Cognitive theory
B) Behavioural theory
C) Psychodynamic theory
D) Existential theory

Question 27

Which of the following problems are reported by 10 to 30 percent of children and adolescents?

A) Backaches and headaches
B) Headaches and stomach aches
C) Stomach-aches and knee joint pain
D) Knee joint pain and backaches

Question 28

Scott has a sharp pain in his hip. The pain has disrupted his functioning because he can no longer stand for extended periods of time. Because Scott has pain in only one area, what diagnosis will he most likely receive?

A) Somatization disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Body dysmorphic disorder
D) Pain disorder

Question 29

Which of the following is true of people diagnosed with pain disorder?

A) They must have complaints in multiple bodily areas
B) They complain of chronic anatomical pain
C) They must meet the same diagnostic criteria as somatization disorder
D) They present their complaints in vague, dramatic, or exaggerated ways

Question 30

Who conceptualized the behavioural theory that argues that people with conversion disorder behave in accordance with how someone with the real illness would act?

A) Watson and Horne
B) Bandura and Seligman
C) Ullman and Krasner
D) Ellis and Beck

Question 31

Gary has been diagnosed with conversion disorder. Which of the following is likely true of Gary?

A) He is amenable to receiving treatment
B) He has difficulty believing that something is wrong with him psychologically
C) He denies the existence of a traumatic experience
D) He cannot differentiate between reality and fantasy

Question 32

Which of the following groups is least likely to be diagnosed with somatization disorder?

A) European North Americans
B) Asians
C) Native Canadians
D) Africans

Question 33

Which of the following is a medical syndrome associated with debilitating fatigue accompanied by symptoms that mimic a viral infection?

A) Fatigue with unknown etiology
B) Chronic fatigue syndrome
C) Multiple etiology disorder
D) Fatigue disease

Question 34

Why are older adults more likely to express somatic complaints than are younger adults?

A) Older adults are more accepting of somatic symptoms than younger adults are
B) Older adults who experience depression or anxiety are unable to express these emotional symptoms because of cultural upbringing and show their distress in bodily terms
C) Older adults are better at hiding their emotions than younger adults are
D) Society encourages older adults to hide their emotions and thus they have no choice but to express their distress in terms of somatic symptoms

Question 35

People diagnosed with somatization disorder frequently have histories of all of the following disorders, except:

A) Substance abuse
B) Personality disorders
C) Anxiety disorders
D) Psychotic disorders

Question 36

Which of the following is true concerning the symptoms of conversion disorder and somatization disorder?

A) Symptoms of conversion disorder may not include a sensory or motor loss of functioning, and symptoms of somatization must include a loss of memory
B) Symptoms of conversion disorder must include a sensory or motor loss of functioning, and symptoms of somatization must include 4 pain areas
C) Symptoms of conversion disorder must include 4 pain areas, and symptoms of somatization may not include a sensory or motor loss of functioning
D) Symptoms of conversion disorder must include a sensory or motor loss of functioning, and symptoms of somatization must not include a sensory or motor loss of functioning

Question 37

According to Trevor Hurwitz, conversion symptoms are typically preceded by a psychiatric illness, and the individual uses the physical symptoms as a defense against increasing mental instability. Which of the following disorders typically precedes conversation symptoms?

A) Depression
B) Schizophrenia
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Hypochondriasis

Question 38

Which of the following is the most common medical problem found among people diagnosed with conversion disorder?

A) Head injury
B) Abdominal pain
C) Back injuries
D) Internal injuries

Question 39

Which of the following applies to the behavioural treatment of conversion disorder?

A) Behavioural treatments focus on the trauma by exposing the client to aversive stimuli associated with the stressor
B) Behaviour treatments focus on systematic desensitization and exposure therapies to address the anxiety associated with the trauma
C) Behavioural treatments use the thought-stopping techniques to reduce anxiety and to reduce intrusive thoughts
D) Behavioural treatments use guided imagery techniques to identify the trauma themes

Question 40

What does Ullman and Krasner's behavioural theory of conversion disorder propose?

A) A person manifests the symptoms to due to posttraumatic stress disorder
B) A person develops conversion disorder by modeling parental behaviours
C) A person develops conversion symptoms to gain attention or support, or to avoid an aversive situation
D) The symptoms are created due to a person's inability to cope with daily life stressors

Question 41

Sherry believes that she has a serious illness. She has had a headache for several days with no relief from traditional over-the-counter medicines. The concern over her condition is causing extreme anxiety. Her visit to the doctor revealed no organic reason for the headaches. Unsatisfied with the results, she goes to several other medical professionals for treatment. Which of the following disorders would Sherry likely meet criteria for?

A) Somatization disorder
B) Hypochondriasis
C) Conversion disorder
D) Acute stress disorder

Question 42

Which of the following would not be considered a dissociative experience?

A) Daydreaming
B) Nightmares
C) Being absorbed in a movie
D) Not knowing what is going on around you

Question 43

In what year was body dysmorphic disorder added to the DSM?

A) 1952
B) 1987
C) 1980
D) 2000

Question 44

Sue has been up for 48 hours with her sick child. The family was in a car accident and the child was seriously injured. Sue has had an episode in which she did not recognize her face in the mirror. What type of experience did Sue most likely have?

A) Existential experience
B) Dissociative experience
C) Conversion experience
D) Somatization experience

Question 45

Which of the following disorders would a client with hypochondriasis often meet diagnostic criteria for?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Acute stress disorder
C) Somatization disorder
D) Panic disorder

Question 46

At approximately what age does body dysmorphic disorder tend to begin?

A) 16 years
B) 26 years
C) 6 years
D) 38 years

Question 47

Daydreaming is considered a mild form of the following experience:

A) Somatization
B) Dissociation
C) Depersonalization
D) Existential

Question 48

In Hilgard's study on the "hidden observer" phenomenon, he argued that there are two modes of consciousness. Which of the following represent the two modes of consciousness?

A) Repressive mode; active mode
B) Active mode; receptive mode
C) Receptive mode; suppressive mode
D) Suppressive mode; repressive mode

Question 49

Dissociative experiences are especially common under which of the following conditions?

A) When a person is sleep-deprived and anxious
B) When a person is anxious and worried
C) When a person is worried and under stress
D) When a person is under stress and sleep-deprived

Question 50

Patty believes that her nose is too big and that others are noticing the disfigurement of her nose. Her anxiety has perpetuated to the point that she has refused to leave her house. Which disorder is Patty most likely to meet criteria for?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Body dysmorphic disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Acute stress disorder

Question 51

What is the goal of cognitive therapy in the treatment of somatization disorder?

A) Challenging the maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teach techniques for appropriate interpretations
B) Identifying reinforcers that contribute to the manifestation of symptoms
C) Providing insight into somatization symptoms and discuss early childhood experiences
D) Designing a behaviour modification plan with punishers to discourage maladaptive ways of thinking

Question 52

Who conceptualized the idea that dissociation is a process in which systems of ideas are split off from consciousness but are available through dreams and hypnosis?

A) Jean Piaget
B) Thomas Simon
C) Pierre Janet
D) Alfred Binet

Question 53

Women with BDD are often preoccupied with all of the following, except:

A) Breasts
B) Hips
C) Genitals
D) Weight

Question 54

Which of the following disorders may appear similar in their presentation?

A) Somatization disorder and pain disorder
B) Somatization disorder and conversion disorder
C) Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis
D) Somatization disorder and body dysmorphic disorder

Question 55

Men with BDD are often preoccupied with all of the following, except:

A) Excessive body hair
B) Small body build
C) Thinning hair
D) Weight gain

Question 56

People with hypochondriasis will likely do all of the following, except:

A) Make several trips to medical professionals to validate their concerns
B) Reject the idea that the symptoms are psychologically based
C) Misinterpret any change in their physical symptoms as a sign of concern
D) Seek psychological treatment to understand their emotional distress

Question 57

Based on the work of Canadian researchers looking into treatment interventions for hypochondriasis, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Medications are by far the best treatment approach for patients with hypochondriasis
B) Compared to medication and other types of psychological therapies, CBT produces better results in patients with hypochondriasis
C) Compared to medication and CBT, psychodynamic therapies produce better results in patients with hypochondriasis
D) Medication, CBT, and psychodynamic therapies are equally effective for patients with hypochondriasis

Question 58

Bobby believes that his small body frame is a deformation. He is convinced that women do not want men with a small build. He has recently begun to exercise excessively, consume protein drinks, and hired a personal trainer. Which disorder is Bobby most likely to meet criteria for?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Delusional disorder
C) Eating disorder not otherwise specified
D) Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 59

Which of the following therapies helps clients gain insight into the real concerns behind their obsessions with their body parts?

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Humanistic therapy
C) Existential therapy
D) Cognitive-behavioural therapy

Question 60

Some theorists argue that body dysmorphic disorder is another form of which of the following anxiety disorders?

A) OCD
B) PTSD
C) Panic disorder
D) GAD

Question 61

Which group is most likely to have dissociative experiences within and outside the United States?

A) Latinos
B) Europeans
C) Africans
D) Israelis

Question 62

Which of the following is true concerning dissociative identity disorder?

A) The host is always in control of the other alters
B) People diagnosed with DID have significant periods of amnesia for specific times and people in their lives
C) The alters in DID have no awareness of each other
D) Persecutor alters are often responsible for the switching from one personality to another

Question 63

Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous alter found in dissociative identity disorder?

A) Helper alter
B) Host alter
C) Persecutor alter
D) Child alter

Question 64

What were earlier cases of dissociative identity disorder often misdiagnosed as, given that patients reported hearing voices in their heads?

A) Bipolar disorder with psychotic features
B) Schizophrenia
C) Major depressive disorder with psychotic features
D) Brief psychotic disorder

Question 65

What was dissociative identity disorder originally called?

A) Multiple personality syndrome
B) Multiple alters disorder
C) Multiple personality disorder
D) Multiple alters syndrome

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true concerning the active mode and receptive mode?

A) They typically act as separate entities
B) They typically join the experiences together so easily that the integration is not noticeable
C) They typically work together to create pleasant memories
D) They typically hide the true meaning of a person's dissociative experiences

Question 67

A person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder may have several alters. What is an alter?

A) Another personality
B) A ceremonial pedestal
C) A means of creating pleasant experiences
D) An out-of-body experience

Question 68

Which of the following is true concerning dissociative identity disorder?

A) Females diagnosed with DID tend to be more aggressive than males diagnosed with DID
B) Males diagnosed with DID tend to be more aggressive than females diagnosed with DID
C) Females and males diagnosed with DID are equally aggressive
D) Neither males nor females diagnosed with DID show signs of aggression

Question 69

Lucas reported to his therapist that he hears several voices in his head. Each voice seems different from his and they seem to talk to each other. Lucas's symptoms seem representative of which disorder?

A) Child onset of schizophrenia
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Adjustment disorder with psychotic features

Question 70

Which of the following is true of alter personalities of clients with dissociative identity disorder?

A) They are the same gender and the same age
B) They are the same gender but different ages
C) They are different genders and different ages
D) They are different genders and the same ages

Question 71

Where is a person most likely to receive a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Great Britain
B) India
C) United States
D) Japan

Question 72

Which of the following alters found in dissociative identity disorder offers advice to the other personalities or performs behaviours the host is unable to handle?

A) Helper alter
B) Protector alter
C) Saintly alter
D) Child alter

Question 73

Which of the following dissociative disorders is characterized by a person developing one or more distinct personalities?

A) Dissociative identity disorder
B) Dissociative fugue
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Depersonalization disorder

Question 74

What does the "active mode" in Hilgard's study refer to?

A) The preconscious state of mind that creates pleasant memories
B) The conscious state of mind that registers and stores information in memory without being aware that the information is being stored
C) The conscious short term or working memory that can only hold information up to 20 seconds
D) The conscious state of mind that includes a person's conscious plans, desires, voluntary actions

Question 75

Christopher has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. One of his alters handles the abuse that is being inflicted on him, allowing Christopher to escape to safety. This alter is most likely which of the following?

A) Helper alter
B) Host alter
C) Persecutor alter
D) Child alter

Question 76

Christopher has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Arthur, his child alter, handles the abuse that is being inflicted on him, allowing Christopher to escape to safety. Sandy, another alter is very strong willed and wants to get rid of the other personalities by inflicting bodily harm. Sandy is most likely which of the following alters?

A) Helper alter
B) Dominating alter
C) Persecutor alter
D) Child alter

Question 77

Which of the following explains why dissociative identity disorder was rarely diagnosed prior to 1980?

A) The symptoms were rarely reported
B) There was no diagnostic category for DID in the DSM-II
C) The disorder lacked empirical evidence
D) The DSM did not exist

Question 78

Which of the following is false regarding children diagnosed with DID?

A) Children diagnosed with DID often experience alternating unstable emotions such as outbursts of anger and deep depression
B) Children diagnosed with DID always present with psychotic symptoms
C) The school performance of children diagnosed with DID becomes erratic
D) Children diagnosed with DID hear voices inside their heads

Question 79

Which of the following is the most common alter found in DID?

A) Helper
B) Host
C) Persecutor
D) Child

Question 80

Which of the following helps clinicians provide a differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder?

A) Voices heard in schizophrenia are often experience as arising from outside the person's head
B) Schizophrenia does not include alters with different personalities, characteristics, or physical appearances
C) Patients with DID do not experience flat affect or illogical associations
D) All of the above choices are important to the differential diagnosis