Deck 8: Intelligence

Question 1

To be effective, IQ scores should be:

A)confirmed accurate by having an independent observer present during test administration.
B)considered a single aspect of evaluation in conjunction with other information about the individual.
C)given to all of the examinee's teachers so they know what to expect from a student.
D)ratified by having more than one test administered by different examiners.

Answer 1

considered a single aspect of evaluation in conjunction with other information about the individual.

Question 2

The French Ministry of Education asked Alfred Binet to create a method to determine which students:

A)would not profit from typical school instruction.
B)should be placed in advanced courses.
C)should be placed in residential facilities for the mentally retarded.
D)would benefit from job apprenticeships.

Answer 2

would not profit from typical school instruction.

Question 3

The Stanford-Binet has been shown to produce scores that approximate a normal distribution.This means that most test takers score:

A)in the extreme high end of the range of possible scores.
B)in the middle of the range of possible scores.
C)in the extreme low end of the range of possible scores.
D)better on non-verbal responses than verbal responses.

Answer 3

in the middle of the range of possible scores.

Question 4

Mr.Nanchet supervises a Future Business Leaders of America club and admits only those who score in the top 15 percent on an intelligence test because he feels that these students have the most potential to enter successful business careers.This use of an intelligence test is:

A)appropriate, because high scores correlate well with future career success.
B)inappropriate, because high scores are only moderately correlated with future job prestige and work performance.
C)appropriate, because the careers of those with lower scores will not be influenced by the additional education and experience this type of club will offer.
D)inappropriate, because the test must be given at least twice to determine stability of intelligence and to better predict career success.

Question 5

A bright child's _____ age is considerably above his or her _____ age.

A)academic; social
B)social; academic
C)mental; chronological
D)chronological age; mental

Question 6

Mary Ann scored a little above average on a general IQ test.She is a highly motivated, hard-working college graduate.Her performance in the workplace most likely will be:

A)successful, because a range of factors predicts the majority of job success, including motivation and education.
B)average, as predicted by her average IQ test results.
C)below average, because IQ scores significantly correlate with work performance.
D)disappointing, because her average intelligence will undermine her enthusiasm.

Question 7

What are the content areas of the current Stanford-Binet intelligence test?

A)mental age and chronological age
B)verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full-scale IQ
C)musical aptitude, numerical ability, and visual-perceptual skill
D)fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial reasoning, and working memory

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the predictive validity of intelligence tests?

A)Scores are inversely correlated with work performance.
B)Scores do not correlate with the number of years of education the individual will obtain.
C)Scores do not correlate with academic achievement even at the time of testing.
D)Scores correlate with school grades and achievement test performance at the time of testing and years later.

Question 9

A person's IQ, as measured on one of the Wechsler scales, is:

A)a combination of a verbal and nonverbal IQ scores.
B)primarily a measure of one's mathematical ability.
C)a good measure of ability to adapt to one's environment.
D)likely to change a great deal.

Question 10

IQ scores should be considered with caution because:

A)it is easy for examinees to cheat on these tests.
B)emotional quotient is more predictive of academic and job success than IQ.
C)many examiners falsify results.
D)scores can lead to false expectations and generalizations.

Question 11

Who would support the notion that intelligence involves using the tools of the culture with help from mentors?

A)Robert Sternberg
B)Alfred Binet
C)Sir Frances Galton
D)Lev Vygotsky

Question 12

Who proposed that practical knowledge should be considered part of intelligence?

A)Robert Sternberg
B)Alfred Binet
C)Sir Frances Galton
D)Lev Vygotsky

Question 13

What was the original numerical concept of an intelligence quotient?

A)chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100
B)mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100
C)chronological age multiplied by 100
D)mental age divided by chronological age

Question 14

The effectiveness of a psychological test primarily depends on the:

A)age of the examinee.
B)testing conditions.
C)knowledge, skill, and integrity of the examiner.
D)anxiety level of the examiner.

Question 15

There are many definitions of intelligence.Which of the following is the designation used in the textbook?

A)the ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from experiences
B)creativity and interpersonal skills
C)mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100
D)a concrete number determined by an intelligence test

Question 16

Who coined the term "intelligence quotient"?

A)Alfred Binet
B)Robert Sternberg
C)William Stern
D)Sir Frances Galton

Question 17

Who developed the concept of mental age?

A)Sir Frances Galton
B)David Wechsler
C)Alfred Binet
D)Robert Sternberg

Question 18

Who developed the WISC, WAIS, and WWPSI intelligence tests?

A)David Wechsler
B)Alfred Binet
C)Sir Frances Galton
D)William Stern

Question 19

Who proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A)Robert Sternberg
B)David Wechsler
C)Alfred Binet
D)William Stern

Question 20

The term individual differences, as discussed in the text, refers to:

A)differences among individuals that change over time.
B)the relative strengths and weaknesses within an individual.
C)day-to-day changes in an individual's knowledge and skills.
D)differences among individuals that are stable over time.

Question 21

Gemmy is a journalist and is trying to finish writing her first novel.According to Gardner, she most likely has good _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)intrapersonal
C)verbal
D)interpersonal

Question 22

Eman's test scores are not high, but he solves problems in unique, insightful ways.Which Sternberg area is a strength for him?

A)creative
B)analytical
C)practical
D)verbal

Question 23

According to Gardner, Charles Darwin is high in _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)mathematical
C)verbal
D)naturalist

Question 24

Malian took dance for many years but stopped once she entered medical school.Now a highly regarded surgeon, she no longer has time to dance.According to Gardner, she is strong in _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)bodily kinesthetic
C)naturalist
D)interpersonal

Question 25

Snea works as an engineer and her brother is an accountant.According to Gardner, they are both most likely strong in _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)mathematical
C)verbal
D)interpersonal

Question 26

Which statement MOST closely matches Gardner's theory of intelligence?

A)Humans have multiple factors that combine to produce an overall intelligence.
B)Humans have multiple intelligences only some of which are measured by IQ tests.
C)Environmental enrichment during a critical period can raise intelligence as much as one standard deviation.
D)Brain mapping, not IQ tests, gives us the most accurate measure of an individual's cognitive strengths.

Question 27

Colin does not earn high scores on standardized tests but has a black belt in martial arts.According to Gardner, Colin has _____ skills.

A)spatial
B)intrapersonal
C)bodily-kinesthetic
D)interpersonal

Question 28

Spencer loves to sail and plays chess for fun.According to Gardner, he is most likely strong in _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)mathematical
C)verbal
D)interpersonal

Question 29

Russell's test scores are low, but he quickly grasps real-life problems and could be called "street smart." Which Sternberg area is a strength for him?

A)creative
B)analytical
C)practical
D)verbal

Question 30

Sternberg and Gardner's philosophies are similar in that they consider intelligence to be:

A)biologically determined.
B)nonverbal.
C)multiple-factored.
D)behavior-based.

Question 31

Tanisha scores high on traditional intelligence tests due to her strong memory, decision-making skills, and problem-solving abilities.Which Sternberg area is a strength for her?

A)creative
B)analytical
C)practical
D)verbal

Question 32

Gardner's newest proposed type of intelligence is:

A)intrapersonal.
B)interpersonal.
C)existentialist.
D)spatial.

Question 33

Marcus taught elementary school for several years before pursuing a career as a mental health counselor within the education system.According to Gardner, he is most likely strong in _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)verbal
C)intrapersonal
D)interpersonal

Question 34

Ms.Foyle employs multiple intelligence theory in her classroom because she believes that by exploring many cognitive domains children will:

A)increase their IQ score by at least five points in one school year.
B)increase critical-thinking skills.
C)get better achievement scores.
D)discover relative strengths and find something at which they excel.

Question 35

Gardner's concepts of ____ intelligence are most closely related to the traditional IQ test.

A)spatial and verbal
B)mathematical and spatial
C)verbal and bodily kinesthetic
D)interpersonal and intrapersonal

Question 36

According to Gardner, psychologists should be high in _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)verbal
C)intrapersonal
D)interpersonal

Question 37

Someone who suffers localized brain damage may maintain functioning in other cognitive domains.This supports Gardner's contention that:

A)people have multiple intelligences.
B)environment influences intelligence more than biology does.
C)overall intelligence can be low, but specific area skills will compensate and produce average functioning.
D)analytical, creative, and practical skills are not confined to certain areas of the physical brain.

Question 38

Which of the following types of intelligence are included in Sternberg's theory?

A)verbal and non-verbal
B)analytical, creative, and practical
C)verbal, mathematical, spatial, musical, intrapersonal, and interpersonal
D)emotional, natural, and linguistic

Question 39

According to Sternberg, students with which of the following abilities tend to be favored in conventional schools?

A)practical
B)creative
C)analytical
D)emotional

Question 40

According to Gardner, philosophers demonstrate a form of _____ intelligence.

A)verbal
B)existential
C)intrapersonal
D)interpersonal

Question 41

Many intelligence tests are biased because they:

A)test predominantly nonverbal skills.
B)use standardized administration procedures.
C)reflect the cultures of some test takers more than others.
D)use only standardized test items familiar to all test takers.

Question 42

Which of the following would typically not be considered in the development of a culturally fair test?

A)ethnic background
B)socioeconomic status
C)family structure
D)language differences

Question 43

Which of the following statements is NOT true about early intervention programs?

A)The effects are strongest for poor children.
B)The benefits are no longer present after elementary school.
C)High-quality center-based interventions improve intelligence and school achievement.
D)The effects are strongest for children whose parents have little education.

Question 44

The term that Goleman, Salvoy, and Mayer use for the ability to perceive, express, understand, use, and manage feelings is:

A)interpersonal intelligence.
B)emotional intelligence.
C)social intelligence.
D)practical intelligence.

Question 45

Which part of the brain is MOST linked with high intelligence?

A)prefrontal cortex
B)temporal lobe
C)occipital lobe
D)hippocampus

Question 46

Critics of emotional intelligence argue that:

A)it broadens the concept of intelligence too widely.
B)it can't be assessed and researched.
C)it favors girls and women.
D)emotion is based on temperament, not intelligence.

Question 47

Rapidly increasing IQ test scores around the world point to the influence of environmental factors.This phenomenon is called the:

A)media effect.
B)Flynn effect.
C)Chapel Hill effect.
D)information effect.

Question 48

Some experts who support the notion of general intelligence believe that people also have specialized abilities such as spatial and mechanical skills.These skills comprise:

A)specific intelligence.
B)general intelligence.
C)emotional intelligence.
D)nonverbal intelligence.

Question 49

Einstein's total brain size was

A)average.
B)below average.
C)above average.
D)Einstein's brain was never measured.

Question 50

Cross-cultural studies have indicated that _____ and _____ intelligence can develop independently and may even conflict with each other.

A)general; specific
B)analytical; creative
C)practical; academic
D)crystallized; fluid

Question 51

Critics of multiple intelligences argue that:

A)it focuses too heavily on gross motor skills.
B)it focuses too heavily on logical reasoning skills.
C)the classifications are too arbitrary.
D)students from diverse backgrounds are excluded.

Question 52

What is the BEST explanation for why minorities achieve lower scores on IQ tests?

A)environment
B)heredity
C)racism
D)unfair scoring

Question 53

Which of the following children would benefit MOST from a high-quality early intervention that includes education, parenting programs, and support services?

A)children living below the poverty line
B)children with access to excellent schools, books, and travel
C)children whose parents have a bachelor's degree
D)children with high IQ

Question 54

In the nature versus nurture debate regarding intelligence, it is safe to say that intelligence:

A)is 50 percent biological and 50 percent environmental.
B)has a strong genetic influence but may be significantly influenced by environmental conditions.
C)is solely influenced by environment.
D)is randomly acquired.

Question 55

In one study, the amount parents communicated with their children was _____ correlated to Stanford-Binet IQ scores.

A)positively
B)negatively
C)not
D)inversely

Question 56

According to Nathan Brody, abstract reasoning, the capacity to acquire knowledge, and problem-solving ability comprises:

A)specific intelligence.
B)general intelligence.
C)emotional intelligence.
D)nonverbal intelligence.

Question 57

What is the heritability of intelligence?

A).50
B)1.00
C).75
D).25

Question 58

Which of the following is the BEST example of a culturally fair test question?

A)"Why do farmers use tractors?"
B)"What should you do if you find a 3-year-old child in the street?"
C)"Why do individuals buy automobile insurance?"
D)"How is a cat and a dog alike?"

Question 59

The portion of the variance in a population that is attributed to genes is known as:

A)genotype.
B)genetic mapping.
C)the Flynn effect.
D)heritability.

Question 60

Sternberg's and Gardner's theories of intelligence are alike in that both:

A)stress the ability to adapt to novel situations.
B)include one or more categories related to social intelligence.
C)hypothesize a single-factor theory of intelligence.
D)stress the ability to quickly identify and remember patterns.

Question 61

An adult in middle age will do MOST poorly on which of the following tasks?

A)test of vocabulary
B)completing a crossword puzzle
C)hitting the brakes when the light turns red
D)lifting a box that weighs 20 pounds

Question 62

John Horn believes that _____ intelligence continues to increase throughout the life span, whereas _____ intelligence begins to decline in middle adulthood.

A)analytical; practical
B)specific; general
C)crystallized; fluid
D)fluid; crystallized

Question 63

According to Baltes, the "hardware" or neurophysiological architecture of the brain is called:

A)cognitive mechanics.
B)cognitive pragmatics.
C)crystallized structures.
D)fluid structures.

Question 64

When Schaie assessed intellectual abilities cross-sectionally and longitudinally, which two abilities declined in middle age?

A)vocabulary and verbal memory
B)numerical ability and perceptual speed
C)inductive reasoning and spatial orientation
D)fluid and crystallized intelligence

Question 65

According to Baltes, the culture-based "software programs" of the mind are called:

A)cognitive mechanics.
B)cognitive pragmatics.
C)crystallized structures.
D)fluid structures.

Question 66

On the Bayley mental scale, 6-month-old Joshua should be able to:

A)vocalize pleasure and displeasure.
B)inhibit behavior when directed to do so.
C)imitate words the examiner says.
D)respond to simple requests such as lifting his arm.

Question 67

The verbal section of the Wechsler IQ tests is most closely related to the concept of _____ intelligence, while the performance section is closely related to _____ intelligence.

A)analytical; practical
B)specific; general
C)crystallized; fluid
D)fluid; crystallized

Question 68

According to John Horn, the ability to reason abstractly is _____ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)naturalistic
C)crystallized
D)specific

Question 69

Which if the following is NOT a characteristic seen in infants that correlate with intelligence?

A)habituation
B)selective attention
C)preference for novelty
D)attachment

Question 70

In one study, the correlation coefficient of measured IQ at ages 8 and 10 was .88.This shows a _____ correlation.

A)strong inverse
B)strong positive
C)weak inverse
D)weak positive

Question 71

Dr.Smith is conducting a research study on intelligence.He gathers samples of 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year-old participants and compares their results on an IQ test.What type of research is Dr.Smith conducting?

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)correlational
D)naturalistic-observation

Question 72

According to John Horn, an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills comprise _____ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)crystallized
C)abstract
D)specific

Question 73

Baby Camille is given a series of pictures to look at.Some of these pictures she has seen before and others are new.The amount of time she spends looking at each picture is calculated to measure her intelligence.What test is being given?

A)Fagan test
B)Apgar Scale
C)Bayley Scale
D)DQ test

Question 74

By Ken's first birthday, he should be able to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)imitate words an examiner says.
B)respond to simple requests.
C)jump rope for 1 minute.
D)inhibit behavior when commanded to do so.

Question 75

A reasonable explanation for why 40-year-olds and 60-year-olds show differences in intelligence test scores is due to:

A)secular trends.
B)cohort effects.
C)declining IQ with age.
D)biases in IQ testing.

Question 76

On average, how do African American and Latino children score on IQ tests when compared to children from non-Latino White families?

A)There is no significant difference in scores.
B)10 to 15 points higher
C)10 to 15 points lower
D)20 to 25 points lower

Question 77

Dr.Anderson is interested in how attention changes with age.He gathers a sample of 5-year-olds and tests them twice a year until they are 30.What type of study is Dr.Anderson conducting?

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)correlational
D)naturalistic observation

Question 78

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, middle age is a time of:

A)peak performance for vocabulary.
B)great decline for inductive reasoning.
C)moderate decline for spatial abilities.
D)increased mathematical abilities.

Question 79

What are the five components of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

A)resilience, attention, self-regulation, perception, and adaptive
B)self-control, interactivity, language, attention, and social
C)cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive
D)motor, temperament, communication, visual patterning, and interaction

Question 80

The Fagan test uses the amount of time an infant looks at a _____ compared with the amount of time he/she looks at a _____ to estimate intelligence.

A)familiar object; new object
B)face; black and white pattern
C)animal; human
D)parent; stranger