Deck 11: Caffeine and Nicotine

Question 1

Nicotine:

A)involves spitting.
B)cannot be used in smoke-free areas.
C)has a tobacco odor.
D)are associated with oral cancer.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Heavy consumption of caffeine can cause:

A)anxiety.
B)tremors.
C)insomnia.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The majority of metabolism of caffeine occurs in:

A)plasma.
B)kidney.
C)liver.
D)bladder.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Caffeine,nicotine,and _____ are the most widely used psychoactive drugs in our society.

A)amphetamines
B)marijuana
C)alcohol
D)cocaine

Question 5

The withdrawal effects of caffeine include:

A)headache.
B)drowsiness.
C)dysphoria.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Blockade of adenosine receptors:

A)decreases dopamine release by decreasing GABA activity.
B)decreases dopamine release by increasing GABA activity.
C)increases dopamine release by decreasing GABA activity.
D)increases dopamine release by increasing GABA activity.

Question 7

The lethal dose of caffeine is equivalent to approximately:

A)10 to 20 cups.
B)30 to 50 cups.
C)100 cups.
D)There is no lethal dose.

Question 8

The antimigraine effect of caffeine appears to be due to:

A)increased cardiac output.
B)increased cardiac contractility.
C)dilatation of cerebral arteries.
D)decreased blood flow to the brain.

Question 9

The mechanism of action of caffeine appears to be:

A)stimulation of GABAA receptors.
B)blockade of GABAA receptors.
C)stimulation of adenosine receptors.
D)blockade of adenosine receptors.

Question 10

Adenosine is a:

A)depressant that increases the discharge rate of many central neurons.
B)depressant that decreases the discharge rate of many central neurons.
C)stimulant that increases the discharge rate of many central neurons.
D)stimulant that decreases the discharge rate of many central neurons.

Question 11

Other than the brain,the main effect of caffeine is on:

A)the heart.
B)the lungs.
C)the arteries.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

The half-life of caffeine is:

A)less than 30 minutes.
B)3 to 10 hours.
C)24 to 48 hours.
D)greater than two days.

Question 13

The reinforcing effect of caffeine appears to be due to:

A)increased release of dopamine in reward and motivation areas of the brain.
B)increased release of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex.
C)decreased release of dopamine in reward and motivation areas of the brain.
D)increased release of dopamine throughout the brain.

Question 14

The leading cause of death in the United States is:

A)caffeine.
B)nicotine.
C)alcohol.
D)cocaine.

Question 15

The main effect of caffeine on the heart is:

A)increased cardiac contractility.
B)increased cardiac output.
C)dilatation of coronary arteries.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Caffeine is metabolized in first-pass metabolism to:

A)inactive ingredients.
B)an active ingredient.
C)two active ingredients.
D)three active ingredients.

Question 17

The main effects of caffeine on heart and cerebral blood vessels are,respectively:

A)dilatation and constriction.
B)dilatation and dilatation.
C)constriction and dilatation.
D)constriction and constriction.

Question 18

Caffeinism is:

A)the study of caffeine.
B)the description of the effects of moderate doses of caffeine.
C)the study of people hypersensitive to caffeine.
D)a syndrome produced by overdose/overuse of caffeine.

Question 19

The mildly positive reinforcing effect of caffeine appears to be ultimately due to effects on the neurotransmitter:

A)acetylcholine.
B)dopamine.
C)norepinephrine.
D)GABA.

Question 20

Certain antidepressants such as fluvoxamine:

A)accelerate the metabolism of caffeine and increase caffeine tolerance.
B)accelerate the metabolism of caffeine and decrease caffeine tolerance.
C)inhibit the metabolism of caffeine and increase caffeine tolerance.
D)inhibit the metabolism of caffeine and decrease caffeine tolerance.

Question 21

The period of withdrawal from nicotine:

A)is typically less than 24 hours.
B)is typically 1 to 2 days.
C)is typically around one week in duration.
D)can persist for months.

Question 22

Nicotine appears to interact with:

A)the cannabinoid system.
B)the opioid system.
C)both the cannabinoid and opioid systems.
D)neither the cannabinoid nor opioid systems.

Question 23

Nicotine and cigarette use:

A)activate brain areas involved in vigilance and arousal.
B)are highly correlated with childhood ADHD.
C)are highly correlated with depression.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A)Nicotine accounts for the acute phamacological effects of smoking.
B)Nicotine is only one of 4,000 substances in tobacco.
C)Nicotine is the primary active ingredient in tobacco.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

The drug(s)that are effective as an aid to smoking cessation include:

A)nicotine.
B)buproprion.
C)Varenicline.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 26

The direct mechanism of action of nicotine is:

A)stimulation of dopamine receptors.
B)blockade of dopamine receptors.
C)stimulation of acetylcholine receptors.
D)blockade of acetylcholine receptors.

Question 27

The carcinogen in cigarettes is the primary cause of:

A)bladder cancer.
B)pancreatic cancer.
C)lung cancer.
D)lip cancer.

Question 28

The adverse cardiovascular,pulmonary,and carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoking are due to:

A)nicotine.
B)substances in tobacco other than nicotine.
C)the delivery device.
D)the device delivery and substances in tobacco other than nicotine.

Question 29

Nicotine:

A)stimulates vomiting centers in the brain.
B)stimulates sensory receptors in the stomach.
C)reduces muscle tone.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

In the heart,nicotine:

A)constricts coronary arteries.
B)dilates coronary arteries.
C)decreases cardiac contractility.
D)dilates coronary arteries while decreasing cardiac contractility.

Question 31

The elimination half-life of nicotine is about:

A)30 minutes.
B)2 hours.
C)12 to 24 hours.
D)greater than 24 hours.

Question 32

The first morning cigarette in nicotine-dependent smokers is best described as:

A)positively reinforcing.
B)punishing.
C)negatively reinforcing.
D)secondarily reinforcing.

Question 33

Some antidepressants can inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.

Question 34

The main effect of carbon monoxide on the heart is:

A)decreased oxygen supply.
B)increased atherosclerosis.
C)increased clotting.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

The effect of nicotine on the cardiovascular system and memory are,respectively:

A)vasoconstriction and memory impairment.
B)vasoconstriction and memory facilitation.
C)vasodilation and memory impairment.
D)vasodilation and memory facilitation.

Question 36

The reinforcing effects of nicotine are the result of:

A)direct activation of dopamine receptors.
B)direct blockade of dopamine receptors.
C)indirect activation of dopamine receptors.
D)indirect blockade of dopamine receptors.

Question 37

Nicotine is one of 4,000 compounds released by burning cigarette tobacco.

Question 38

Nicotine is readily absorbed by the:

A)lungs.
B)mucous membranes.
C)placenta.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

The pharmacological effects of tobacco are due to ________; the disease states are due to ________.

A)nicotine; nicotine
B)tar; nicotine
C)tar; tar
D)nicotine; tar

Question 40

The majority of nicotine is metabolized in the:

A)plasma.
B)liver.
C)kidneys.
D)blood.

Question 41

Nicotine is the only psychoactive substance in cigarettes.

Question 42

There are no barriers in the body to the distribution of nicotine.

Question 43

Nicotine exerts essentially all of its effects by activating specific receptors for acetylcholine.

Question 44

Nicotine can improve performance of a variety of cognitive tasks.

Question 45

Nicotine decreases dopamine levels in reward areas of the brain.

Question 46

Nicotine is a carcinogenic.

Question 47

The majority of the toxic effects of cigarettes are due to nicotine.

Question 48

Nicotine stimulates the vomiting center in the brain.

Question 49

Nicotine impairs cognitive tasks such as rapid information processing.

Question 50

The tar in tobacco is responsible for many of the psychoactive effects of cigarettes.

Question 51

Cigarette smoking is associated with an antidepressant action.

Question 52

Smoking of one cigarette reduces life expectancy by 14 minutes.

Question 53

Vaccine therapy for nicotine dependence appears to be clinically effective in essentially all subjects.