Deck 8: Dissociative Disorders and Somatic Symptom Disorders

Question 1

Since watching his mother get hit and killed by a car two years ago,Chris has felt like he has been watching himself from outside of his body and thinks that voices sound strange.He is likely suffering from

A)depersonalization/derealization disorder.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)dissociative fugue.
D)none of the above.

Answer 1

depersonalization/derealization disorder.

Question 2

Explicit memory is to conscious recall of experiences as implicit memory is to

A)repressed memories.
B)behaviors based on experiences that cannot be consciously recalled.
C)behaviors based on experiences that occurred before the onset of speech.
D)dreams.

Answer 2

behaviors based on experiences that cannot be consciously recalled.

Question 3

Mildred has been struggling with feelings of chronic depersonalization/derealization for several years.If she has depersonalization/derealization disorder,she most likely

A)has impaired memory functioning.
B)has a well-developed sense of self,just feelings of not being present.
C)has experienced some abuse at an earlier age.
D)is not employed.

Answer 3

has experienced some abuse at an earlier age.

Question 4

Why are there many questions regarding the role of memory under stress with respect to dissociative disorders?

A)People have trouble recalling events.
B)Few brain-imaging studies have been conducted to date.
C)Some lines of research indicate that high levels of stress enhance memory.
D)Research indicates that,under stress,people store memories in different areas of the brain.

Question 5

Depersonalization/derealization disorder usually begins in

A)early childhood.
B)middle childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)adulthood.

Question 6

Dissociative disorders share

A)obsessive thoughts.
B)an alteration in consciousness or identity.
C)an inability to distinguish reality from fantasy.
D)physical symptoms with no physiological basis.

Question 7

Among the dissociative disorders,dissociative amnesia: subtype-dissociative fugue is characterized by

A)massive repression.
B)moving away and establishing a new identity.
C)sudden development following severe stress.
D)memory loss for virtually all past events.

Question 8

Which theorists view dissociative disorders as avoidance responses that protect the person from consciously experiencing stressful events?

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)both a and b

Question 9

The prognosis for dissociative amnesia usually involves a __________ remission with __________ recovery.

A)gradual; complete
B)gradual; partial
C)sudden; complete
D)sudden; partial

Question 10

With regard to the theory that adults can recover memories of childhood abuse after many years,it is

A)best to assume that such people are malingering.
B)viable to assume that such recovered memories are indeed true.
C)best to treat these people as sufferers of PTSD.
D)safest to regard such theories as tentative.

Question 11

Memories often hold __________ power.

A)emotional
B)cognitive
C)physiological
D)physical

Question 12

Somatoform and dissociative disorders are similar in that both

A)have symptoms suggesting a physical dysfunction.
B)typically begin after a stressful experience.
C)involve aggressive outbursts.
D)are delusional in quality.

Question 13

Following a dissociative amnesia-subtype dissociative fugue episode,the person often

A)does not remember the events that occurred during the episode.
B)remembers most of the events occurring during the episode,although they may be denied to avoid embarrassment.
C)is predisposed to have further episodes at times of stress.
D)is likely to develop another type of dissociative disorder.

Question 14

Beginning with the __________ somatic disorders,dissociative disorders,and anxiety disorders became three distinct categories of diagnoses.

A)DSM-5
B)DSM-I
C)DSM-II
D)DSM-III

Question 15

Donna was brutally assaulted outside the local 7-Eleven.Although she cannot recall the details of the assault,she becomes terrified when she drives past the 7-Eleven.This is an example of a situation in which a person

A)has an explicit memory,but no implicit memory.
B)has neither explicit nor implicit memory.
C)will most likely develop dissociative identity disorder.
D)has no explicit memory,but has an implicit memory.

Question 16

In the DSM-5,which two DSM-IV-TR subcategories of dissociative disorders were combined into one?

A)dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue
B)dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder
C)dissociative fugue and depersonalization
D)depersonalization and dissociative identity disorder

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of mild dissociation?

A)worrying excessively over your grades
B)not remembering material you studied for a test
C)difficulty committing to social relationships
D)being so preoccupied you forget an appointment

Question 18

Dissociative identity disorder must involve

A)at least 3 distinct personalities.
B)selective amnesia.
C)at least 2 distinct personalities.
D)depersonalization.

Question 19

The DSM-5 includes all of the following dissociative disorders EXCEPT:

A)dissociative amnesia.
B)depersonalization/derealization disorder.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)dissociative anxiety disorder.

Question 20

Dissociative amnesia may be BEST distinguished from brain injury by

A)the loss of ego functioning in dissociative amnesia.
B)additional cognitive deficits in brain injury.
C)the presence of prograde memory loss in dissociative amnesia.
D)the presence of severe anxiety in dissociative amnesia.

Question 21

Dr.Jones believes that different alters appear during adulthood after the suggestion of a therapist.This is consistent with

A)psychoanalytic theory.
B)behavioral theory.
C)social role enactment.
D)self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 22

The goal of treatment of dissociative disorders should be to

A)encourage repression of the underlying trauma.
B)encourage others to reinforce symptoms.
C)convince the person that splitting into different personalities is no longer necessary to deal with traumas.
D)provide a confrontational setting where symptoms are not needed.

Question 23

The two major theories of DID are

A)post-traumatic and sociocognitive.
B)post-traumatic and psychoanalytic.
C)behavioral and psychoanalytic.
D)post-traumatic and cognitive-behavioral.

Question 24

Research on the effectiveness of psychological treatment of dissociative identity disorder

A)shows that behavioral-cognitive therapy is moderately effective.
B)has been hampered by the publicity surrounding known cases.
C)supports the post-traumatic model of its etiology.
D)is limited to observations of a few specialized therapists.

Question 25

Bradford reports the following unusual experiences: He finds used tea bags in the waste basket,although he does not like tea and lives alone; he discovered several suits in his closet that he had no memory of buying and did not like; he has had people greet him calling him "William" or "Christian" whom he has never met before.Which DSM- 5 diagnosis would best fit Bradford's symptoms?

A)dissociative amnesia
B)Obsessive compulsive disorder
C)depersonalization/derealization disorder
D)dissociative identity disorder

Question 26

The Greek word "schizo" means

A)splitting away from
B)fracturing of
C)distancing measure
D)false interpretation

Question 27

The onset of dissociative identity disorder is generally believed to begin during __________ and is found most often in people with __________ history of abuse.

A)adolescence; no
B)adolescence; a severe
C)childhood; no
D)childhood; a severe

Question 28

The post-traumatic model of DID

A)has the most substantial empirical support.
B)assumes that DID begins in childhood as a result of severe abuse.
C)assumes that DID is created in therapy.
D)assumes DID is due to suggestions from the media.

Question 29

Most people with dissociative identity disorder exhibit high __________ and experienced a history of __________.

A)child abuse; criminal behavior.
B)hypnotic susceptibility; child abuse.
C)hypnotic susceptibility; criminal behavior.
D)sensation seeking; amnesia.

Question 30

The most commonly diagnosed comorbid disorders with dissociative identity disorder are

A)anxiety and depression.
B)somatoform and substance abuse disorders.
C)bipolar disorder and depression.
D)schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

Question 31

Ms.Hall consulted a physician because of the following experience: The week before,she felt that another voice was talking to her,although she tried to ignore it.She then had a period of hours that she was unable to recall,but her boyfriend reported later that during that period she behaved like a completely different person,being loud and boisterous in contrast to her usual shy and sedate personality.She had never had a similar experience and was at a loss to explain it.Ms.Hall's symptoms most likely meet the criteria for

A)schizophrenia.
B)depersonalization/derealization disorder.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)none of the above.

Question 32

All of the following have been cited as reasons for changes in the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder over the years EXCEPT:

A)changes in the diagnostic criteria for the disorder.
B)publication of popular accounts such as "Sybil."
C)changes in the medical sophistication and level of education in modern society.
D)changing definitions of schizophrenia.

Question 33

DID usually begins in __________ but is rarely diagnosed until __________.

A)childhood; adulthood
B)childhood; adolescence
C)adolescence; adulthood
D)adulthood; late adulthood

Question 34

One major theory of the etiology of dissociative identity disorder is that it results from

A)fear of facing the complexities of adult living.
B)drug use in predisposed individuals.
C)suggestions by therapists or media influences.
D)having a fantasy life more reinforcing than reality

Question 35

Although different alters report an inability to share memories,

A)studies suggest that alters can share some implicit memories.
B)studies suggest that alters share more explicit memories,but they are just repressed.
C)studies indicate that most alters are completely fabricated.
D)research suggests that role-playing is the best explanation of DID.

Question 36

According to Claire's friends,she never exhibited signs of DID.However,after watching Sybil on TV and visiting a therapist regularly,Claire began exhibiting different personalities.A socio-cultural theory of the development of Claire's DID would suggest that

A)Claire must have been sexually abused as a child.
B)Claire must have come from a dysfunctional family and had few friends growing up.
C)Claire's alters appeared in response to exposure to media and therapists' suggestions.
D)Claire has repressed memories for too long.

Question 37

Therapists who are most likely to diagnose DID tend to

A)practice behavioral techniques.
B)use hypnosis.
C)use biofeedback.
D)support the sociocultural model.

Question 38

The study by Spanos et al.,based on the "Hillside Strangler" Ken Bianchi,showed that

A)people without dissociative identity disorder can adopt multiple personalities if a situation demands it.
B)dissociative identity disorder is always the same from person to person .
C)dissociative identity disorder does not sway a jury when used as part of an insanity defense.
D)malingering cannot be detected by psychiatrists.

Question 39

The DSM-5 added the following criteria to the DSM-IV-TR's description of dissociative identity disorder:

A)the symptoms are part of a cultural phenomenon.
B)the symptoms are not part of a satanic ritual.
C)the symptoms are based on females only.
D)the symptoms are not part of a broadly accepted cultural or religious practice.

Question 40

Dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia

A)are two entirely different disorders.
B)are synonyms.
C)are very similar; the person with schizophrenia has two personalities,while the person with dissociative identity disorder has three or more.
D)are similar in that both involve a split between cognition and emotion.

Question 41

The Greek word "hystera" means

A)hysterical
B)womb
C)women
D)functional neurological

Question 42

The DSM-5 combines each of the following DSM-IV-TR categories to create the complex somatic symptom disorder EXCEPT:

A)somatoform disorder.
B)pain disorder.
C)hypochondriasis.
D)all three of these categories are combined.

Question 43

Neurobiologists focus on

A)how somatic symptom disorders are treated physically.
B)why some people are hypersensitive to bodily sensations.
C)when somatic symptoms first appear.
D)none of the above.

Question 44

The main feature of illness anxiety disorder is

A)a preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease.
B)a fear of losing a limb.
C)an overwhelming fear of doctors and hospitals.
D)all of the above.

Question 45

Somatic symptom disorders all involve

A)physical symptoms.
B)dysphoric mood.
C)disruptions of consciousness.
D)hallucinations.

Question 46

Unlike a malingerer,a person with factitious disorder

A)does not exhibit "la belle indifference."
B)has primarily psychological,not physical,symptoms.
C)has physical symptoms that are not under voluntary control.
D)has no clear motivation for adopting the symptoms.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT presented in the text as a criticism of somatoform disorders?

A)Body dysmorphic disorder does not have much in common with the somatoform disorders and was moved to a different category
B)There is incredible diversity among people diagnosed with somatoform disorders
C)The defining feature of somatoform disorders implies that physical and psychological processes can be separated
D)All of the following are criticisms of somatoform disorders

Question 48

Which of the following somatic disorders were not changed in the DSM-5?

A)hypochondriasis
B)malingering
C)factitious disorder
D)both malingering and factitious disorder

Question 49

The controlled outcome studies on dissociative identity disorder (DID)show

A)superior outcome when psychodynamic treatment is employed.
B)integration of alters is easily achieved in most people with DID.
C)psychotropic medications are effective in eliminating alters.
D)none of the above; no controlled outcomes studies on DID exist.

Question 50

Louise arrived at the emergency room complaining of severe stomach pain.After careful evaluation,it became clear that Louise had purposely given herself food poisoning.She would most likely

A)be malingering.
B)have somatization disorder.
C)have la belle indifference.
D)have factitious disorder.

Question 51

Compared to the DSM-IV-TR diagnoses,the DSM-5 system places more emphasis on __________ rather than the number or range of somatic symptoms.

A)distress and behavior accompanying somatic symptoms
B)behavior associated with illness detection
C)distress about impending illness or death
D)Both a and c

Question 52

The DSM-5 added the following disorder to the DSM-IV-TR somatic symptom disorders category

A)illness anxiety disorder.
B)conversion disorder.
C)malingering.
D)factitious disorder.

Question 53

According to the DSM-5,unwarranted fears about a serious illness despite absence of any significant somatic symptoms is called

A)illness anxiety disorder.
B)depersonalization/dearealization disorder.
C)factitious disorder.
D)conversion disorder

Question 54

A factitious disorder imposed on another is referred to as

A)Munchausen syndrome by imposition.
B)Munchausen symptom diversion.
C)Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
D)none of the above.

Question 55

Which of the following is most similar to somatic symptom disorder?

A)body dysmorphic disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)Illness anxiety disorder
D)dissociative disorder

Question 56

Which of the following best illustrates Illness anxiety disorder?

A)An ulcer caused by stress.
B)A persistent unsubstantiated fear of having cancer.
C)Having obsessions with an imagined physical defect,such as facial wrinkles.
D)Experiencing recurring pain with no physical basis.

Question 57

The term "conversion" originated with

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Ivan Pavlov
D)Dermott Helmich

Question 58

Anesthesia and aphonia are examples of __________ disorder.

A)illness anxiety
B)conversion
C)factitious
D)somatic symptom

Question 59

DSM-5 symptoms of conversion disorder include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)one or more neurologic symptoms affecting voluntary motor function.
B)three or more neurologic symptoms affecting voluntary motor function.
C)diagnostic findings are internally inconsistent.
D)symptoms cannot be explained by a medical condition.

Question 60

All of the following are DSM-5 symptoms of somatic symptom disorder EXCEPT:

A)at least one somatic symptom is distressing or disrupts daily life.
B)excessive thoughts,feelings,and behaviors related to somatic symptoms.
C)long-lasting history of mental illness.
D)has occurred for at least six months.

Question 61

Robert complained of complete lack of sensation in both knees,but a physical exam revealed no physiological damage.Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis for Robert?

A)body dysmorphic disorder
B)somatic symptom disorder
C)conversion disorder
D)illness anxiety disorder

Question 62

The onset of conversion disorder symptoms is usually

A)sudden and related to a stressful situation.
B)gradual and subtle.
C)not associated with psychological distress.
D)preceded by a period of physical illness.

Question 63

Lucy complained of paralysis in her leg that made it impossible for her to work or do household chores.When in the emergency room,she appeared unconcerned with her ailment and discussed it at great length.She even invited people to come and poke her leg to show that she experienced no sensations.She would most likely be diagnosed with

A)somatic symptom disorder.
B)conversion disorder.
C)malingering.
D)illness anxiety disorder.

Question 64

Conversion disorder is NOT a likely diagnosis for someone experiencing an inexplicable loss of

A)feeling.
B)vision.
C)memory.
D)speech.

Question 65

Julie experienced inexplicable blindness.She visited several ophthalmologists,all of whom indicated there was no physical basis for her blindness.She most likely has

A)Illness anxiety disorder
B)dissociative disorder.
C)conversion disorder.
D)body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 66

Conversion disorder was first studied by Freud; before then it was referred to as

A)la belle indifference.
B)hysteria.
C)hypochondriasis.
D)Briquet's syndrome.

Question 67

According to experimental research on the role of the unconscious,if you are shown a hexagon for 1 millisecond (a level too fast for you to actually perceive consciously),when asked to rate preferences for shapes you will

A)not prefer the hexagon to other shapes.
B)be able to indicate that the hexagon 'looks familiar.'
C)likely prefer the hexagon to other shapes.
D)be disinterested in hexagons.

Question 68

The higher incidence of conversion disorder during Freud's time has been attributed to

A)prevalent sexually repressive attitudes.
B)pervasive beliefs in mystics and magical thinking.
C)the high incidence of unreported sexual abuse.
D)clinicians inadvertently creating the disorder through hypnosis.

Question 69

Pain and somatic symptoms can be increased by

A)anxiety.
B)depression.
C)hormones.
D)all of these factors can increase somatic symptoms.

Question 70

What is the basis for sociocultural theories of conversion disorder?

A)The greater prevalence of conversion disorder in urban areas.
B)The increased use of hypnosis by psychiatrists.
C)The increase in conversion disorder during the 1960s.
D)The decrease in conversion disorder over the last century.

Question 71

Which of the following is a potential symptom of conversion disorder?

A)extreme anxiety
B)paralysis in the hand
C)chronic sweating
D)hypersensitivity to pain

Question 72

Conversion disorder occupies a central place in psychodynamic theory because it provides a clear example of the role of

A)repression.
B)the unconscious.
C)the pleasure principle.
D)stages of development.

Question 73

People with blindsight

A)have sustained damage to their brain.
B)do not know that they can see.
C)have sustained no damage to their eyes.
D)all of the above

Question 74

One area of interest for cognitive researchers involves the __________ of those diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder.

A)attributional style
B)interest style
C)stress style
D)emotion style

Question 75

The psychodynamic perspective on conversion disorder was revised in light of experimental findings with hysterically blind people who

A)have underlying brain defects.
B)can see when under hypnosis.
C)can respond to visual information.
D)experienced traumatic visual events.

Question 76

The importance of social and cultural factors in conversion disorder is suggested by data showing that the disorder is more common in

A)high stress occupations.
B)psychoanalytic patients.
C)Non-Western countries.
D)people with few social supports.

Question 77

Contemporary psychodynamic research on hysterically blind individuals indicates that they repress

A)the awareness that they see.
B)visual stimuli.
C)information extracted from visual stimuli.
D)their motives about seeing.

Question 78

In the case of Anna O.,her conversion disorder symptoms involved her

A)left leg.
B)sexual dysfunction.
C)her right side,beginning with her arm.
D)scalp,nose,and lips.

Question 79

Conversion disorder is most common in

A)women.
B)men.
C)It is equally common in men and women.
D)No information is yet available on prevalence among men vs.women.

Question 80

Once a somatic symptom develops,the cognitive variable that appears important is

A)attention to body sensations.
B)interpretation of body sensations.
C)both attention and interpretation are important.
D)neither attention nor interpretation are important.