Deck 8: Nutrition for Childbearing

Question 1

A patient postdelivery is concerned about getting back to her prepregnancy weight as soon as possible. She had only gained 15 lb during her pregnancy. Which assessment factor would be of concern at her 6-week postpartum checkup?

A) Patient has lost 30 lb during the 6-week period prior to her scheduled checkup.
B) Patient states that she is eating healthy and limiting intake of processed foods.
C) Patient relates increased consumption of fruits and vegetables in her diet postbirth.
D) Patient has resumed her usual exercise pattern of walking around the neighborhood for 10 minutes each night.

Answer 1

Patient has lost 30 lb during the 6-week period prior to her scheduled checkup.

Question 2

In teaching a pregnant adolescent about nutrition, what should the nurse include in the care plan?

A) Determine the weight gain needed to meet adolescent growth and add 35 lb.
B) Suggest that she does not eat at fast food restaurants to avoid foods of poor nutritional value.
C) Realize that most adolescents are unwilling to make dietary changes during pregnancy.
D) Emphasize the need to eliminate common teen snack foods because they are too high in fat and sodium.

Answer 2

Determine the weight gain needed to meet adolescent growth and add 35 lb.

Question 3

When planning a healthy diet with a pregnant patient, what should the nurse's first action be?

A) Teach the patient about MyPlate.
B) Review the patient's current dietary intake.
C) Instruct the patient to limit the intake of fatty foods.
D) Caution the patient to avoid large doses of vitamins, especially those that are fat-soluble.

Answer 3

Review the patient's current dietary intake.

Question 4

To determine cultural influences on a patient's diet, what is the nurse's primary action?

A) Evaluate the patient's weight gain during pregnancy.
B) Assess the socioeconomic status of the patient.
C) Discuss the four food groups with the patient.
D) Identify the food preferences and methods of food preparation common to the patient's culture.

Question 5

When should iron supplementation during a normal pregnancy begin?

A) Before pregnancy
B) In the first trimester
C) In the third trimester
D) In the second trimester

Question 6

The traditional diet of Asian women includes little meat and few dairy products and may be low in calcium and iron. The nurse can assist a patient increase her intake of these foods by which action?

A) Suggest that she eat more tofu, bok choy, and broccoli.
B) Suggest that she eat more hot foods during pregnancy.
C) Emphasize the need for increased milk intake during pregnancy.
D) Tell her husband that she must increase her intake of fruits and vegetables for the baby's sake.

Question 7

A pregnant patient arrives for her first prenatal visit at the clinic. She informs the nurse that she has been taking an additional 400 mcg of folic acid prior to becoming pregnant. Based on the patient's history, she has reached 8 weeks' gestation. Which recommendation would the nurse provide regarding folic acid supplementation?

A) Have the patient continue to take 400 mcg folic acid throughout her pregnancy.
B) Tell the patient that she no longer has to take additional folic acid because it will be included in her prenatal vitamins.
C) Have the patient increase her folic acid intake to 1000 mcg throughout the rest of her pregnancy.
D) Schedule the patient to go for an AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) test.

Question 8

Which patient is most at risk for a low-birth-weight infant?

A) 22-year-old, 60 inches tall, normal prepregnant weight
B) 18-year-old, 64 inches tall, body mass index is <18.5
C) 30-year-old, 78 inches tall, prepregnant weight is 15 lb above the norm
D) 35-year-old, 75 inches tall, total weight gain in previous pregnancies was 33 lb

Question 9

A pregnant patient would like to know which foods, other than dairy products, contain the most calcium. Which food group would the nurse recommend?

A) Legumes
B) Lean meat
C) Whole grains
D) Yellow vegetables

Question 10

A pregnant patient's diet may not meet her need for folate. Which food choice is an excellent source of this nutrient?

A) Chicken
B) Cheese
C) Potatoes
D) Green leafy vegetables

Question 11

Which patient would require additional calories and nutrients?

A) A 36-year-old female gravida 2, para 1, in her first trimester of pregnancy
B) An 18-year-old female who delivered a 7-lb baby and is bottle feeding
C) A 23-year-old female who had a cesarean birth and is bottle feeding
D) A 20-year-old female who had a vaginal birth 5 months ago and is breastfeeding

Question 12

Which effect is a common response to both smoking and cocaine use in the pregnant patient?

A) Vasoconstriction
B) Increased appetite
C) Increased metabolism
D) Changes in insulin metabolism

Question 13

The nurse is conducting a prenatal nutrition education class for a group of nursing students. Which statement best describes the condition known as pica?

A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Intolerance to milk products
C) Ingestion of nonfood substances
D) Episodes of anorexia and vomiting

Question 14

Changes in the diet of the pregnant patient who has phenylketonuria would include

A) adding foods high in vitamin C.
B) eliminating drinks containing aspartame.
C) restricting protein intake to <20 g a day.
D) increasing caloric intake to at least 1800 cal/day.

Question 15

Which clinical finding is associated with inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy?

A) Prolonged labor
B) Preeclampsia
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Low-birth-weight infant

Question 16

In order to increase the absorption of iron by a pregnant patient, which beverage should an iron preparation be given with?

A) Tea
B) Milk
C) Coffee
D) Orange juice

Question 17

A pregnant patient asks the nurse if she can double her prenatal vitamin dose because she does not like to eat vegetables. What is the nurse's response regarding the danger of taking excessive vitamins?

A) Increases caloric intake
B) Has toxic effects on the fetus
C) Increases absorption of all vitamins
D) Promotes development of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

Question 18

The nurse is meeting with a patient with an elevated BMI regarding an optimal diet for pregnancy. Which major source of nutrients should be a significant component of this patient's diet?

A) Fats
B) Fiber
C) Simple sugars
D) Complex carbohydrates

Question 19

Which is the most important reason for evaluating the pattern of weight gain in pregnancy?

A) Prevents excessive adipose tissue deposits
B) Determines cultural influences on the woman's diet
C) Assesses the need to limit caloric intake in obese women
D) Identifies potential nutritional problems or complications of pregnancy

Question 20

A patient in her fifth month of pregnancy asks the nurse, "How many more calories should I be eating daily?" What is the correct response by the nurse?

A) 180 more calories a day
B) 340 more calories a day
C) 452 more calories a day
D) 500 more calories a day

Question 21

A pregnant woman of normal weight enters her 13th week of pregnancy. If the patient eats and exercises as directed, what will the nurse anticipate as the ongoing weight gain for the remaining trimesters?

A) 0.3 lb every week
B) 1 lb every week
C) 1.8 lb every week
D) 2 lb every week

Question 22

The nurse is advising a lactose-intolerant pregnant patient about calcium intake. Which calcium sources are approximately equivalent to 1 cup of milk? (Select all that apply.)

A) $3 / 4$ cup yogurt
B) 1 cup of sherbet
C) 1 $\frac{1}{4}$ oz of hard cheese
D) 1 $\frac{1}{4}$ cups of ice cream
E) $3 / 4$ cup of low-fat cottage cheese

Question 23

The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient about food safety during pregnancy and lactation. Which statements by the patient indicate she understood the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A) "I will limit my intake of shrimp to 12 oz a week."
B) "I will avoid the soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk."
C) "I plan to continue to pack my bologna sandwich for lunch."
D) "I am glad I can still go to the sushi bar during my pregnancy."
E) "I will not eat any swordfish or shark while I am pregnant or nursing."

Question 24

When explaining the recommended weight gain to your patient, the nurse's teaching should include which statement?

A) "All pregnant women need to gain a minimum of 25 to 35 lb."
B) "The fetus, amniotic fluid, and placenta require 15 lb of weight gain."
C) "Weight gain in pregnancy is based on the patient's prepregnant body mass index."
D) "More weight should be gained in the first and second trimesters and less in the third."

Question 25

For the pregnant patient who is a vegan, what combination of foods will the nurse advise to meet the nutritional needs for all essential amino acids?

A) Eggs and beans
B) Fruits and vegetables
C) Grains and legumes
D) Vitamin and mineral supplements

Question 26

The nurse is teaching a breastfeeding patient about substances to avoid while she is breastfeeding. Which substances should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

A) Caffeine
B) Alcohol
C) Omega-6 fatty acids
D) Appetite suppressants
E) Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids

Question 27

The nurse is teaching a patient taking prenatal vitamins how to avoid constipation. Which should the nurse plan to include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

A) Advise taking a daily laxative for constipation.
B) Recommend a diet high in fruits and vegetables.
C) Encourage an increase in fluid consumption during the day.
D) Increase the intake of whole grains and whole grain products.
E) Suggest increasing the intake of dairy products, especially cheeses.

Question 28

A patient with a BMI of 32 has a positive pregnancy test. What is the maximum number of pounds that the nurse will advise the patient gain during the pregnancy?

A) 20 lb
B) 25 lb
C) 28 lb
D) 40 lb

Question 29

Which guidance related to a healthy diet during pregnancy will the nurse provide to a patient in her 1st trimester?

A) "Every day you need to have at least 6 ounces of protein from sources such as meat, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, soybean products, and tofu."
B) "High-dose vitamin A supplements will promote optimal vision while preventing a common cause of blindness in neonates."
C) "Meals such as sushi with a cold deli salad made with raw sprouts combine high-fiber foods with protein sources to meet multiple nutritional needs."
D) "Vitamin and mineral supplements can meet your nutrient needs if you have inadequate intake because of nausea or a sensation of fullness."

Question 30

The nurse is reviewing a list of foods high in folic acid with a patient who is considering becoming pregnant. The nurse determines that the patient understands the teaching when the patient states she will include which list of foods in her diet?

A) Peaches, yogurt, and tofu
B) Strawberries, milk, and tuna
C) Asparagus, lemonade, and chicken breast
D) Spinach, orange juice, and fortified bran flakes

Question 31

Which patient has correctly increased her caloric intake from her recommended pregnancy intake to the amount necessary to sustain breastfeeding in the first 6 postpartum months?

A) From 1800 to 2200 calories per day
B) From 2000 to 2500 calories per day
C) From 2200 to 2530 calories per day
D) From 2500 to 2730 calories per day

Question 32

A pregnant patient has lactose intolerance. Which recommendation will the nurse provide to best help the patient meet dietary needs for calcium?

A) Add foods such as nuts, dried fruit, and broccoli to the diet.
B) Consume dairy products but take an over-the-counter anti-gas product.
C) Increase the intake of dark leafy vegetables, such as spinach and chard.
D) Use powdered milk instead of liquid forms of milk.

Question 33

A pregnant patient with significant iron-deficiency anemia is prescribed iron supplements. The patient explains to the nurse that she cannot take iron because it makes her nauseous. What is the best response by the nurse?

A) "Iron will be absorbed more readily if taken with orange juice."
B) "It is important to take this drug regardless of this side effect."
C) "Taking the drug with milk may decrease your symptoms."
D) "Try taking the iron at bedtime on an empty stomach."

Question 34

A patient at 8 weeks' gestation complains to the nurse, "I feel sick almost every morning. And I throw up at least two or three times a week." What is the nurse's best guidance for this patient?

A) "Do you like cheese?"
B) "Try eating four meals a day instead of three meals a day."
C) "Try eating peanut butter on whole wheat bread right before going to bed."
D) "If you can eat enough throughout the day, you don't have to worry about being sick."