Deck 12: Cocaine,the Amphetamines,and Nonamphetamine Behavioral Stimulants

Question 1

The positive reinforcing effects of cocaine are most likely the result of action on the neurotransmitter:

A)norepinephrine.
B)dopamine.
C)serotonin.
D)acetylcholine.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Cocaine acts through all of the following neurotransmitters,EXCEPT:

A)norepinephrine.
B)serotonin.
C)dopamine.
D)acetylcholine.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

One obvious clinical sign of cocaine usage is:

A)pinpoint pupils.
B)dilated pupils.
C)hypotension.
D)both dilated pupils and hypotension.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Cocaine dependency is most highly correlated with:

A)marijuana use.
B)anxiolytic dependency.
C)cigarette smoking.
D)alcohol abuse.

Question 5

High doses of cocaine,especially over longer periods of time,induce symptoms remarkably similar to:

A)ADHD.
B)depression.
C)hebephrenia.
D)paranoid schizophrenia (toxic paranoid psychosis).

Question 6

When snorting,the effect of cocaine on blood vessels is responsible for the:

A)slow speed of onset only.
B)slow speed of onset and small percentage absorbed.
C)high-speed of onset only.
D)high-speed of onset and small percentage absorbed.

Question 7

As opposed to crack cocaine,a "line" of powder cocaine:

A)acts on different receptors in the brain.
B)acts at different sites in the brain.
C)has a more rapid speed of onset.
D)typically yields about 1/10th to 1/40th the dose.

Question 8

The effect of cocaine on the fetus is:

A)the result of direct effects.
B)the result of indirect effects (for example,secondary to vasoconstriction).
C)the result of direct and indirect effect.
D)cocaine does not readily affect the fetus.

Question 9

Cocaine's effects related to the cardiovascular system include all the following,EXCEPT:

A)tachycardia.
B)increased blood flow to muscles.
C)increased blood flow to all brain sites.
D)hypertension.

Question 10

The unique ester of benzoylecgonine is produced when enzymes in the:

A)liver metabolize cocaine.
B)liver metabolize ethyl alcohol.
C)plasma metabolize cocaine.
D)liver metabolize cocaine and ethyl alcohol.

Question 11

As opposed to powder cocaine,crack cocaine:

A)acts on different receptors in the brain.
B)acts at different sites in the brain.
C)has a lower ceiling effect.
D)has a more rapid speed of onset.

Question 12

Of the following brain sites,the one most clearly associated with a positive reinforcing action of drugs is the:

A)amygdala.
B)nucleus accumbens.
C)preorbital cortex.
D)insula.

Question 13

Cocaine poorly crosses the mucosal membrane mainly because the :

A)drug is water-soluble in its hydrochloride form.
B)molecules are too small to pass through mucosal membranes.
C)drug is a potent vasodilator.
D)drug is a potent vasoconstrictor.

Question 14

The combination of cocaine and ethanol:

A)forms a compound that is more toxic than cocaine.
B)forms a compound that potentiates cocaine's toxicity.
C)forms a compound that inhibits the central nervous system effects of cocaine.
D)produces a metabolite in liver that is more toxic than,and potentiates the effects of,cocaine.

Question 15

The main effect of cocaine is:

A)local anesthesia.
B)vasoconstriction.
C)central nervous system stimulation.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

The acute effects of cocaine include all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)euphoria.
B)appetite suppression.
C)decreased desire for cocaine.
D)increased desire for cocaine.

Question 17

Cocaine is:

A)slowly metabolized into an active metabolite.
B)rapidly metabolized into an active metabolite.
C)slowly metabolized into an inactive metabolite.
D)rapidly metabolized into an inactive metabolite.

Question 18

Cocaine's major mechanism of action is:

A)receptor stimulation.
B)receptor blockade.
C)enzyme inhibition.
D)reuptake blockade.

Question 19

In the absence (via pharmacological blockade or genetic manipulation)of dopamine transporters,cocaine is:

A)a behavioral stimulant but not a positive reinforcer.
B)neither a behavioral stimulant nor a positive reinforcer.
C)a positive reinforcer but not a behavioral stimulant.
D)both a positive reinforcer and a behavioral stimulant.

Question 20

The peripheral side effects of the psychostimulants resemble activation of the:

A)skeletal nervous system.
B)sympathetic nervous system.
C)parasympathetic nervous system.
D)central nervous system.

Question 21

The mechanism of action underlying the cocaine vaccine is the vaccine:

A)breaks down cocaine into inactive metabolites
B)generates cocaine-specific antibodies that metabolize cocaine
C)generates cocaine-specific antibodies that prevent cocaine from entering the brain
D)alters the pH of the milieu,thereby "neutralizing" cocaine

Question 22

Cocaine and ethanol interact uniquely to form a pharmacologically active metabolite more toxic than cocaine.

Question 23

Stereotypical behaviors result from:

A)acute low doses of amphetamine.
B)chronic low doses of amphetamine.
C)acute high doses of amphetamine.
D)chronic high doses of amphetamine.

Question 24

Ice is to methamphetamine as:

A)cocaine is to amphetamine.
B)cocaine is to crack.
C)ice is to crack.
D)crack is to cocaine.

Question 25

Ritalin's major mechanism of action is:

A)direct receptor stimulation.
B)receptor blockade.
C)reuptake inhibition.
D)increased release of neurotransmitter.

Question 26

The major mechanism of action of amphetamines is:

A)direct receptor stimulation.
B)receptor blockade.
C)reuptake inhibition.
D)increased release of neurotransmitters.

Question 27

Ritalin's major mechanism of action is on the neurotransmitter:

A)norepinephrine.
B)dopamine.
C)serotonin.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 28

Orally administered methylphenidate is less reinforcing than cocaine because it:

A)affects different neurotransmitters.
B)affects different regions in the brain.
C)is metabolized more slowly.
D)is absorbed more slowly.

Question 29

The subjective effects of cocaine are indistinguishable from those of:

A)anxiolytics.
B)sedatives.
C)hallucinogens.
D)amphetamines.

Question 30

The accepted treatment for cocaine dependency is:

A)the administration of a specific cocaine antagonist.
B)straightforward and easily applied.
C)the administration of anti-craving drugs.
D)complicated and unclear,involving treatment of cocaine dependency and comorbid

Question 31

Armodafinil (Nuvigal)is the active isomer of modafinil.As such,you would not be surprised to discover that,compared to modafinil,Nuvigal is:

A)half as efficacious.
B)half as potent.
C)twice as efficacious.
D)twice as potent.

Question 32

Withdrawal symptoms of amphetamine dependency include all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)increased appetite.
B)decreased energy.
C)increased sleep.
D)altered pain threshold.

Question 33

The positive reinforcing effects of amphetamine are most likely the result of action on the neurotransmitter:

A)norepinephrine.
B)dopamine.
C)serotonin.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 34

The high-dose stereotypical behavior of amphetamine is probably the result of action on the neurotransmitter:

A)norepinephrine.
B)dopamine.
C)serotonin.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 35

The therapeutic use(s)of amphetamine is(are):

A)treatment of narcolepsy.
B)treatment of ADHD.
C)appetite suppression.
D)both narcolepsy and ADHD.

Question 36

Sibutramine (Meridia)acts on all of the neurotransmitters,EXCEPT:

A)dopamine.
B)serotonin.
C)norepinephrine.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 37

The peripheral nervous system effects of amphetamine are probably the result of action on the neurotransmitter:

A)epinephrine.
B)dopamine.
C)serotonin.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 38

Children born to cocaine-dependent mothers most clearly have a high incidence of:

A)premature birth.
B)decreased risk of seizures.
C)increased head circumference.
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 39

The stimulant Ritalin's mechanism of action is most like that of:

A)cocaine.
B)amphetamines.
C)ephedrine.
D)parasympathomimetics.

Question 40

Ritalin is:

A)a form of cocaine.
B)a form of amphetamine.
C)a nonamphetamine stimulant.
D)a form of cocaine that is a nonamphetamine stimulant.

Question 41

Ritalin's mechanism of action is more like that of amphetamine than cocaine.

Question 42

Prolonged use of either cocaine or amphetamine can produce symptoms of toxic paranoid psychosis or paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 43

Mice lacking the dopamine transporter system nevertheless self-administer cocaine.

Question 44

Cocaine and amphetamine are subjectively virtually indistinguishable.

Question 45

Methylphenidate (Ritaline)is rapidly absorbed into the brain.

Question 46

Cardiac side effects are the single greatest cause of premature deaths from cocaine.

Question 47

Cocaine can induce acute hypothermia.

Question 48

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases appetite.

Question 49

Most cocaine abusers restrict drug abuse to cocaine.

Question 50

When intravenously injected,Ritalin produces a cocaine-like "rush."

Question 51

Cocaine acts as an aphrodisiac.

Question 52

The appetite-suppressant effect of amphetamine is highly resistant to tolerance.

Question 53

Cocaine can markedly decrease oxygen supply to the brain.