Deck 8: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Religious delusions of having committed a sin are more common among individuals with schizophrenia from _____.

A) remote Pacific islands
B) the United States
C) Japan
D) Germany

Answer 1

Germany

Question 2

Psychosis refers to knowing the difference between:

A) right and wrong.
B) conscious and unconscious desires.
C) what is real and what is not real.
D) pleasure and pain.

Answer 2

what is real and what is not real.

Question 3

People with _____ may believe that the comments of a local politician at a rally are directed at them.

A) delusions of thought insertion
B) somatic delusions
C) delusions of reference
D) grandiose delusion

Answer 3

delusions of reference

Question 4

_____ are ideas that an individual believes are true but are highly unlikely and often simply impossible.

A) Hallucinations
B) Psychoses
C) Deceptions
D) Delusions

Question 5

Hallucinations are:

A) unreal perceptual experiences.
B) beliefs that have no basis in reality.
C) odd ways of thinking.
D) thought insertions.

Question 6

Sebastian believes his neighbor is watching him and waiting for a chance to steal his stamp collection. This false belief would be considered a _____.

A) somatic delusion
B) delusion of reference
C) persecutory delusion.
D) grandiose delusion

Question 7

Although she has never met the actor Chris Rock, June believes that he is in love with her. This is an example of a _____.

A) hallucination
B) paranoia
C) deception
D) delusion

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common hallucination?

A) Visual
B) Auditory
C) Olfactory
D) Tactile

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about the difference between self-deceptions and delusions?

A) Delusions are possible, whereas self-deceptions often are not.
B) People harboring delusions think about their beliefs occasionally, but people with self-deceptions are constantly preoccupied with their beliefs.
C) People harboring self-deceptions attempt to convince others of these beliefs, but delusional people do no such thing.
D) People harboring self-deceptions typically acknowledge that their beliefs may be wrong, but delusional people often are resistant to arguments that contradict their delusions.

Question 10

What percentage of people diagnosed with psychotic disorders seek treatment in a mental health or general medicine facility in a given year?

A) 40 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 80 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 11

Fred believes that the FBI has put a wiretap on his phone and that they are trying to entrap him. Most likely, Fred is experiencing a _____.

A) thought insertion
B) somatic delusion
C) grandiose delusion
D) persecutory delusion

Question 12

Faith believes that she is the reincarnation of Cleopatra. Faith is most likely suffering from _____.

A) persecutory delusions
B) delusions of thought control
C) grandiose delusion
D) delusions of reference

Question 13

According to the study conducted by Torrey (2006), the majority of people with schizophrenia:

A) are in rehabilitation centers or prisons.
B) are housed in shelters or live on the streets.
C) reside in supervised living facilities.
D) live independently or with their families.

Question 14

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A) Restricted affect
B) Hallucinations
C) Anhedonia
D) Avolition

Question 15

Jeff believes that aliens from a parallel universe are controlling his thoughts. Jeff is most likely experiencing a _____.

A) persecutory delusion
B) delusion of thought insertion
C) grandiose delusion
D) delusion of reference

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Hallucination
B) Disorganized thought
C) Avolition
D) Long-term amnesia

Question 17

A person with schizophrenia:

A) will only experience delusions with the same theme.
B) can only experience one delusion at time.
C) always experiences a persecutory delusion.
D) can experience several different delusions at the same time.

Question 18

Which of the following is the most common type of delusion?

A) Persecutory delusions
B) Somatic delusions
C) Delusions of grandeur
D) Thought insertions

Question 19

It is estimated that, within the United States, _____ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia at some time in their lives.

A) 1 to 2
B) 5 to 10
C) 10 to 20
D) 25 to 30

Question 20

Delusions are to _____ as hallucinations are to _____.

A) perceptions; thoughts
B) thoughts; feelings
C) thoughts; perceptions
D) perceptions; feelings

Question 21

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A) Catatonia
B) Derailment
C) Avolition
D) Delusions

Question 22

_____ are words that mean something only to the person speaking them.

A) Neologisms
B) Alogia
C) Word salads
D) Clangs

Question 23

A severe reduction or complete absence of emotional responses to the environment in people with schizophrenia is called _____.

A) derailment
B) word salad
C) restricted affect
D) neologism

Question 24

The DSM-5 states that in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, an individual must show two or more symptoms of the psychosis consistently for at least _____.

A) two weeks
B) one month
C) six months
D) one year

Question 25

Jerry hears voices accusing him of being a serial rapist. This is a(n) _____ hallucination.

A) somatic
B) auditory
C) visual
D) tactile

Question 26

A lack of responsiveness to the outside world is referred to as _____ in patients with schizophrenia.

A) disorganization
B) catatonia
C) disassociation
D) withdrawal

Question 27

Stanley has experienced a loss of the ability to experience pleasure. Stanley is most likely exhibiting _____.

A) avolition
B) anhedonia
C) aphasia
D) alogia

Question 28

It is difficult to understand what Carter is saying because he tends to slip from one topic to a seemingly unrelated topic with little coherent transition. Carter is exhibiting _____.

A) clang association
B) derailment
C) avolition
D) alogia

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of Eugen Bleuler's views on schizophrenia?

A) He viewed schizophrenia as a consequence of the splitting of distinct personalities.
B) He believed that schizophrenia involved the splitting of integrated psychic functions.
C) He argued that schizophrenia manifests due to the merging of unassociated threads.
D) He accepted that this disorder always leads to severe deterioration of the brain.

Question 30

A person with schizophrenia may exhibit disorganized speech patterns that are completely incoherent to listeners. This is known as _____.

A) blunted affect
B) alogia
C) avolition
D) word salad

Question 31

Tabitha believes that an alien being is growing inside of her. Tabitha is most likely experiencing a(n)_____ hallucination.

A) visual
B) somatic
C) auditory
D) tactile

Question 32

Harry has difficulty remembering information. He cannot hold information in his memory long enough to manipulate and process it. Harry is most likely having difficulty with _____.

A) long-term memory
B) retrograde amnesia
C) working memory
D) neural sensory registers

Question 33

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is described as an inability to initiate or persist at common, goal-directed activities, including those at work, school, and home?

A) Alogia
B) Avolition
C) Affected flattening
D) Blunted affect

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true about the gender differences in disorganized thought and speech symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Women with schizophrenia tend to show more severe deficits in language than do men with schizophrenia.
B) Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia may not affect women's language and thought as much as they do men's because women can use both sides of their brain to compensate for problems.
C) Compared to women, language deficits are less apparent in men with schizophrenia owing to the fact that language is controlled more bilaterally in men.
D) Language is more localized in men, so when the areas of the brain associated with language are affected by schizophrenia, men are better able to compensate for the deficits than women.

Question 35

The psychiatrist credited with labeling schizophrenia as dementia praecox was _____.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Emil Kraepelin
C) Joseph Breuer
D) Eugene Bleuler

Question 36

Judith was experiencing sleep deprivation and thought that spiders were crawling on her skin. Judith was most likely experiencing a(n)_____.

A) olfactory hallucination
B) auditory hallucination
C) somatic hallucination
D) tactile hallucination

Question 37

Ethel's conversations are hard to follow. She doesn't stay on the same topic, and there is no logical transition between topics. Ethel's speech is an example of _____.

A) derailment
B) alogia
C) neologism
D) avolition

Question 38

T.J. was asked if he liked the song that was playing on the radio. His response was, "song too long, long to wrong, wrong not right, right not fight." This is known as _____.

A) a word salad
B) a neologism
C) alogia
D) clangs

Question 39

Emil Kraepelin gave the label "dementia praecox" to the disorder now known as schizophrenia because he believed that the disorder resulted from:

A) brain trauma.
B) a chronic deficit of neurotransmitters in the brain.
C) premature deterioration of the brain.
D) increased consumption of alcohol.

Question 40

Schizophrenia was initially referred to as _____.

A) psychotic mania
B) dementia praecox
C) multiple personality disorder
D) catatonia

Question 41

Jamal believes that he is being followed but shows no other psychotic symptoms. Other than his delusion, he does not act oddly or have difficulty functioning. He is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

A) delusional
B) schizophrenia spectrum
C) brief psychotic
D) schizophreniform

Question 42

Compared to people with schizophrenia in developed countries, people with schizophrenia in developing countries:

A) are more likely to have a sole caretaker.
B) tend to have families that are more intrusive, hostile, and over-involved.
C) are more likely to remain incapacitated by the disorder in the long term.
D) may have social environments that facilitate better adaptation and recovery.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of delusional disorder?

A) Individuals have delusions that last at least one month, but do not show any other symptoms of schizophrenia.
B) In addition to delusions, individuals also exhibit at least one other positive symptom of schizophrenia.
C) It appears to affect men more than women.
D) Its onset tends to be earlier in life than most disorders.

Question 44

What is the concordance rate for schizophrenia in monozygotic (MZ) twins?

A) 12 percent for mild forms of schizophrenia
B) Between 35 and 50 percent for the most severe forms of schizophrenia
C) Compiled results of several studies indicate a rate of 46 percent
D) Compiled results of several studies indicate a rate of 14 percent

Question 45

The odd and eccentric behaviors seen in schizophrenia can resemble the symptoms of _____ disorder.

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) autism spectrum
C) histrionic personality
D) somatic symptom

Question 46

Which of the following is true about factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia?

A) Strong evidence for a single genetic component to schizophrenia exists and fully explains the connection between genetics and the disorder.
B) All people with schizophrenia show structural and functional abnormalities in the brain including highly active prefrontal cortex and smaller ventricles.
C) Prenatal and birth difficulties have been implicated as factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia.
D) Prenatal exposure to viruses during the third trimester of gestation decreases the risk of developing schizophrenia as it allows the fetal immune system to build resistance.

Question 47

When are residual symptoms most evident?

A) During the acute phase of the disorder
B) During the catatonic phase of the disorder
C) After the acute phase of the disorder
D) Prior to onset of the acute phase of the disorder

Question 48

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia:

A) are only seen in the acute phase of the disorder.
B) are most prominent in the prodromal and residual phases.
C) are present during the premorbid level of functioning.
D) are present only in the disorganized type of schizophrenia.

Question 49

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is a person most likely to overcome with the help of medication?

A) Avolition
B) Restricted affect
C) Alogia
D) Hallucinations

Question 50

Calista shows a pervasive pattern of social deficits and has a great deal of discomfort in close relationships. Her coworkers describe her as odd as she speaks in a peculiar manner, is often suspicious, and is inappropriate in her display of emotion. However, a diagnosis reveals no psychosis. Calista is most likely suffering from _____ disorder.

A) delusional
B) schizophrenia spectrum
C) schizotypal personality
D) schizophreniform

Question 51

Which of the following is true about the prognosis for people with schizophrenia?

A) 35 to 50 percent of the people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide.
B) 50 and 80 percent of the people with schizophrenia will be re-hospitalized at a later point in their lives for another episode.
C) Most people with schizophrenia show a progressive deterioration in functioning across their life span.
D) People with schizophrenia tend to suffer from fewer infectious and circulatory diseases than those without psychopathology.

Question 52

In the DSM-5, schizotypal personality disorder is recognized as a part of _____.

A) personality disorders
B) schizophrenia spectrum disorders
C) disorders of cognition
D) both personality disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Question 53

Prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia are evident:

A) during the acute phase of the disorder.
B) when the disorder is in remission.
C) after the acute phase.
D) prior to onset of the acute phase.

Question 54

Carlos has always functioned well but shows symptoms of schizophrenia for one to six months without the restricted affect. His prognosis is good, but he will most likely be diagnosed as having _____ disorder.

A) schizophreniform
B) schizoaffective
C) delusional
D) brief psychotic

Question 55

Most theorists view schizophrenia as a _____ disorder.

A) neurodevelopmental
B) psychological
C) social
D) existential

Question 56

Julia suddenly experienced delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech, but these symptoms lasted for only 3 days. She is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

A) schizoaffective
B) schizophreniform
C) delusional
D) brief psychotic

Question 57

According to the research of Irving Gottesman, which of the following children are at highest risk of developing schizophrenia?

A) A child with two biological parents and a monozygotic (MZ) twin who are schizophrenic
B) A child with two adoptive parents and a monozygotic (MZ) twin who are schizophrenic
C) A child with two biological parents and a dizygotic (DZ) twin who are schizophrenic
D) A child with one biological parent and a dizygotic (DZ) twin who are schizophrenic

Question 58

Compared to men with schizophrenia, women with schizophrenia:

A) tend to develop the disorder during their late teens or early 20s.
B) are hospitalized more often and for longer periods of time.
C) have poorer social adjustment when they are not psychotic.
D) show milder negative symptoms between periods of active-phase symptoms.

Question 59

Lawrence experienced delusions and hallucinations for two weeks and also had a manic episode following this two-week period. He continues to experience delusions and hallucinations. Lawrence will most likely receive a diagnosis of _____.

A) mood disorder with psychotic features
B) schizoaffective disorder
C) shared psychotic disorder
D) schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Question 60

With regard to updates made in the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT true with respect to schizophrenia?

A) Delusions and/or hallucinations must be present.
B) The subtypes have been eliminated.
C) There is evidence of continued disturbance for at least six months.
D) Only the paranoid subtype still exists.

Question 61

When monozygotic (MZ) twins who were discordant for schizophrenia were compared with MZ twins who both had schizophrenia, researchers found that the MZ twins discordant for schizophrenia:

A) possessed additional genetic material not found in members of the control group.
B) had the exact same DNA structure, thereby implicating environmental factors.
C) showed numerous differences in the molecular structure of their DNA.
D) had few, but noticeable, variations in their genetic makeup.

Question 62

According to one of the cognitive perspectives, negative symptoms of schizophrenia arise from:

A) a hypersensitivity to perceptual input.
B) a tendency to attribute experiences to external sources.
C) the need to withdraw and conserve scarce cognitive resources.
D) beliefs that social interactions do not matter.

Question 63

Oxygen deprivation during labor and delivery is known as _____.

A) perinatal hypoxia
B) anoxia
C) fetal oxygen deficit syndrome
D) oxycephaly

Question 64

Social drift refers to the:

A) impoverished social conditions that cause symptoms of schizophrenia.
B) tendency of people with schizophrenia to willingly isolate themselves, thus drifting away from social relationships.
C) likelihood that people with schizophrenia will be neglected by society.
D) tendency of people with schizophrenia to drift downward in social class.

Question 65

Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to play a role in schizophrenia?

A) Dopamine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Epinephrine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 66

New research indicates that the interaction between _____ and dopamine is critical in schizophrenia.

A) adrenal
B) cortisol
C) serotonin
D) norepinephrine

Question 67

Which of the following is true about the neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia?

A) Excess dopamine activity in the amygdala and unusually low dopamine activity in the frontal cortex play a role in schizophrenia.
B) Research suggests that the interaction between serotonin and dopamine are not critical in schizophrenia.
C) Research suggests that glutamate neurons do not affect brain activities of people with schizophrenia.
D) Excess dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway and unusually low dopamine activity in the prefrontal area play a role in schizophrenia.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of expressed emotion and relapse in patients with schizophrenia?

A) Therapists have no difficulty changing entrenched communication patterns between patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers.
B) Delusions and hallucinations will elicit more negative expressed emotion from family members than blunted affect or lack of motivation.
C) Hostility observed in some family members indicate that negative symptoms of the person with schizophrenia are learned behaviors.
D) Interventions that reduce family expressed emotion tend to reduce the relapse rate in schizophrenic family members.

Question 69

Which of the following treatments was used in the 1930s to treat schizophrenia?

A) Insulin coma therapy
B) Epileptic therapy
C) Seizure shock therapy
D) Convulsive therapy

Question 70

Psychosocial factors such as stress and certain types of family functioning can:

A) trigger episodes of schizophrenia even in individuals without an existing predisposition to the disorder.
B) cause schizophrenia only if chronic life stress and poor family functioning are both present together.
C) not affect the severity of schizophrenic symptoms if the person is on a proper dosage of medication.
D) cause a relapse of symptoms in those who already have the disorder.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is NOT true of dopamine and schizophrenia?

A) Several lines of evidence have supported the original dopamine theory that symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by excess levels of dopamine in the frontal lobe and limbic system.
B) Phenothiazines and neuroleptics increase the functional level of dopamine, which helps to reduce psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.
C) The traditional theory was proved too simple, and evidence supports that many people with schizophrenia do not respond to Phenothiazines, which may indicate that other neurotransmitters are involved in the disorder.
D) Critics of the original dopamine theory argue that the theory does not adequately explain the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT true about the families of people with schizophrenia?

A) A person living with a family that is low on criticism is more likely to develop the full syndrome of schizophrenia.
B) A person with schizophrenia is less likely to slip into relapse if his family is high in expressed emotion.
C) Critics of the expressed-emotion theory argue that the hostility and intrusiveness observed in families of people with schizophrenia might be the result of schizophrenic symptoms rather than contributors to relapse.
D) Families tend to be more forgiving of the negative symptoms of the individual with schizophrenia than positive emotions because negative emotions appear uncontrollable.

Question 73

Jack, a four-year-old boy, had a paper cut his finger. His mother kissed his finger gently and soothed him. But once Jack stopped crying, she said "you're so clumsy, can't you do anything right?" This is an example of _____.

A) a double bind
B) thought insertion
C) derailment
D) avolition

Question 74

The _____ is important in language, emotional expression, planning, and carrying out plans, while the _____ plays a critical role in the formation of long-term memories.

A) thalamus; hypothalamus
B) prefrontal cortex; hippocampus
C) hippocampus; prefrontal cortex
D) hypothalamus; thalamus

Question 75

People with schizophrenia who have enlarged ventricles:

A) are more likely to be women than men.
B) are less responsive to medication.
C) show an increase in volume of the prefrontal areas of the brain.
D) tend to have milder symptoms than other people with schizophrenia.

Question 76

Goldberg and Morrison's (1963) study of socioeconomic class and men with schizophrenia revealed that:

A) men with schizophrenia tended to end up in higher socioeconomic classes than their brothers.
B) men with schizophrenia tended to end up in the same socioeconomic class as their fathers.
C) men with schizophrenia tended to end up in lower socioeconomic classes than their fathers.
D) socioeconomic class was not impacted and thus is not a contributing factor to the disorder.

Question 77

The term "schizophrenogenic mother" refers to:

A) a mother with one or more children who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.
B) the idea that a mother is both overprotective of and rejecting toward her child, and this relationship creates schizophrenia in the child.
C) mothers with schizophrenia who have extremely poor interpersonal skills.
D) a mother's hospitalization because of repeated full-blown schizophrenic episodes.

Question 78

Which of the following is true of the role of environmental stressors in the development of schizophrenia?

A) There is no correlation between the development of full-blown schizophrenia and environmental factors.
B) Stressful circumstances may not cause someone to develop schizophrenia but they may trigger new episodes in people with the disorder.
C) Approximately 50 percent of the people who present with schizophrenia have been exposed to an environmental stressor.
D) Environmental stressors only affect the less debilitating symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 79

Which of the following statements is true of the psychosocial perspectives of schizophrenia?

A) Several studies have shown that people with schizophrenia are more likely to have been born in a small town than in a large city.
B) Torrey and Yolken argued that the link between urban living and psychosis is not due to overcrowding, but due to stress.
C) Studies have shown that first- and second-generation immigrants have a higher incidence of acute schizophrenia symptoms than members of their ethnic group who have been in the country longer or who are native to the country.
D) Studies suggest that many of the life events that people with schizophrenia experience prior to relapse actually may be caused by the residual symptoms.

Question 80

Which of the following is a cognitive strategy for treating clients with schizophrenia?

A) Teaching family members normal patterns of communication
B) Training the client to attend to, and perceive, the subtleties of communication
C) Teaching patients ways of disputing their delusional beliefs or hallucinatory experiences
D) Removing the client from the stressful settings where communication is difficult