Deck 5: Mood Disorders

Question 1

The DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder must include __________ depressive symptoms that are present for at least two weeks.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Answer 1

5

Question 2

The DSM-5 includes __________ new depressive disorders.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Answer 2

3

Question 3

According to the DSM-5,bereavement-related symptoms are no longer excluded from the diagnosis of

A)Major depressive disorder
B)Persistent depressive disorder
C)Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder
D)Bipolar I disorder

Answer 3

Major depressive disorder

Question 4

Which of the following symptoms are indicative of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder,according to the DSM-5?

A)Severe recurrent temper outbursts
B)Swings in mood from extreme highs to extreme lows
C)Persistent negative mood
D)Both temper outbursts and a persistent negative mood

Question 5

Which of the following disorders is newly included in the DSM-5?

A)Bipolar I disorder
B)Bipolar II disorder
C)Bipolar III disorder
D)Persistent depressive disorder

Question 6

The most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the U.S.is

A)Mood dysregulation disorder
B)Cyclothymia
C)Major depressive disorder
D)Bipolar disorder

Question 7

Jacqueline has been depressed,ongoing,for the past three years.Based on this information,the best diagnosis for Jacqueline would be

A)Persistent depressive disorder.
B)Cyclothymic disorder.
C)Bipolar disorder.
D)Disruptive mood Regulation disorder.

Question 8

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder involves

A)children.
B)adolescents.
C)adults.
D)both children and adolescents.

Question 9

Major depressive disorder is three times more common among __________ populations.

A)High SES
B)Low SES
C)Middle class
D)None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following factors have NOT been proposed as an explanation for the gender difference in depression?

A)Girls are more likely to be exposed to sexual abuse than boys.
B)Women tend to be more creative than men.
C)Women are more likely to be exposed to chronic stressors in adulthood.
D)Social roles promote emotion-focused coping among women.

Question 11

In the opening clinical case,Mary M.reported feeling a lack of energy,difficulty sleeping,loss of appetite,difficulty concentrating,and a loss of interest in activities she previously enjoyed.Based on this information,which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for Mary M.?

A)Eating disorder
B)Major depressive disorder
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 12

About __________ of people who have experienced a major depressive disorder will experience at least one more episode during their lifetime.

A)One quarter.
B)Half.
C)Two thirds.
D)Three quarters.

Question 13

Researchers have found that __________ of people suffering from persistent depressive disorder develop major depressive disorder within 10 years.

A)50%
B)65%
C)95%
D)100%

Question 14

__________ as many girls as boys are exposed to childhood sexual abuse.

A)Twice
B)Three times
C)Four times
D)Five times

Question 15

The slowing of thoughts and movements by those experiencing depression is called

A)Psychomotor agitation.
B)Social withdrawal.
C)Psychomotor retardation.
D)Melancholia.

Question 16

Researchers have found that first-generation immigrants who came to the U.S.have __________ rates of major depressive disorder than those born in the U.S.

A)Lower
B)Higher
C)No difference
D)None of these answers is correct - it has not been determined yet.

Question 17

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is distinguished from major depression by the addition of symptoms such as

A)Breast tenderness or swelling.
B)Bloating.
C)Joint or muscle pain.
D)All of these are symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Question 18

In the DSM-5,__________ is included in persistent depressive disorder.

A)Chronic bereavement-related depression
B)Chronic major depressive disorder
C)Bipolar I disorder
D)Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 19

Which of the following is not considered a common symptom of depression?

A)Psychomotor retardation or agitation
B)Sleeping too much or too little
C)Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
D)All of the above are common symptoms of depression

Question 20

Psychomotor agitation involves

A)Pacing.
B)Fidgeting.
C)Wringing hands.
D)All of the above.

Question 21

The DSM-5 recognizes which of the following forms of bipolar disorders?

A)Bipolar I and Bipolar II
B)Bipolar I,Bipolar II and Cyclothymia
C)Bipolar and Cyclothymia
D)Bipolar I,Bipolar II and Bipolar III

Question 22

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Cardiovascular health predicts depression.
B)Depression predicts cardiovascular health.
C)Cardiovascular health and depression are unrelated.
D)Cardiovascular health and depression predict each other.

Question 23

To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder,a person

A)must be currently experiencing manic symptoms.
B)must have experienced hypomanic symptoms as well as depressive symptoms at some point in their lifetime.
C)must have had at least one episode of mania at some point in their lifetime.
D)must have experienced at least one depressive episode.

Question 24

Delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with the mood state (e.g.,guilt,disease or death themes accompanying depression)are known as

A)mood-incongruent psychotic features.
B)mood-congruent psychotic features.
C)mixed features.
D)catatonic features.

Question 25

Which of the following people is least likely to have major depression?

A)A 45-year-old wealthy woman
B)A 35-year-old unemployed man
C)A 20-year-old wealthy man
D)A 19-year-old wealthy woman who has had one episode of depression in the past

Question 26

Which of the following is a chronic,milder form of bipolar disorder?

A)dysthymic disorder
B)cyclothymic disorder
C)manic-depression
D)hypomanic disorder

Question 27

Every winter for the past three years,Natalie has felt extremely depressed for a period of months and is unable to keep up with her responsibilities because of her low energy and difficulty concentrating.She always appears to feel better by early spring and is at her best during the summer.Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Natalie?

A)Cyclothymic disorder
B)Major depression-
C)Seasonal affective disorder
D)Natalie's symptoms reflect normal mood fluctuations and would not be given a DSM-5 diagnosis.

Question 28

For a period of one week,Alan experienced episodes of extreme elation that caused significant functional impairment.Based on this information only,Alan was experiencing a

A)manic episode.
B)hypomanic episode.
C)depressive episode.
D)none of the above.

Question 29

Juan experiences symptoms of sad mood,increased sleep,agitation,poor appetite,and concentration difficulties most of the day.Julia,on the other hand,has symptoms of loss of interest in activities,lethargy,increased appetite,feelings of worthlessness,and recurrent thoughts of death.What can be concluded regarding Juan and Julia?

A)Both Juan and Julia have Bipolar disorder
B)Juan has mania,whereas Julia has major depression.
C)Both have major depression.
D)Both have cyclothymic disorder.

Question 30

Which form of bipolar disorder is considered to be the most severe form of mental illness?

A)Bipolar I
B)Bipolar II
C)Cyclothymic Disorder
D)None of the above

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true?

A)All people who experience manic symptoms will experience symptoms of depression at some point during their lifetime.
B)An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I.
C)An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II.
D)All of the above.

Question 32

The term melancholic is used for

A)manic episodes.
B)depressive episodes.
C)manic and depressive episodes.
D)neither manic nor depressive episodes.

Question 33

The DSM-5 criteria for cyclothymic disorder involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)it must have occurred for at least two years.
B)numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms.
C)numerous periods with depressive symptoms.
D)symptoms do not clear for more than six months at a time.

Question 34

What percentage of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder have a dual diagnosis of anxiety?

A)1/3
B)1/2
C)2/3
D)3/4

Question 35

Flight of ideas refers to

A)delusional thinking.
B)suicidal thinking.
C)the thinking of a person with dementia.
D)rapid shifts in topics while speaking.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true?

A)There is a negative relationship between bipolar disorders and creativity.
B)There is a positive relationship between bipolar disorders and creativity.
C)Creativity causes improvements in mood.
D)Depression causes creative outbursts.

Question 37

Which of the following treatments for seasonal affective disorder is now considered a first-line recommendation in the APA Treatment Guidelines for Depression?

A)Hypnosis
B)Regular bright light exposure
C)Psychodynamic therapy
D)Traveling to a warmer climate during winter months

Question 38

In the past year,John has had three depressive episodes and two manic episodes.Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit John?

A)bipolar I disorder-rapid cycling specifier
B)bipolar II disorder-rapid cycling specifier
C)cyclothymia
D)major depressive disorder-rapid cycling specifier

Question 39

Jack reports being in a wonderful mood.He has been very active at work lately,even working far into the night,as he seems to need only a few hours of sleep at night.He is very talkative and quickly moves from one topic to another,describing a scheme he has for making a fortune in the stock market.These behaviors represent a change from Jack's normal behaviors and have caused severe functional impairment.He reports no previous periods like this.Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Jack?

A)Overanxious disorder.
B)Dysthymic disorder.
C)Bipolar disorder.
D)Cyclothymic disorder.

Question 40

Which of the following best describes hypomania?

A)A type of mania that alternates with depression.
B)A type of mania more common in dysthymic patients.
C)A more severe form of mania.
D)A less severe form of mania.

Question 41

Stressful life events appear to be a causal factor in depression based on research showing

A)depressed people experience more losses of marriages and jobs.
B)many people report life stresses before they become depressed.
C)depression rates increase after major disasters.
D)lab induced stress leads to increased depression.

Question 42

Functional studies of people with major depression show

A)elevated activity in the amygdala.
B)decreased activity in the amygdala.
C)diminished volume in the prefrontal cortex.
D)diminished volume of the hippocampus.

Question 43

In both animals and humans,too much cortisol appears to produce

A)Cushing's syndrome.
B)manic symptoms.
C)depressive symptoms.
D)HPA axis activity.

Question 44

Twin studies yield heritability estimates of __________ for major depressive disorder.

A)37%
B)85%
C)25%
D)70%

Question 45

Pleasure,motivation,and energy decrease in depression and increase in mania.This suggests neurological changes in the

A)amygdala.
B)second messengers.
C)HPA axis.
D)reward system.

Question 46

John is in the middle of a major depressive episode.His friend,Sophie,has never experienced depression and she is trying to be supportive of John.If you were to show both John and Sophie photos of people with sad or angry expressions on their face,

A)structural activation studies would most likely indicate that John has a stronger and more sustained reaction in his amygdala than Sophie.
B)functional activation studies would most likely indicate that Sophie has a stronger and more sustained reaction in her amygdala than John.
C)functional activation studies would most likely indicate that John has a stronger and more sustained reaction in his amygdala than Sophie.
D)Based on this information,both Sophie and John would probably have the same amount of activity in their amygdala.

Question 47

Most researchers believe that

A)mood disorders are caused by a single gene that regulates mood.
B)mood disorders are caused by a set of genes.
C)mood disorders are caused by a dysregulation of norepinephrine.
D)mood disorders are caused by a single gene called N34.

Question 48

Among individuals who are depressed

A)cortisol levels are often poorly regulated.
B)most have Cushing's syndrome as well.
C)levels of dexamethasone are dysregulated.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 49

Given the inconsistent evidence about levels of neurotransmitters in people with mood disorders,researchers have begun to focus research efforts on

A)whether specific levels of serotonin or dopamine are important.
B)understanding the types of people who have no disturbances in their absolute levels of neurotransmitters.
C)finding a new neurotransmitter.
D)the sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true?

A)High levels of expressed emotion predict relapse in depression.
B)Depressive symptoms are usually a result of expressed emotion.
C)Symptoms of depression can create relationship problems.
D)People with depression often elicit positive reactions from people around them because they tend to keep to themselves.

Question 51

In regards to depression,the amygdala

A)helps a person recall painful memories.
B)helps a person execute plans.
C)regulates heart rate.
D)helps a person assess how emotionally important a given stimulus is.

Question 52

People who are depressed most commonly have

A)just lost their job.
B)had a best friend die suddenly.
C)recently broken up with their partner.
D)low social support.

Question 53

Extreme physical immobility or excessive peculiar physical movements are known as:

A)melancholic features.
B)catatonic features.
C)mixed features.
D)atypical features.

Question 54

Tryptophan depletion has been used to

A)lower serotonin levels.
B)examine dopamine receptors.
C)deplete norepinephrine levels.
D)raise sensitivity for serotonin.

Question 55

Research has demonstrated a relationship between __________ and depression,which is moderated by __________.

A)loss; IQ
B)life stress; social support
C)diet; exercise
D)overly optimistic cognitions; intelligence

Question 56

After a stressful life event,most people

A)become depressed.
B)will have another stressful life event.
C)do not become depressed.
D)experience a reduction in social support.

Question 57

Stressful life events

A)are only related to the first episode of depression.
B)are important in triggering episodes of depression.
C)play little role in the onset of depressive episodes.
D)mediate the relationship between genetics and environment.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Tryptophan is used to lower dopamine levels.
B)People who are vulnerable to depression may have less sensitive serotonin receptors.
C)People who are vulnerable to depression may have highly sensitive serotonin receptors.
D)A person who has very sensitive serotonin receptors is expected to experience lots of depressive symptoms as their serotonin levels drop.

Question 59

Norepinephrine and serotonin are __________ implicated in mood disorder etiology.

A)two parts of the autonomic nervous system
B)antidepressant medications
C)neurotransmitters
D)structures in the limbic system

Question 60

Which of the following disorders has the highest heritability estimates?

A)major depressive disorder
B)bipolar disorder
C)persistent depressive disorder
D)cyclothymia

Question 61

Mindfulness-based therapy is

A)most effective for women.
B)most effective for people who have had just one major depressive episode.
C)most effective for people who experience recurrent depressive episodes.
D)as effective as treatment as usual.

Question 62

When considering the etiology of depressive disorders,the latest evidence suggests that they are

A)neurobiological.
B)psychosocial.
C)both neurobiological and psychosocial.
D)mostly genetic.

Question 63

Jill is seeking treatment for depression,which started after she ended a long-term relationship.Which of the following would be a global depressive attribution she might make?

A)"My relationships end badly because I get jealous and I drive them away."
B)"There must be something wrong with me,because I always attract people who are wrong for me."
C)"Sometimes I feel there is something the matter with me.Maybe,I am not pretty enough."
D)"My next relationship will likely be better."

Question 64

Jolynn was experiencing major depression,and she went to a therapist who treated her with interpersonal therapy.Her therapist probably encouraged her to

A)confront her parents with her anger at them for neglecting her as a child.
B)keep a record of her moods over the course of the day and their relationship to the number of positive contacts she has with other people.
C)examine her own way of relating to others in her environment.
D)attempt to replace depressing memories with happy ones.

Question 65

If Stephanie is characterized as a person high in neuroticism,she

A)is not likely to become depressed,but likely to become anxious.
B)is at elevated risk for developing depression.
C)is likely to experience low levels of anxiety,but high levels of depression.
D)is most likely clinically depressed.

Question 66

Which of the following personality traits has been most strongly associated with depression?

A)agreeableness
B)neuroticism
C)extraversion
D)avoidance

Question 67

Studies suggest that IPT

A)is relatively ineffective.
B)is comparable in its effectiveness to psychoanalysis.
C)is effective in relieving depression and preventing relapse.
D)is effective in treating depression,but fails to prevent relapse,especially in the elderly.

Question 68

In Beck's theory,one form of cognitive bias leading to depression would be excessive attention toward

A)the past.
B)global disasters.
C)childhood sexual abuse.
D)negative feedback.

Question 69

Across paradigms,treatment of mood disorders typically includes

A)psychoeducation.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)behavioral marital therapy.
D)behavioral activation.

Question 70

According to learned helplessness theory,following a failure on an important exam,which of the following explanations for the failure is most likely to lead to depression?

A)This teacher doesn't like me.
B)I am stupid.
C)I was in a bad mood on the day of the test.
D)I did not study hard enough.

Question 71

Behavioral activation involves

A)increasing the number of meaningful relationships.
B)increasing one's commitment to therapy.
C)increasing serotonin levels.
D)increasing the number of active,pleasurable experiences.

Question 72

In interpersonal psychotherapy,the focus of treatment is on examining

A)how the past is influencing the present.
B)cognitive biases in relationships.
C)current behaviors and how they interfere with relationships.
D)major interpersonal problems in current relationships.

Question 73

The depressive cognitive triad,according to Beck's cognitive theory of depression,are

A)pessimistic views of self,world,and future.
B)negative beliefs about how things work in the world.
C)negative schemata triggered by negative life events.
D)distorted ways of reaching conclusions about events.

Question 74

Research indicating that people with bipolar disorder describe themselves as very responsive to rewards may help explain why those with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for becoming manic after

A)life events involving goal attainment.
B)increasing the number of life needs.
C)deep depression.
D)receiving gifts.

Question 75

Mindfulness-based therapy is adapted from

A)cognitive therapy.
B)IPT.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)behavioral therapy.

Question 76

In the latest version of helplessness/hopelessness theory,depression results from inescapable aversive situations only

A)when the person believes they can survive the aversive situation.
B)if the individual already feels depressed.
C)for individuals who make depressive attributions during or following the aversive situation.
D)when a family member has a history of depression.

Question 77

In bipolar disorder,depressive episodes are typically triggered by

A)similar factors as in major depression.
B)difficulty facing the seriousness of the disorder.
C)after-effects of manic episodes.
D)neurological changes.

Question 78

As many as __________ of people prescribed an antidepressant stop taking their medication within the first month.

A)10%
B)20%
C)90%
D)40%

Question 79

The hopelessness theory of depression is predicated on

A)depression resulting from previous helplessness situations.
B)biological features of depression resulting in negative attributions.
C)a return to the animal lab to further understand factors leading to depression.
D)cognitive diatheses that lead to negative attributions.

Question 80

Over time,repeated interactions with people with depression typically result in

A)longer interactions than with people without depression.
B)the depressed person eliciting negative feedback.
C)the depressed person feeling less depressed.
D)more depression even if there is an effort to reduce the depression in the conversation.