Deck 6: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

Question 1

Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered their somatization symptoms?

A) Psychodynamic
B) Cognitive-behavioral
C) Behavioral
D) Existential

Answer 1

Psychodynamic

Question 2

The _____ disorders are a group of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause.

A) dissociative
B) psychotic
C) adjustment
D) somatic symptom

Answer 2

somatic symptom

Question 3

Marcus spends a lot of time at his physician's clinic to deal with the pain in his abdomen. He has had several gastrointestinal tests as well as other diagnostic tests taken, but the doctors can find nothing to explain his pain. He spends much time worrying about his mystery pain is something serious. Marcus is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ disorder.

A) illness anxiety
B) somatic symptom
C) dissociative
D) acute stress

Answer 3

somatic symptom

Question 4

Sherry believes that she has a serious illness. She has had severe headaches and tremors for several days with no relief from traditional over-the-counter medicines. Her visit to the doctor revealed no organic reason for the headaches. Unsatisfied with the results, she goes to several other medical professionals for treatment. Sherry is most likely suffering from a(n) _____ disorder.

A) illness anxiety
B) somatic symptom
C) dissociative
D) acute stress

Question 5

Cognitive therapies for somatic symptom disorder focus on:

A) challenging the client's maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teaching them techniques for appropriate interpretations.
B) identifying the behavioral reinforcers that contribute to the manifestation of symptoms.
C) providing insight into the client's somatization symptoms and discussing early childhood experiences.
D) designing a behavior modification plan with punishers to discourage maladaptive ways of thinking.

Question 6

Vickianna's doctor is trying to diagnose if her condition is an illness anxiety disorder or a somatic symptom disorder. According to the DSM-5, to make the distinction, he should determine if Vickianna _____.

A) has physical symptoms
B) seeks medical help
C) has anxious thoughts
D) experiences acute stress

Question 7

Family studies suggest that somatic symptom disorders run primarily among _____ relatives, and _____ relatives have higher rates of alcoholism.

A) female; female
B) female; male
C) male; male
D) male; female

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of the somatic symptom disorder in the United States?

A) Children rarely complain of somatic symptoms.
B) Adolescents are the most common group to be diagnosed with the disorder.
C) Middle-aged adults are more likely to report somatic symptoms than older adults.
D) Older adults are more likely to report multiple somatic symptoms than middle-aged adults.

Question 9

According to DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for illness anxiety disorder?

A) Somatic symptoms must be present that are severe in intensity.
B) Illness preoccupation should have been present for at least one month.
C) The individual must perform excessive health related behaviors.
D) The individual should show symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.

Question 10

Bethany is experiencing dizziness, head pain and numbness in her lower limbs, all with no apparent medical reason. Bethany is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ disorder.

A) pseudocyesis
B) somatic symptom
C) dissociative
D) acute stress

Question 11

When a woman believes she is pregnant, but physical examination and laboratory tests show negative results, this syndrome is called _____.

A) pseudocyesis
B) misconception syndrome
C) pseudo expectancy
D) miscarriage

Question 12

Which of the following disorders may appear similar in their presentation?

A) Somatic symptom disorder and dissociative identity disorder
B) Somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder
C) Somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder
D) Somatic symptom disorder and body dysmorphic disorder

Question 13

People diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder frequently have periods of all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) substance abuse
B) depression
C) anxiety
D) psychotic disorders

Question 14

In the treatment of somatic symptom disorder, _____ therapies attempt to determine and eliminate the reinforcements individuals receive for their symptoms, while increasing positive rewards for healthy behavior.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Question 15

Bertram has spent years being concerned about his health even though he has no symptoms or pain. Several years ago, he read an article on tumors and became preoccupied with thoughts about getting a tumor. He rarely seeks medical help and in fact avoids doctors and hospitals. Bertram is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ disorder.

A) illness anxiety
B) somatic symptom
C) dissociative
D) acute stress

Question 16

_____ was formerly known as hypochondriasis (without physical symptoms).

A) Illness anxiety disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Factitious disorder
D) Munchhausen's syndrome

Question 17

Studies of refugees who fled to the United States found that these groups often had:

A) posttraumatic stress disorder and conversion disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic symptom disorder
D) posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 18

Herman has been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. He often misinterprets his bodily symptoms, which results in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dizziness. He states regularly, "If the pain doesn't stop soon, it will probably cause damage to the other parts of my body." Herman is most likely catastrophizing his symptoms. This maladaptive way of thinking is linked with the _____ theoretical perspective.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) psychodynamic
D) existential

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of the somatic symptom disorder?

A) Posttraumatic stress disorder is unlikely to lead to somatic symptom disorder.
B) Somatic symptom disorder is not accompanied by physical symptoms such as aches or pain.
C) Studies have shown that changes in the symptoms of people with somatic symptom disorder mirror their emotional well-being.
D) A loss of functioning in a part of the body can be the person's only complaint in somatic symptom disorder.

Question 20

Which of the following represents one of the difficulties in diagnosing somatic symptom disorders?

A) The person is usually unaware of physical symptoms of an ailment.
B) The person has difficulty pinpointing the physical discomfort.
C) The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect.
D) The person does not consciously produce or control the symptoms.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

A) Research studies have shown that people with conversion symptoms are not hypnotizable.
B) The symptoms of conversion disorder are usually clear-cut, and, hence, there is little room for misdiagnosis.
C) Impaired connectivity between sensory or motor areas of the brain is likely to cause conversion disorder.
D) Physiological tests often give definitive proof that a person's symptoms do not have physical causes.

Question 22

People with conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder):

A) usually seek psychological treatment for physical symptoms.
B) can be difficult to treat because they cannot believe the ailment is psychological.
C) are usually aware of a traumatic experience that could have precipitated the disorder.
D) identify with more than three personalities within themselves.

Question 23

Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a _____.

A) psychosomatic disorder imposed on self
B) factitious disorder imposed on self
C) factitious disorder imposed on another
D) somatic symptom disorder imposed on another

Question 24

According to Freud's explanation of the conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), which of the following best describes secondary gain?

A) The reduction in anxiety as a result of repressed emotions being released physically
B) The attention and sympathy received as a result of the symptom complaints
C) The lack of concern or distress in the wake of a traumatic event
D) The hysteria that comes with the repression of agonizing memories

Question 25

Jaclyn has been complaining for several weeks that she has lost all feeling in her right hand. A medical examination revealed no nerve damage. However, Jaclyn insists that something is wrong because she feels as though she has on a tight glove. Jaclyn is mostly experiencing _____ anesthesia associated with _____.

A) local; body dysmorphic disorder
B) regional; illness anxiety disorder
C) general; somatic symptom disorder
D) glove; conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

Question 26

Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) is usually characterized by:

A) sensory and motor deficits.
B) loss of memory.
C) pain in different areas of the body.
D) multiple personalities.

Question 27

The active mode in Hilgard's study referred to:

A) the unconscious state of mind that creates pleasant memories.
B) the conscious state of mind that registers and stores information without being aware that the information has been processed.
C) the mind's short-term or working memory that can only hold information for up to 20 seconds.
D) the conscious state of mind that includes a person's conscious plans and desires and voluntary actions.

Question 28

In Hilgard's study on the "hidden observer" phenomenon, he argued that there are two modes of consciousness: the _____ mode the and _____ mode.

A) repressive; active
B) active; receptive
C) receptive; suppressive
D) suppressive; repressive

Question 29

Candice faked her symptoms to gain medical attention. She exaggerated her symptoms to the point that exploratory surgery was conducted. Candice most likely has a _____.

A) factitious disorder imposed on another
B) factitious disorder imposed on self
C) somatic symptom disorder
D) psychosomatic disorder

Question 30

It was observed during the two world wars that many soldiers would report to have become inexplicably paralyzed or blind and therefore were unable to return to the front. Most of them seemed unconcerned about their paralysis or blindness. This phenomenon is known as _____.

A) la belle indifference
B) coup d'état
C) esprit de corps
D) sang-froid

Question 31

For most people, the active mode and receptive mode:

A) act as separate entities.
B) weave experiences together so seamlessly that no division is noticed.
C) work together to process and store only our most pleasant memories.
D) hide the true meaning of a person's dissociative experiences.

Question 32

Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders are considered by some theorists to be the result of a psychological process known as _____, in which different parts of an individual's identity, memories, or consciousness split off from one another.

A) dissolution
B) disintegration
C) degeneration
D) dissociation

Question 33

Which of the following somatic symptom disorders is considered to be the most dramatic due to symptoms like blindness, seizures, loss of hearing, and mutism?

A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)
C) Somatic symptom disorder
D) Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

A) The conversion symptom develops after a trauma or psychological stressor.
B) Conversion disorder is quite common, with a high lifetime prevalence rate.
C) Loss of bodily functioning in conversion disorder is due to subconscious processes.
D) Conversion disorder typically involves multiple symptoms during a single episode of conversion.

Question 35

Factitious disorders are also referred to as _____.

A) Korsakoff's syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Munchhausen's syndrome
D) Tourette's syndrome

Question 36

_____ treatments for conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) focus on relieving the person's anxiety around the initial trauma that caused the conversion symptoms and on reducing any benefits the person is receiving from the conversion symptoms.

A) Humanistic
B) Behavioral
C) Cognitive
D) Psychoanalytic

Question 37

The idea that dissociation is a process in which systems of ideas are split off from consciousness but are accessible through dreams and hypnosis was conceptualized by _____.

A) Jean Piaget
B) Thomas Simon
C) Pierre Janet
D) Alfred Binet

Question 38

People with conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder):

A) are typically physically challenged from birth.
B) tend to assume that serious illnesses are uncommon.
C) have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.
D) are not usually prone to chronic depression and anxiety.

Question 39

Freud and his contemporaries viewed conversion symptoms as the result of:

A) the unconscious state of mind attempting to control the conscious state of mind.
B) the id trying to surpass the functioning of the ego and super ego.
C) the transfer of psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories to physical symptoms.
D) the displacement of unconscious anxiety onto a neutral or symbolic object.

Question 40

Lorna found her husband dead in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After this incident, Lorna has been unable to see. Lorna is most likely exhibiting a symptom of _____ disorder.

A) dissociative
B) factitious
C) conversion
D) malingering

Question 41

Lucas reported to his therapist that he hears several voices in his head and that some of his actions or words are being controlled by other people inside him. Lucas's symptoms are representative of _____ disorder.

A) somatic symptom
B) narcissistic personality
C) dissociative identity
D) histrionic personality

Question 42

DSM-5 has added the words _____ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criteria more applicable to diverse cultural groups and to identify a common presentation of DID in non-Western cultures as well as subgroups in Western cultures.

A) “or an experience of possession”
B) “communing with god”
C) “and a spiritual trance”
D) “or a religious possession”

Question 43

People who develop dissociative identity disorder tend to be:

A) less suggestible and hypnotizable.
B) somewhat suggestible and hypnotizable.
C) highly suggestible and hypnotizable.
D) suggestible and hypnotizable to a small extent.

Question 44

In dissociative identity disorder, an alter that inflicts pain or punishment on the other personalities by engaging in self-injurious behaviors (such as self-cutting or self-burning) and suicide attempts is called _____.

A) the oppressor
B) the persecutor
C) the tyrant
D) the bully

Question 45

Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous alter found in dissociative identity disorder?

A) The helper
B) The host
C) The persecutor
D) The child

Question 46

In which of the following countries is dissociative identity disorder diagnosed most frequently?

A) United States
B) Great Britain
C) Japan
D) India

Question 47

When people with dissociative identity disorder report hearing voices talking inside their heads, they may be misdiagnosed as having _____.

A) bipolar disorder with psychotic features
B) schizophrenia
C) major depressive disorder
D) brief psychotic disorder

Question 48

Which of the following is the most common alter found in people with dissociative identity disorder?

A) The helper
B) The host
C) The persecutor
D) The child

Question 49

Which of the following is a treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder?

A) Identifying ways to help clients create a hierarchy of traumatic experiences and learning relaxation techniques to handle the stressors
B) Helping the client work through the trauma to integrate all the alternative personalities into one coherent personality
C) Identifying the traumatic experience and implementing behavior modification to reward or punish the alters
D) Helping the host concentrate on health-enhancing behaviors using exercise and dietary supplements

Question 50

Which of the following dissociative disorders is characterized by a person developing one or more distinct personalities?

A) Dissociative identity disorder
B) Dissociative fugue
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 51

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as _____ disorder.

A) bipolar
B) multiple disintegration
C) multiple personality
D) dissociative personality

Question 52

A person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder may have several alters. An alter is a(n):

A) alternate personality.
B) alternate mood.
C) repressed memory.
D) out-of-body experience.

Question 53

Which of the following individuals is most likely to receive a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Shiloh makes repetitive strange utterances and movements as if in a trance.
B) Jack often wanders away from his home and returns home when he chooses to.
C) Ellen appears to have alternate personalities that are extremely different from each other.
D) Ronald often inflicts self-injuries consciously and turns up at hospitals.

Question 54

Which of the following is the most common contributor to dissociative identity disorder?

A) Genetic predisposition to the disorder
B) Chronic physical or sexual abuse during childhood
C) Low socioeconomic family status
D) Presence of several other mental disorders

Question 55

Some studies suggest that _____ may be more likely than other ethnic groups to experience dissociative symptoms in response to traumas.

A) African Americans
B) Latinos
C) Asians
D) Native Americans

Question 56

Dissociative symptoms may be part of the syndrome of _____, a culturally accepted reaction to stress among Latinos.

A) ataque de nervios
B) mal de ojo
C) susto
D) amok

Question 57

A disorder that has high comorbidity with DID is _____.

A) post-traumatic stress disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
C) somatoform disorder
D) autism spectrum disorder

Question 58

Which of the following alters found in dissociative identity disorder offers advice to the other personalities or performs behaviors the host is unable to handle?

A) The helper
B) The host
C) The persecutor
D) The child

Question 59

Which of the following explains why dissociative identity disorder was not diagnosed before 1980?

A) The symptoms were rarely reported prior to 1980.
B) There was no such diagnostic category in the DSM-II.
C) The disorder lacked empirical evidence until after 1980.
D) No DSM existed prior to 1980.

Question 60

Which of the following is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A) The host is always in control of the other alters.
B) The alters in DID are not aware of each other.
C) People diagnosed with DID claim to have significant periods of amnesia.
D) Persecutor alters are often responsible for switching between personalities.

Question 61

Janet has been diagnosed with dissociative fugue. She is typically likely to:

A) experience autobiographical memory loss.
B) exhibit signs of a false pregnancy.
C) exhibit maladaptive avoidance.
D) experience a high level of anxiety about personal health.

Question 62

Brian has a history of drinking heavily before going to bed. His family accuses him of kicking the dog, breaking several dishes, and being verbally abusive on several occasions. Brown recalls none of these incidents and soon begins to forget personal information as well. Brown's memory loss is most likely related to _____.

A) Korsakoff's syndrome
B) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C) general anxiety disorder (GAD)
D) depersonalization

Question 63

Which of the following is a reason an individual may develop dissociative identity disorder?

A) Inability to control their behavior
B) As a strategy to cope with traumas
C) In order to gain attention for themselves
D) Constant preoccupation with illness

Question 64

Which of the following techniques is heavily used to contact alters in the case of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Channeling
B) Dream analysis
C) Hypnosis
D) Memory exercises

Question 65

When retrograde amnesia is due to organic causes, people will typically remember:

A) where they lived.
B) their personal identities.
C) the names of their children.
D) major historical events of the period.

Question 66

The inability to remember information from the past is known as _____ amnesia.

A) anterograde
B) retrograde
C) retrospective
D) regressive

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true of psychogenic amnesia?

A) It often involves anterograde amnesia.
B) It typically involves the inability to remember new information.
C) It involves a generalized loss of memory for the past.
D) It involves memory loss that is limited to personal information.

Question 68

Verna has no idea how she ended up in her current surroundings. She feels comfortable and is not bothered by the fact that she cannot remember her past. Verna is most likely to be experiencing a(n) _____.

A) dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
B) anterograde amnesia
C) Korsakoff's syndrome
D) unconscious fugue

Question 69

Organic amnesia often involves the inability to remember new information, known as _____ amnesia.

A) anterograde
B) retrograde
C) retrospective
D) regressive

Question 70

Amnesia is categorized as either _____ or _____.

A) organic; physiological
B) physiological; neurotic
C) psychotic; psychogenic
D) psychogenic; organic

Question 71

The main difference between dissociative amnesia with versus without the specification of dissociative fugue is that:

A) people with dissociative amnesia typically leave home and create a new life for themselves in another area, while people with dissociative fugue do not take flight and create new identities.
B) people with dissociative fugue typically leave home and create a new life for themselves in another area, while people with dissociative amnesia do not take flight and create new identities.
C) people with dissociative amnesia typically create alternative personalities, whereas people with dissociative fugue typically do not create new identities.
D) people with dissociative fugue typically maintain their original personalities, whereas people with dissociative amnesia create new identities.

Question 72

Korsakoff's syndrome is characterized by:

A) global retrograde amnesia associated with severe alcohol consumption.
B) anterograde amnesia resulting from structural damage to the brain.
C) anterograde and retrograde amnesia due to organic and psychological factors.
D) a fugue state that results in loss of identity and the creation of a new identity.

Question 73

One complication that arises in diagnosing amnesias is the possibility that:

A) amnesias may be faked by people to escape punishment for crimes committed.
B) amnesias may be the result of using dissociation as a defense against intolerable memories or stressors.
C) amnesia may occur at a high state of arousal where the person cannot encode and store information.
D) people may forget some, but not all, events that may therefore lead to an inconclusive diagnosis.

Question 74

Marsha has dementia. It is becoming increasingly difficulty for her to remember her past. Sometimes she forgets her children's names. Marsha's amnesia would be categorized as _____.

A) anterograde
B) infantile
C) factitious
D) retrograde

Question 75

Karen had a hiking accident that resulted in head trauma. She now has difficulty remembering new information. Karen's amnesia would be categorized as _____.

A) anterograde
B) infantile
C) psychogenic
D) retrograde

Question 76

In the case of dissociative identity disorder, patients who are able to integrate their personalities are:

A) more likely to relapse with more serious problems.
B) more likely to remain relatively free from the symptoms and reduce medication.
C) more likely to develop severe symptoms of other psychological disorders.
D) encouraged to discontinue psychotherapy to measure the effectiveness of the treatment.

Question 77

Unlike a person with dissociative identity disorder, a person in a fugue state:

A) will behave quite normally in the new environment.
B) will maintain his or her original identity in the fugue state.
C) will remember what happened during the fugue state.
D) will find it hard to cope in the new environment.

Question 78

Which of the following is true of organic amnesia?

A) Organic amnesia is often caused by psychosocial factors.
B) Organic amnesia typically involves anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
C) Organic amnesia is caused by brain injury.
D) Organic amnesia results from early childhood conflicts.

Question 79

Steven left his home abruptly without taking any of his belongings. He relocated to a nearby town. Several months later, he returned to his old home with no memory of his travel. Steven would most likely be diagnosed with _____.

A) schizophrenia
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
D) depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 80

Robert has an accident when he is out trekking with his friends. He cannot recall anything that happened just before slipping and hitting his head on a boulder. He most likely has _____.

A) psychogenic amnesia
B) anterograde amnesia
C) retrograde amnesia
D) repressive amnesia