Deck 12: Caring for the Frail Elderly

Question 1

It is difficult to determine whether elderly people are being denied care under Medicaid because:

A) funding for Medicaid is under the control of private firms in the United States.
B) states set different income limits to determine the eligibility for Medicaid.
C) most elder people opt for Medicare instead of Medicaid.
D) Medicaid is the least popular source of long-term care for the elderly and disabled.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which measure is NOT a part of allostatic load?

A) blood pressure and cholesterol levels
B) elevated cortisol
C) depression scales
D) having the flu

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following category of caregivers is most likely to provide caregiving to the aging?

A) spouses
B) children
C) friends
D) siblings

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Identify an accurate statement about the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE).

A) It requires individuals to be above 65 years of age to be eligible for it.
B) It requires its recipients to remain in nursing homes to be eligible for health care.
C) It is an optional benefit for older people who meet their states' standards for nursing home care.
D) It is the primary source of health care benefit for the elderly and the disabled people in the United States.

Question 5

In the _____ pattern of mother and daughter relationships, both mother and daughter have a rewarding relationship with minimal friction.

A) conflicted
B) mutuality
C) innovative
D) ambivalent

Question 6

In the context of activities of daily living, which of the following activities has the highest percentage of limitation among people who are 85 years and above?

A) walking
B) eating
C) bathing
D) dressing

Question 7

Most studies of family caregivers find that primary caregivers are usually:

A) children.
B) siblings.
C) women.
D) friends.

Question 8

One study examining stress for women caring for a parent with Alzheimer's disease found that the greatest source of stress was:

A) their siblings.
B) their children.
C) their spouse.
D) the spouse of the parent.

Question 9

There is a gender difference in the division of labor among caregivers. Daughters are more likely than sons to:

A) provide hands-on personal care such as dressing and bathing.
B) arrange transportation and social services.
C) assist in yard work and manage finances.
D) provide help with household repairs.

Question 10

All of the following statements related to home care are true except that:

A) there is no evidence that home and community-based services reduce costs of nursing home use.
B) family members withdraw support when home services are provided.
C) family members do not withdraw support when home services are provided.
D) home and community-based services are not always adequate.

Question 11

Congress instituted the "look back" period of five years in Medicaid because:

A) it wanted to encourage people from the upper class to use Medicaid.
B) it wanted to ensure that the poor get adequate treatment for additional five years.
C) it believed that the funds for Medicaid were unevenly distributed among the various classes in the United States.
D) it suspected that middle-class elderly were sheltering their assets in order to qualify for Medicaid.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993?

A) It allows employees to take up to 12 weeks of paid or unpaid leave.
B) It applies to any firm that employs more than 20 people.
C) It requires an employee to be employed with a firm for more than a period of 36 months in order to avail the benefits of the act.
D) It requires employees to pay 20 percent of their income to the government to avail the benefits of the act.

Question 13

A study of 20 adolescent grandchildren of Alzheimer's patients found that the caregiving experience had a(n) _____ influence on family relationships.

A) positive
B) negative
C) ambivalent
D) major

Question 14

In the _____ pattern of mother and daughter relationships, there are rewards but also costs, and the relationships are sometimes tense.

A) conflicted
B) innovative
C) mutuality
D) ambivalent

Question 15

Two problems create high turnover rates among home health aides. They are:

A) transportation and training.
B) low wages and transportation.
C) low wages and poor working conditions.
D) poor working conditions and training.

Question 16

In the context of the long-term effects of caregiving, the _____ predicts that experienced caregivers who have been in that role for a long time will display more negative marital quality.

A) adaptation hypothesis
B) wear-and-tear hypothesis
C) learned violence hypothesis
D) attachment hypothesis

Question 17

Care of the frail elderly exists on a continuum of care. The least formal care is performed by:

A) social workers.
B) public or private institutions.
C) family members.
D) former colleagues.

Question 18

Women are more likely to assume a disproportionate share of caregiving because:

A) they have been socialized to be caring.
B) they are less likely to have other obligations.
C) their primary responsibility has been for unpaid domestic labor, thus they are seen as natural caregivers.
D) they are the primary parents in providing care for children.

Question 19

Which of the following activities is NOT performed by home and community-based services?

A) housekeeping
B) case management
C) travel plans
D) personal care

Question 20

Which of the following is usually NOT one of the issues that arise when siblings are caring for an aging parent?

A) conflict when one sibling feels the others are not doing their fair share
B) disagreements over how to care for a parent
C) refusing to contribute financially
D) increased closeness between siblings

Question 21

Researchers distinguish between caregiver burden and caregiver stress.

Question 22

A nursing home is what Erving Goffman called a total institution. Total institutions are characterized by all of the following except:

A) separating the main spaces of life-sleep, work, and play.
B) handling many human needs by bureaucratic organizations.
C) serving as a retreat from the world.
D) making simple independent decisions like taking a walk.

Question 23

Daughters who provide care for elderly parents do not give up other obligations; they give up their free time.

Question 24

Once a family member is admitted to a nursing home, sometimes stress:

A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains the same.
D) comes in cycles.

Question 25

Timothy Diamond's book, Making Gray Gold: Narrative of Nursing Home Care, is:

A) about the poor quality of care in nursing homes.
B) about the lack of social stimulation in nursing homes.
C) about how poorly paid nursing assistants struggled to reconcile the care they wanted to give patients with care that they were required to give.
D) about how nursing assistants organize patients to advocate for better emotional care.

Question 26

Adult survivors of child abuse are more likely than others to experience mental and physical health problems and to have cognitive impairments.

Question 27

Abuse in nursing homes stems from instances in which overworked, underpaid aides, who provide all the hands-on care, become frustrated or simply make mistakes.

Question 28

Men are likely to leave the workforce once they begin caring for a family member.

Question 29

Research shows that families do not withdraw support when home and community-based services are provided, but the disabled elderly receive more care.

Question 30

Minority neighborhoods have more nursing homes than white neighborhoods.

Question 31

Turnover among workers in the health care industry is extremely high, exceeding 100 percent each year. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for the turnover?

A) Starting salary for nursing assistants is usually minimum wage with few fringe benefits such as health insurance or pensions.
B) The work requires aides to manually lift patients, which often results in back injuries.
C) The work requires that the aides receive monthly training.
D) There are few opportunities for advancement and participation in the planning of the care for residents.

Question 32

Elderly minorities are in poorer health than the white elderly. Yet they are _____ likely to receive home and community-based services.

A) more
B) less
C) both
D) not

Question 33

Segregated nursing homes are more likely to have serious deficiencies in quality, have lower ratios of staff to patients, and have serious financial difficulties.

Question 34

According to Jaber Gubrium's book Living and Dying at Murray Manor, the most difficult loss when moving into a nursing home is the loss of:

A) independence.
B) friends.
C) familiar places.
D) familiar furniture or objects.

Question 35

Most long-term care of the frail elderly is provided by nursing assistants.

Question 36

One reason ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive home and community-based services or even to enter a nursing home is cultural preference. Another reason is:

A) finances.
B) lack of access.
C) lack of information on services.
D) fear of abuse.

Question 37

Federal standards require that nursing home patients receive an average of six hours of care each day from nursing assistants and 45 minutes a day from nurses.

Question 38

The process of entering a nursing home as a private pay, depleting one's income and assets, and becoming poor is known as:

A) medical downsizing.
B) financial downsizing.
C) spending up.
D) spending down.

Question 39

Instrumental activities of daily living involve such tasks as keeping track of finances and doing household tasks.

Question 40

Members of racial and ethnic minorities are more readily accepted for _____ on admission to nursing homes than whites.

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) private health insurance
D) private pay

Question 41

What kind of stresses are placed on families when caring for an aging relative?

Question 42

Siblings of gay and lesbian people often presume that gay and lesbian people are the most appropriate caregivers for aging parents.

Question 43

How can home and community-based services be regulated to ensure quality of care?