Deck 16: Schools, Achievement, and Work

Question 1

Every morning, Mr.Lawson's students learn one new word.First, students make a guess at the meaning.Next, they explore their anthology book for the word in context.Finally, they look up the word in a dictionary.Which teaching method does this best illustrate?

A)direct instruction
B)constructivist
C)social constructivist
D)whole learning

Answer 1

constructivist

Question 2

Project Head Start was designed to provide children from low-income families with:

A)early opportunities to develop skills important for later success in school.
B)training in job-related skills to reduce reliance on public assistance programs.
C)low-cost meal programs so they would be physically ready to learn more effectively.
D)alternative academic programs rather than having to attend poor-quality neighborhood schools.

Answer 2

early opportunities to develop skills important for later success in school.

Question 3

Which of the following emphasizes the importance of collaboration with others to produce knowledge and understanding?

A)direct instruction
B)behaviorism
C)social constructivism
D)constructivism

Answer 3

constructivism

Question 4

Which of the following would be emphasized in a child-centered kindergarten?

A)the phonetic alphabet
B)colors and shapes
C)gross and fine motor skill development
D)experimentation, exploration, and discovery

Question 5

Which of the following is not a positive effect of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act?

A)assesses a wide range of student skills
B)improved student performance
C)more time teaching subjects that are tested
D)high expectations for all students

Question 6

Every morning, Ms.Santos dictates a vocabulary word including spelling, meaning, and an example used in a sentence.Which teaching method does this best illustrate?

A)direct instruction
B)cognitive constructivist
C)social constructivist
D)whole learning

Question 7

Ms.Espinoza uses a direct instruction approach when teaching reading and often assigns hands-on, constructivist projects for reinforcing new skills.What would educational psychology experts say about this teacher's instructional approach?

A)Experts agree that effective teachers use a direct instruction approach exclusively.
B)Experts agree that effective teachers use a constructivist approach exclusively.
C)Experts say that many effective teachers use both a constructivist and a direct instruction approach.
D)Experts agree that effective teachers focus on testing skills.

Question 8

Which approach to student learning is criticized for turning children into passive learners who do not learn to think critically or creatively?

A)direct instruction
B)cognitive constructivist
C)social constructivist
D)whole learning

Question 9

According to research, children who attend a developmentally inappropriate kindergarten are MORE likely than those who did not to:

A)lack self-confidence.
B)show slower growth in some academic subjects.
C)be highly responsive to adults.
D)show discomfort in social settings.

Question 10

The director says, "We believe that direct instruction and drill and practice will help our kindergarten students master the skills needed for future school success.We don't waste time on silly games and fluff." This kindergarten is:

A)child-centered.
B)teacher-centered.
C)developmentally appropriate.
D)academically comprehensive.

Question 11

Developmentally appropriate practices at the kindergarten level are likely to be:

A)child-centered.
B)success-engendering.
C)teacher-centered.
D)achievement-based.

Question 12

Which of the following is a teacher-centered approach to learning?

A)direct instruction
B)behaviorism
C)constructivism
D)social constructivism

Question 13

Which of the following would a constructivist-based classroom LEAST likely incorporate?

A)rote memorization
B)child's interests, needs, and learning styles
C)experimentation and exploration
D)structured and unstructured play

Question 14

Which of the following emphasizes the child's active role in building knowledge and understanding through exploration and discovery?

A)direct instruction
B)behaviorism
C)constructivism
D)social constructivism

Question 15

In addition to cognitive development, what do most experts agree should be addressed in early childhood educational programs?

A)behavior management
B)socioemotional development
C)physical skills
D)fine motor refinement

Question 16

Janene and Michael head a low-income family.They are concerned that their young children are not acquiring the necessary skills and experiences necessary for academic success in school.What program could address their needs?

A)Head Start
B)IDEA
C)IEP
D)504

Question 17

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act is aimed at improving student performance through:

A)parent involvement.
B)school accountability.
C)teacher training.
D)student motivation.

Question 18

Amir attends a preschool in which he independently selects activities and spends a varied amount of time on each, as he desires.His teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director.Amir most likely attends a:

A)school for the gifted.
B)Project Head Start school.
C)Montessori preschool.
D)school that emphasizes paper-and-pencil activities.

Question 19

Developmentally appropriate education is an evolving concept and varies by program.Recent changes have given more attention to:

A)those with learning disabilities.
B)IDEA policies.
C)ethnic minorities.
D)how strongly academic skills should be emphasized and taught.

Question 20

Which of the following is a criticism of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act?

A)too much emphasis is placed on social skills and creativity
B)parent accountability is overlooked
C)student achievement is too narrowly assessed
D)teacher accountability ratings are too subjective

Question 21

Entrance into formal schooling is considered important because it marks:

A)the beginning of new roles and obligations for the child.
B)a narrowing of opportunities to interact with peers.
C)a shift to self-regulation of behavior and learning.
D)the first formal opportunity for social and intellectual comparison.

Question 22

The "top-dog phenomenon" occurs when students move from the:

A)freshman to the senior level in high school.
B)top grade in elementary school to the bottom grade in middle school.
C)next-to-top grade in middle school to the top grade in middle school.
D)next-to-top grade in elementary school to the top grade in elementary school.

Question 23

About 80 percent of children with learning disabilities have issues with

A)reading.
B)math.
C)attention.
D)emotional disturbance.

Question 24

Which statement is TRUE of adult education?

A)Going back to school is a smooth transition for older students.
B)The majority of older-than-average adults taking college classes are doing so as a requirement of maintaining current employment.
C)Adults over 25 represent approximately 30 percent of college enrollment in the United States.
D)Women represent the majority of adult learners.

Question 25

One criticism of the contemporary approach to early education is that it:

A)disallows direct instruction.
B)focuses too little on academic subject areas.
C)teaches to the lowest-achieving students.
D)places too much pressure to achieve on children.

Question 26

As compared to their counterparts in the 1980s, today's college students are:

A)better prepared as entering freshmen.
B)better at coping with academic rigor.
C)more stressed and depressed.
D)less concerned about making money.

Question 27

A study of 40-year-old adults who attended Perry Preschool, a high-quality preschool program, found that most:

A)were unable to hold a steady job.
B)owned their own homes.
C)had high credit debt.
D)had not graduated from high school.

Question 28

Which ethnic group has the highest school dropout rate?

A)Latino
B)Asian American
C)African American
D)non-Latino White American

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a stressor associated with the transition to middle or junior high?

A)concerns about body image
B)entry into a larger, more impersonal school structure
C)increased responsibility
D)increased independence from direct parental monitoring

Question 30

The Carnegie Corporation issued a report in which they recommended that middle schools:

A)become smaller, more personal, and involve parents more.
B)improve student use of technology and computers to develop relevant skills needed in the future job market.
C)encompass a wider age range in order to spotlight differences in adolescent development.
D)be integrated with high schools so that older adolescents can serve as role models for younger adults.

Question 31

What is the MOST likely reason for a student to drop out of school?

A)personal reasons
B)school-related problems
C)economic problems
D)early college entrance

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a positive aspect to the transition to middle or junior high?

A)more challenging work
B)experiencing the top-dog phenomenon
C)more subjects from which to select
D)more time with peers and friends

Question 33

In a study of what makes college students happy, the "very happy" college students overall were:

A)more social.
B)more financially secure.
C)more intelligent.
D)closer to home.

Question 34

The transition from high school to college is much like the transition from elementary to middle or junior high school in that:

A)the bottom-of-the-barrel phenomenon is replayed.
B)the top-dog phenomenon is replayed.
C)separation anxiety from parents increases dramatically.
D)students will develop a close bond to instructors to compensate for less parental contact.

Question 35

The Carnegie Foundation's negative evaluation of U.S.middle schools included all but which of the following?

A)high crime rates
B)irrelevant curricula
C)lack of trust for adults
D)lack of access to counseling

Question 36

Approximately what percentage of children in the United States receives special education or related services?

A)5 percent
B)13 percent
C)22 percent
D)25 percent

Question 37

Kevin feels insignificant in his new junior high school."Kids used to look up to me, but here I'm just one of the 'little people'." Kevin is experiencing:

A)high self-efficacy.
B)clinical adolescent depression.
C)the bottom-of-the-barrel phenomenon.
D)the top-dog phenomenon.

Question 38

What happens to children's self-esteem as they proceed through early school years?

A)remains stable
B)increases
C)decreases
D)becomes more difficult to assess

Question 39

Of the children who receive special education or related services, the majority are served under what classification?

A)intellectual disability
B)emotional disturbance
C)learning disability
D)speech or language impairment

Question 40

A current trend in college education in the United States is the increasing number of students who are:

A)ethnic minorities.
B)older than traditional college age.
C)still in high school.
D)supported by student loans.

Question 41

The highest incidence of ADHD occurs in:

A)adolescents.
B)adults.
C)girls.
D)boys.

Question 42

Denise has mild nonverbal language problems and a restricted range of interests and relationships.Her mother often finds her repeating certain song lyrics over and over.Denise may have:

A)Asperger syndrome.
B)ADHD.
C)autistic disorder.
D)intellectual disability.

Question 43

Which of the following is TRUE of intervention strategies for learning disabilities?

A)Most children will benefit from intensive instruction with a competent teacher.
B)Learning disabilities are usually remediated within a year of classification.
C)Math disability interventions are the most commonly studied and understood.
D)Using a research-based intervention is a guarantee for successful remediation.

Question 44

Brain imaging techniques are being used to try and determine areas of the brain that might be associated with learning disabilities.The results indicate that learning abilities are:

A)caused by an abnormality in the cerebellum.
B)caused by an abnormality in the corpus callosum.
C)more likely due to problems in integrating information from multiple brain regions.
D)inherited from parents.

Question 45

Which of the following is TRUE of gender and learning disabilities?

A)More boys are classified as having a learning disability.
B)More girls are classified as having a learning disability.
C)There is no significant gender difference in classification of learning disabilities.
D)Boys are referred more often for assessment, but girls have higher rates of learning disabilities.

Question 46

Which of the following is a component of having a learning disability?

A)difficulty in understanding or using spoken or written language
B)emotional disorder
C)economic disadvantage
D)motor disabilities

Question 47

Which of the following is characterized by social and communication problems and repetitive behaviors?

A)dyslexia
B)emotional disturbance
C)ADHD
D)autism spectrum disorders

Question 48

A disability that involves difficulty in math computation is:

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)dysgraphia.
D)autism.

Question 49

Autism occurs in _____ individuals.

A)1 in 2,500
B)1 in 146
C)1 in 88
D)1 in 12

Question 50

Hannah attends school regularly and has average achievement in math and writing, but her reading comprehension performance is very low.Hannah has a(n):

A)poor reading teacher.
B)below-average IQ.
C)learning disability.
D)emotional disturbance.

Question 51

Drew has just been diagnosed with ADHD.Appropriate treatment should include:

A)behavioral intervention only.
B)academic intervention only.
C)medical intervention only.
D)behavioral and medical intervention.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a possible diagnosis for a child with ADHD?

A)ADHD inattentive type
B)ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type
C)ADHD impulsive type
D)ADHD combined type

Question 53

Which of the following statements about ADHD is TRUE?

A)Stimulant medication is used to treat ADHD.
B)Children with ADHD grow out of their symptoms by late adolescence.
C)Contributors to ADHD are genetic and do not include environmental factors.
D)Brain research shows no differences among the brain development of children with and without ADHD.

Question 54

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Children with ADHD have thinner cerebral cortexes than those without ADHD.
B)Researchers are exploring the role GABA might play in ADHD.
C)It is unlikely that children inherit a tendency to develop ADHD from their parents.
D)Mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy are more likely to have children with ADHD.

Question 55

ADHD stands for:

A)abnormal deficits in habituation disorder.
B)attribution depression hallucination disorder.
C)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D)abhorrent dissociation/horrent dissociation.

Question 56

Four students have suppressed math computation scores.Which one of the following has a learning disability?

A)John has average scores in all other academic areas and tested in the average range of intellectual ability.
B)Sandra is visually impaired and struggles to see the chalkboard from where she sits.
C)Alex is hearing impaired and frequently misses key details in instruction.
D)Janet is diagnosed with bipolar disorder.Her behavior impedes her ability to access the general curriculum.

Question 57

Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by severe impairment in ability to:

A)pay attention.
B)calculate math problems.
C)read.
D)process language.

Question 58

The number of children classified as having ADHD has increased dramatically over the last few decades.This phenomenon may reflect:

A)more relaxed diagnostic criteria for identification and classification.
B)incorrect diagnoses and increased awareness.
C)more accurate diagnostic practices.
D)a generation of learners who suffered brain anoxia as medically fragile newborns.

Question 59

Which drug category includes most ADHD medications?

A)selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
B)narcotics
C)depressants
D)stimulants

Question 60

The most common problem that characterizes children with a learning disability involves:

A)math.
B)critical thinking.
C)rote memorization.
D)reading.

Question 61

Sheri tackles her science project by scheduling research and writing time.She hopes to learn a lot about her topic.This is an example of which type of orientation?

A)performance
B)mastery
C)helpless
D)effort

Question 62

What do Kauffman and colleagues advocate for the education of children with disabilities?

A)self-contained special education classrooms and schools
B)home schooling
C)an individualized approach which may or may not consist of inclusion, specialized instruction, and/or adapted curricula
D)complete inclusion in regular education classrooms

Question 63

Ms.Skinner allows students who have completed their morning assignment to leave one minute early for recess.This is an example of:

A)intrinsic motivation.
B)extrinsic motivation.
C)a mastery orientation.
D)a helpless orientation.

Question 64

Marti loves learning about history and enjoys pleasing her parents with her good grades in this subject area.This is an example of which type of motivation?

A)extrinsic
B)intrinsic
C)both extrinsic and intrinsic
D)social-emotional

Question 65

Mr.Weston is a principal in a low-income high school with a majority of African American students.Which of the following most likely does NOT characterize this high school?

A)Students are enrolled in academic, college preparatory programs.
B)Students are frequently suspended from school.
C)Students frequently are recommended for enrollment in remedial and special education courses.
D)Many teachers at the school are young and inexperienced.

Question 66

Extrinsic motivation is an integral component of which developmental approach?

A)cognitive
B)psychoanalytic
C)social constructivist
D)behavioral

Question 67

Brad procrastinates starting his research paper, because he is not confident in his writing skills and doubts he can do the subject justice.This is an example of which type of orientation?

A)performance
B)mastery
C)helpless
D)effort

Question 68

Lisa has a diagnosed learning disability and is not succeeding in a regular classroom.A multidisciplinary team determines that Lisa would be better able to access the general curriculum with specialized instruction in a special education classroom.This is an example of:

A)inclusion.
B)head start.
C)a 504 accommodation plan.
D)a least restrictive environment.

Question 69

Intrinsic motivation is emphasized in which developmental approach?

A)cognitive
B)psychoanalytic
C)social constructivist
D)behavioral

Question 70

A legal written statement displaying a disabled student's unique academic plan is called a(n):

A)504 accommodation list.
B)individualized education plan.
C)best practice teaching strategy.
D)individual learning style map.

Question 71

Children with autism benefit from all of the following EXCEPT:

A)individualized instruction.
B)small-group instruction.
C)large-group instruction.
D)a well-structured classroom.

Question 72

Boys are __________ to have an autistic disorder as girls.

A)half as likely
B)equally likely
C)two times as likely
D)five times as likely

Question 73

What does IDEA stand for?

A)Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
B)Individuals with Disorders Education Act
C)Individuals with Disorders Efficacy Act
D)Individuals with Dysfunctional Emotionality Act

Question 74

Kyle has a diagnosed learning disability but receives instruction in a regular classroom.This is an example of:

A)a 504 accommodation plan.
B)a most restrictive environment.
C)inclusion.
D)head start.

Question 75

A recent study showed that _____ factors likely play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders.

A)environmental
B)genetic
C)family socialization
D)no specific

Question 76

Teachers who create circumstances for students to engage in self-determination are called _____ teachers.

A)autonomy-supportive
B)extrinsic
C)intrinsic
D)mastery

Question 77

Barry's goal is to obtain a 4.0 GPA this semester.He completes several extra-credit assignments to ensure success but doesn't internalize a lot of what he has learned.This is an example of which type of orientation?

A)achievement
B)mastery
C)performance
D)effort

Question 78

Stuart has a learning disability and is educated in the least restrictive environment.This means that Stuart:

A)spends the entire school day in a self-contained special education classroom.
B)has an IEP that addresses the educational setting in which he is best able to access the general curriculum.
C)is only allowed to attend nonacademic instruction (art, P.E., etc.) with nondisabled peers.
D)will have fewer rules and restrictions than nondisabled peers.

Question 79

IDEA requires:

A)mainstreaming of all handicapped children.
B)special classes for all handicapped children.
C)a free and appropriate education for all children with disabilities.
D)the same daily activities for both handicapped and nonhandicapped children.

Question 80

Which type of motivation is MOST likely to produce high levels of competition?

A)extrinsic
B)intrinsic
C)attribution
D)a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic