Deck 17: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

What percentage of children and adolescents in North America suffer from a diagnosable psychological disorder?

A) one-half
B) one-fifth
C) one-third
D) one-sixth

Answer 1

one-fifth

Question 2

Which statement about intellectual disability is NOT true?

A) Some states restrict marriage for people with intellectual disability.
B) Fewer than 10 percent of all people with even mild intellectual disability eventually marry.
C) Some clinicians have developed dating skills programs for individuals with intellectual disability.
D) Individuals with intellectual disability can learn to use contraceptives and carry out responsible family planning.

Answer 2

Fewer than 10 percent of all people with even mild intellectual disability eventually marry.

Question 3

The most common metabolic disorder to cause intellectual disablity is:

A) Tay-Sachs disease.
B) sickle cell disease.
C) phenylketonuria (PKU).
D) Reyes Syndrome.

Answer 3

phenylketonuria (PKU).

Question 4

Which is a true statement regarding the childhood disorders covered in this chapter?

A) They are more prevalent in boys than in girls.
B) They are all easily identified before the age of 5 years.
C) They are all directly connected to poor parenting skills.
D) They are all resistant to treatment, with very poor prognosis for recovery by adulthood.

Question 5

Cases of conduct disorder have NOT been linked to:

A) troubled parent-child relationships.
B) inadequate parenting.
C) marital conflict.
D) adoption

Question 6

Surveys throughout the world have repeatedly revealed that _____ ranks as a major problem in the minds of young people, often even more seriously than racism or AIDS.

A) failing school classes
B) bullying
C) peer pressure to use drugs or alcohol
D) looking differently from others

Question 7

Children who argue repeatedly with adults, lose their temper, ignore rules and requests, and blame others for their mistakes and problems might best be diagnosed with:

A) oppositional defiant disorder.
B) conduct disorder.
C) ADHD.
D) autism.

Question 8

Why is Asperger's disorder no longer a diagnosis?

A) It is now diagnosed as either autism spectrum disorder or social communication disorder.
B) It is no longer seen to be a problem in children.
C) It contains individuals who are too high functioning for a diagnosis.
D) We are now able to resolve the issue in childhood.

Question 9

Which is NOT a method used for teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to communicate?

A) augmentative communication systems
B) sign language
C) simultaneous communication
D) psychotherapy

Question 10

Abnormality in this area of the brain has been associated with autism.

A) frontal lobes
B) brain stem
C) cerebellum
D) corpus callosum

Question 11

IQ score below _____ would indicate profound intellectual disability.

A) 43
B) 20
C) 49
D) 35

Question 12

Repeated involuntary defecating into one's clothing is known as:

A) enuresis.
B) encopresis.
C) Crohn's disease.
D) pediatric elimination disorder.

Question 13

Among many clinicians, _____ is the preferred treatment for autism, because the gains from the treatment continue for a significant period of time.

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) behavioral therapy
C) drug treatment
D) institutionalization

Question 14

The most common of the chromosomal disorders leading to intellectual disability is:

A) Prader-Willi syndrome.
B) autism.
C) Down syndrome.
D) fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 15

Mild intellectual disability is linked mainly to:

A) malnutrition.
B) a parent's intellectual disability.
C) sociocultural and psychological causes.
D) childhood trauma or injury.

Question 16

Which treatment for conduct disorder involves group therapy where children might work with others who have similar problems?

A) Coping Power Program
B) parent-child interaction therapy
C) problem-solving skills training
D) parent management training

Question 17

In addition to having an IQ score of approximately _____ or below, to be diagnosed with intellectual disability, a person must have poor adaptive behavior.

A) 85
B) 70
C) 60
D) 45

Question 18

Approximately 1 in _____ children are born with phenylketonuria (PKU).

A) 1,200
B) 80
C) 14,000
D) 99,000

Question 19

_____ is associated with the theory that autism spectrum disorder is caused by parents' personality characteristics.

A) Carl Jung
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Leo Kanner
D) Albert Bandura

Question 20

Theory of mind refers to:

A) an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states.
B) thinking that others are always watching you.
C) the belief that people base their behaviors on intuition or supernatural phenomenon.
D) beliefs about the origins of consciousness.

Question 21

When Mark, who suffers from autism spectrum disorder, was hungry, he looked at his mother and asked, "Do you want dinner?" This reversal of pronouns is referred to as:

A) pronominal reversal.
B) inversion of references.
C) delayed echolalia.
D) verbal stereotypy.

Question 22

In _____, children with intellectual disability are grouped together in a separate, specially designated educational program.

A) mainstreaming
B) normalization
C) institutionalization
D) special education

Question 23

When children or adolescents cause a peer to be socially isolated, spread rumors about them, and manipulate their friendships, they are engaging in _____ aggression.

A) overt-nondestructive
B) covert-destructive
C) overdestructive
D) relational

Question 24

Which would lead to the MOST reliable diagnosis of ADHD?

A) brain imaging and bone density tests
B) blood tests and MRI scans
C) parent and teacher reports, clinical observations, interviews, psychological tests, and rating scales
D) psychoneurological exams and PET scans

Question 25

Children who suffer some form of abuse are most likely to be abused by:

A) a stranger.
B) a sibling.
C) a parent.
D) a teacher.

Question 26

At what age does conduct disorder usually appear?

A) between the ages of 6 and 10
B) between the ages of 3 and 5
C) between the ages of 7 and 15
D) between the ages of 15 and 18

Question 27

Which abnormal chromosomal situation is a cause of Down syndrome?

A) phenylalanine
B) mosaicism
C) fragile X syndrome
D) translocation

Question 28

What percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder are boys?

A) 95
B) 80
C) 50
D) 35

Question 29

Which is NOT one of the broad categories of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder?

A) lack of responsiveness
B) language and communication problems
C) repetitive and rigid behaviors
D) delinquent-type behaviors

Question 30

When children reach school age, therapists often use a family intervention called parent management training to help treat:

A) conduct disorder.
B) autism spectrum disorder.
C) ADHD.
D) encopresis.

Question 31

Which two treatment modalities are MOST commonly applied for ADHD?

A) drug therapy and cognitive therapy
B) drug therapy and family therapy
C) family therapy and behavioral therapy
D) drug therapy and behavioral therapy

Question 32

Which is an accurate statement about IQ scores?

A) Intelligence tests are not socioculturally biased.
B) IQ tests always measure intelligence accurately and objectively.
C) IQ scores have a high correlation with school performance.
D) IQ tests only measure one aspect of intelligence.

Question 33

The exact repetition of phrases spoken by others is known as:

A) word salad.
B) pronominal reversal.
C) echolalia.
D) encopresis.

Question 34

Which treatment approach is more likely to strengthen juvenile delinquent behavior than to help reduce it?

A) drug therapy
B) institutionalization
C) family therapy
D) individual therapy

Question 35

What is an accurate statement about child sexual abuse?

A) It is more common among poor parents.
B) Girls and boys are sexually abused at approximately the same rate.
C) Child sexual abuse appears to be equally common across all socioeconomic classes, races, and ethnic groups.
D) Child sexual abuse occurs only inside the home.

Question 36

Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes is known as:

A) encopresis.
B) conduct disorder.
C) paresis.
D) enuresis.

Question 37

If a child with conduct disorder displays openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors, which pattern of the disorder would that child be displaying?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 38

What is a recidivist?

A) a person who is arrested who has a record of previous arrest
B) a person who suffers from intellectual disability that spontaneously improves from being severe or profound to being mild or moderate
C) a child who suffers from both encopresis and enuresis at the same time
D) a person who suffers from both a metabolic disorder (like PKU) and a chromosomal disorder (like Down syndrome) at the same time

Question 39

Surveys show that _____ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States.

A) worry
B) depression
C) anxiety
D) substance abuse

Question 40

As many as ___ percent of schoolchildren diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are boys.

A) 50
B) 90
C) 70
D) 35

Question 41

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that:

A) children display depression while adults generally do not.
B) children display more symptoms of mania than adults do.
C) a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder.
D) children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

Question 42

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore:

A) the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms.
B) children do not experience phobias.
C) a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder.
D) anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence.

Question 43

For which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) social anxiety disorder
C) phobias
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 44

A large survey of parents and their children shows that parents:

A) believe children are more concerned about school than children are.
B) believe the greatest worry children have is about their physical appearance.
C) generally underestimate how worried their children are.
D) are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's worries.

Question 45

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

A) oppositional defiant disorder.
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
C) conduct disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 46

Childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are called:

A) disruptive disorders.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) intellectual disability.
D) elimination disorders.

Question 47

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

A) eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder.
B) creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
C) not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18.
D) dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and one without rage.

Question 48

A particular concern among children and adolescents would be:

A) racism.
B) peer pressure to have sex.
C) bullying.
D) peer pressure to try alcohol.

Question 49

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with:

A) oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal.
B) oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal.
C) conduct disorder if they are prepubertal.
D) conduct disorder if they are postpubertal.

Question 50

A child is openly hostile toward his parents. He argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control him. The diagnosis he is MOST likely to receive is:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) oppositional defiant disorder.
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 51

Perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who try to deal with bullying is that:

A) most bullying takes place off school property.
B) they really don't care, because bullying is such an unusual occurrence in most schools.
C) there is a very real possibility that the bullies will attack them, as well as their student victims.
D) students really don't rate bullying as a serious problem.

Question 52

A child whose therapist asks him to draw pictures about his life and then introduces games and stories to help the child work through his conflicts and change his emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving:

A) cognitive therapy
B) classroom therapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) play therapy.

Question 53

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) produced three major surprises. Which is NOT true about the study's findings?

A) A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective.
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment.
C) Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone.
D) The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.

Question 54

Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which conclusion?

A) Second-generation antidepressants should not be used with adolescents because the risk for harm is too high.
B) Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people.
C) Cognitive-behavior therapy alone is the best treatment for adolescents.
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy cannot be used with adolescents because of their cognitive limitations.

Question 55

A child will not obey her mother. When threatened with punishment, she swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. Her outbreaks seem to be restricted to her parents, but she is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) childhood schizophrenia.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 56

A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:

A) agoraphobia
B) bipolar disorder.
C) dependent personality disorder.
D) separation anxiety disorder.

Question 57

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders:

A) that are appropriately treated by psychotropic medications.
B) in adolescents rather than in children.
C) in children rather than in adults.
D) in children of former generations rather than of the present generation.

Question 58

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that:

A) if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover.
B) separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, while school refusal does not.
C) in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school.
D) school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, and fears of objects at school.

Question 59

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why:

A) postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys.
B) children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults.
C) younger children have higher rates of depression than do older children.
D) depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children.

Question 60

The main concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and, in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is:

A) the use of cognitive behavioral therapy.
B) the use of family therapy.
C) the use of adult medications.
D) the use of psychodynamic therapy.

Question 61

Which statement is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say?

A) "The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split between boys and girls."
B) "The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different."
C) "Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is declining."
D) "Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the age of 13."

Question 62

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with:

A) genetic or hormonal predisposition.
B) a history of child abuse.
C) troubled parent-child relationships.
D) poverty.

Question 63

Which is NOT an effective treatment for conduct disorder?

A) juvenile training centers
B) treatment foster care
C) anger coping programs
D) problem-solving skills training

Question 64

Imagine that you see a video on YouTube designed to encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program called:

A) Self-Defense is For Everyone.
B) It Gets Better.
C) How to Hide Your Orientation.
D) What to Say to Your Parents.

Question 65

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) passive-aggressive disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 66

Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:

A) conduct disorder.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) passive-aggressive disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 67

A preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior. MOST likely, that program is:

A) the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program.
B) one that involves the use of stimulant drugs such as Ritalin.
C) Scared Straight.
D) Parents and Children Anonymous.

Question 68

Which is NOT a goal of parent-child interaction therapy?

A) helping parents set realistic goals for their child's behavior
B) teaching the child better skills
C) encouraging parents to act consistently with their child
D) teaching parents to use fairer discipline practices

Question 69

A child sneaks out of the home every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 70

A 7-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. The BEST diagnosis is:

A) enuresis.
B) encopresis.
C) oppositional defiant disorder.
D) conduct disorder.

Question 71

Which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a treatment foster care program?

A) family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the original parents
B) meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if needed
C) training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents, and the biological parents
D) individual treatment with the child, followed by family therapy

Question 72

"That kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically anything, even things that don't seem to matter much." This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 73

A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment for conduct disorder. You can be reasonably sure that:

A) stimulant drug (e.g., Ritalin) administration is recommended, but not required.
B) the child is a preschooler.
C) the child is female.
D) the interventions used are cognitive-behavioral.

Question 74

The LEAST effective way to deal with conduct disorder is:

A) prevention programs.
B) teaching children how to deal with their anger.
C) having children live in juvenile training centers.
D) through family intervention.

Question 75

"Will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave." Based on research, the person who said this would be accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about:

A) a juvenile training center.
B) treatment foster care.
C) problem-solving training.
D) an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program.

Question 76

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called:

A) parent-interaction therapy.
B) video modeling.
C) parent management training.
D) family-consequence sensitization.

Question 77

A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting. She will MOST likely be labeled with:

A) juvenile delinquency.
B) oppositional defiant disorder.
C) anxiety disorder.
D) mood disregulation disorder.

Question 78

"My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Which is your BEST answer?

A) "Video modeling works especially well with elementary school children."
B) "Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is well established."
C) "Parent management training should work best."
D) "Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation."

Question 79

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?

A) overt-destructive
B) overt-nondestructive
C) covert-destructive
D) covert-nondestructive

Question 80

"Relational aggression" is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among:

A) girls diagnosed with conduct disorder.
B) boys diagnosed with conduct disorder.
C) boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.
D) girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.