Deck 12: Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Question 1

There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children.For example,around the ages of _____,the volume of gray matter in the parietal lobes,an area of the brain involved in spatial understanding peaks.

A)5 in girls and age 7 in boys
B)7 in girls and age 10 in boys
C)9 in girls and age 12 in boys
D)11 in girls and age 12 in boys

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Today,the average 10-year-old weighs 11 pounds more than the average 10-year-old did ___ years ago.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Ziaul has an fMRI and his doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the lobe of his brain partially involved in dealing with spatial understanding.The doctor is referring to what part of the brain?

A)Occipital lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Frontal lobe
D)Temporal lobe

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding population differences in growth among school-age children is FALSE?

A)By age 6,white girls have more muscle and bone mass than African American girls.
B)Hispanic girls have a higher percentage of body fat than white girls who are of the same size.
C)African American boys and girls tend to grow faster than white children do.
D)African American girls have more muscle and bone mass than Hispanic girls do.

Question 5

The primary teeth begin to fall out at age _____ and are replaced by permanent teeth.

A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7

Question 6

Which of the following seems to be the best reason for the marked decrease in children's tooth decay during the past 20 years?

A)More regular brushing and flossing
B)Increased use of sealants on the rough,chewing surfaces
C)Improved nutrition and eating habits
D)None of these;tooth decay is on the rise.

Question 7

Brain development in middle childhood includes

A)a loss in the density of gray matter.
B)an increase in white matter.
C)thickening of the cortex.
D)all of the above.

Question 8

There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children.For example,around the ages of _____,the volume of gray matter in the caudate,a part of the basal ganglia involved in control of movement and muscle tone,peaks.

A)5 in girls and age 7 in boys
B)7 in girls and age 10 in boys
C)9 in girls and age 12 in boys
D)11 in girls and age 12 in boys

Question 9

Children are first introduced to the magic of the Tooth Fairy when their primary teeth begin to fall out at about age _____.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 10

Between 1971 and 1994,the number of children ages 6 to 18 with untreated cavities has

A)increased by 20 percent.
B)decreased by 20 percent.
C)increased by 80 percent.
D)decreased by 80 percent.

Question 11

Judgments of normal weight and body composition in middle-school-age children should be made cautiously because

A)each child is unique and developmental norms are of little use.
B)different ethnic groups and populations seem to differ in developmental rates.
C)existing norms are based on data collected in the 1920s and 1930s and may be inapplicable today.
D)averages and norms for children's height have not been firmly established.

Question 12

Elizabeth is receiving injections of growth hormone to increase her height.These hormones:

A)are recommended only for children whose bodies are naturally deficient in the hormone.
B)need to be administered for 6-12 months to achieve maximum benefit.
C)are a safe technique for parents who want to give their children an advantage in life.
D)are risky and not recommended,even for children with growth disorders.

Question 13

By age 11,the average child,both males and females,weigh about _____ pounds.

A)65
B)80
C)100
D)115

Question 14

There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children.For example,around the ages of _____,the volume of gray matter in the frontal lobes,an area of the brain involved in higher-order functions peaks.

A)5 in girls and age 7 in boys
B)7 in girls and age 10 in boys
C)9 in girls and age 12 in boys
D)11 in girls and age 12 in boys

Question 15

Sally's primary teeth have been falling out at a rate of about four each year.This process will probably continue until she is approximately ___ years old.

A)15
B)13
C)11
D)8

Question 16

Which of the following statements about growth hormone is FALSE?

A)Growth hormone has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for healthy children.
B)Growth hormone has been identified as effective treatment for obese children.
C)The use of growth hormone has been met with some controversy.
D)Growth hormone has been identified as effective treatment for children with short stature.

Question 17

Although individual growth in middle childhood varies widely,one typical difference between school-age boys and school-age girls is that

A)boys are nearly a head taller than girls.
B)girls are nearly a head taller than boys.
C)girls weigh less than boys throughout this period.
D)girls retain more fatty tissue than boys do.

Question 18

Christina is beginning to feel like a giant among her classmates and thinks that something is wrong with her.Which of the following best describes children's height gain during middle childhood?

A)Children's height typically increases about 6 inches a year until age 9,after which it remains stable until puberty.
B)Children generally grow about 3 inches from the age of 6 until the adolescent growth spurt begins.
C)School-age children grow an average of about 1 to 3 inches a year.
D)School-age children grow an average of about 4 to 5 inches a year.

Question 19

Claudette has an fMRI and her doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the part of her brain beneath the cortex and part of the basal ganglia involved in control of movement,muscle tone,attention,and emotional states.Claudette's doctor is referring to what part of the brain?

A)Occipital lobe
B)Parietal lobes
C)Frontal lobe
D)Temporal lobe

Question 20

A technique designed to prevent decay on the rough,chewing surfaces of children's teeth involves the use of:

A)adhesive sealants
B)fluoride treatments
C)abrasive cleaning products
D)tooth sanding

Question 21

Many children do not eat breakfast and get at least ___ of their calories from snacks.

A)1/4
B)1/3
C)1/2
D)2/3

Question 22

Based on current research,of the following school-aged children,who is likely to get the most sleep?

A)Katya,a young girl
B)Sabine,an older girl
C)Gustavo,a young boy
D)Tobias,an older boy

Question 23

Which of the following statements about school-age children in non-literate societies and in industrialized societies is correct?

A)Children in industrialized countries have more time for play.
B)More children in non-literate countries go to work in middle childhood.
C)Children in non-literate countries spend more time on household chores.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 24

During middle childhood,children need on average about ___ calories a day to maintain healthy growth and activity levels.

A)1,200
B)1,600
C)2,000
D)2,400

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a common sleep problem for school-aged children?

A)Insomnia
B)Daytime sleepiness
C)Resistance to go to bed
D)Night terrors

Question 26

Based on current research,of the following school-aged children,who is likely to get the least amount of sleep?

A)A child with a TV in his room
B)A child with a lot of family stress
C)A child with a set bedtime
D)A child that stalls going to sleep

Question 27

Judy is able to walk a 2-inch-wide balance beam,hop and jump accurately into small squares,and perform jumping-jacks.Judy is at least ___ years old.

A)7
B)9
C)11
D)13

Question 28

_____ matter is composed of closely packed neurons in the cerebral cortex and _____ matter is made of glial cells,which provide support for neurons.

A)White;gray
B)Gray;white
C)Myelinated;axon
D)Axon;myelinated

Question 29

In middle childhood,some of the cognitive advances that can be traced back to changes in the brain's structure and functioning are undoubtedly due to the connections between neurons thickening and myelinating.This process

A)begins in the frontal lobes and moves toward the back of the brain.
B)begins in the occipital lobe and moves towards the front of the brain.
C)begins in several sporadic places around the brain at once.
D)cannot be tracked with current technology.

Question 30

All of the following are contributing factors to children's unhealthy eating habits EXCEPT

A)school vending machines.
B)changes in food labeling and daily allowance recommendations.
C)television and other advertisements for low-nutrition snacks.
D)family influences and eating habits at home.

Question 31

Sleep needs decline from about ___ hours a day at age 5 to a little more than ___ hours a day by age 9.

A)8;7
B)9;8
C)10;9
D)11;10

Question 32

The average reported amount of sleep for first through fifth grader is _____ hours.

A)8-9
B)9-10
C)10-11
D)12-13

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the cognitive advances seen in middle childhood that can be traced back to changes in the brain's structure and functioning?

A)Loss of density of gray matter
B)Increase in white matter
C)Changes in the thickness of the cortex
D)The thickening of the prefrontal cortex after age 10

Question 34

A common treatment for children with sleep-disordered breathing is

A)nebulizer treatments.
B)use of a sleep apnea machine (CPAP)
C)surgery to remove the adenoids and tonsils.
D)sleeping on the back.

Question 35

Hunter has an fMRI and his doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the lobe of his brain partially involved in dealing with higher-order thinking.The doctor is referring to what part of the brain?

A)Occipital lobe
B)Parietal lobes
C)Frontal lobe
D)Temporal lobe

Question 36

There are developmental differences in the amount of gray matter in children.For example,around the ages of _____,the volume of gray matter in the temporal lobes,an area of the brain involved in language peaks.

A)5 in girls and age 7 in boys
B)7 in both boys and girls
C)9 in girls and age 12 in boys
D)16 for both girls and boys

Question 37

The amount of gray matter in the _____ cortex is likely associated with differences in IQ.

A)occipital
B)parietal
C)frontal
D)temporal

Question 38

The recommended amount of sleep for first through fifth graders is _____ hours.

A)8-9
B)10-11
C)12-13
D)14-15

Question 39

One of the reasons school-age children are faster thinkers and able to filter out distracting information better than younger children is _____.

A)myelination
B)decrease in white matter
C)increase in density of gray matter
D)fewer axons

Question 40

Honor has an fMRI and her doctor says that he notices that the gray matter has peaked in the lobe of her brain partially involved in dealing with language.He is referring to what part of the brain?

A)Occipital lobe
B)Parietal lobes
C)Frontal lobe
D)Temporal lobe

Question 41

Jonathan and Vinnie are wrestling,hitting,and chasing each other.At the same time,they are laughing and screaming.Jonathan and Vinnie are engaged in _____.

A)aggressive play
B)evolutionary play
C)dominance assertion
D)rough-and-tumble play

Question 42

Most parents can probably tell you that rough-and-tumble play reaches its peak during

A)early childhood.
B)middle childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)none of the above.

Question 43

Ahmed is able to hop in a 2-2,2-3,or 3-3 pattern.He can also play a wide variety of games at this age.Ahmed is at least ___ years old.

A)6
B)8
C)10
D)12

Question 44

Ty is experiencing increased thirst and urination,hunger,weight loss,blurred vision,and fatigue.Ty's doctor will most likely test him for _____.

A)hypertension
B)diabetes
C)asthma
D)cancer

Question 45

Research has demonstrated that obesity is caused by

A)inherited tendencies,such as a defective appetite-control gene.
B)prenatal malnutrition.
C)inactivity owing to sedentary lifestyles.
D)all of the above.

Question 46

Research supports which of the following statements about childhood obesity?

A)Adoption studies suggest that heredity is not an important factor in obesity.
B)Children with overweight parents tend to be overweight.
C)A positive correlation exists between activity level and weight gain.
D)Television viewing is weakly associated with weight gain.

Question 47

Children who watch ___ hours of television a day are 4.6 times as likely to be overweight as those who watch 2 or less hours.

A)2.5
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 48

Christopher has been having sudden attacks of coughing,wheezing,and breathing difficulties for the past seven months.A likely diagnosis for Christopher's condition is

A)respiratory failure.
B)panic attacks.
C)asthma.
D)pneumonia.

Question 49

Boys spend twice as much time participating in team sports as girls do,and the disparity widens as children grow.Overall,9-13 year olds' participation in organized sports is about _______ percentage.

A)26
B)38
C)17
D)78

Question 50

By 9 years of age,girls tend to spend more time on _____ than boys do.

A)sports
B)video games
C)homework
D)cell phones

Question 51

Which child is most likely to stutter?

A)a 7-year-old girl
B)a 6-year-old boy
C)a 10-year-old boy
D)a 12-year-old girl

Question 52

Eight-year-old Agnes was diagnosed with asthma three years ago.Her condition is referred to as a(n)_____ medical condition.

A)chronic
B)acute
C)degenerative
D)longitudinal

Question 53

According to a nationwide survey of 200,000 households,_____ percent of children under the age of 18 have chronic medical conditions.

A)6
B)12.8
C)18
D)25

Question 54

An average school-age child experiences _____ bouts a year with colds,the flu,or viruses.

A)1 to 2
B)4 to 5
C)6 to 7
D)9 to 10

Question 55

From 1980 to 1995,the incidence of asthma has _____.

A)decreased.
B)increased.
C)more than doubled.
D)remained stable.

Question 56

A common medical problem of overweight children is high _____.

A)cholesterol
B)insulin levels
C)blood pressure
D)All of the above are true.

Question 57

Jason has a cold.His pediatrician tells his mother that the cold will probably last for two days.Given the short-term nature of Jason's illness,we would say that he suffers from a(n)_____ medical condition.

A)chronic
B)acute
C)transitional
D)age-related

Question 58

Rough-and-tumble play seems to be universal.Evolutionary psychologists suggest that rough-and-tumble play evolved to

A)provide physical exercise.
B)help children jockey for dominance in their peer group.
C)assess an opponent's strength.
D)provide practice in skills used in fighting and hunting.

Question 59

Pierre is able to judge and intercept pathways of small balls thrown from a distance.This is greatly helping his baseball game.Pierre is at least ___ years old.

A)6
B)8
C)9
D)10

Question 60

Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to be a cause of stuttering?

A)faulty training in articulation and breathing
B)defective feedback about one's own speech
C)pressure from parents to speak properly
D)modeling of a playmate who stutters

Question 61

Obesity has become a national crisis in the United States.Describe environmental factors that are contributing to the crisis.List some of the treatment methods,for use both at home and at school,which can help combat childhood obesity.

Question 62

Nadine is receiving treatment for an emotional disturbance.Her therapist has her talk about her feelings and her personality.Based on what you have read in the text,it sounds like he is receiving _____.

A)individual psychotherapy
B)family therapy
C)art therapy
D)behavior therapy

Question 63

Which of the following statements about anxiety is FALSE?

A)School phobia may be a type of separation anxiety.
B)Anxiety disorders tend to run in families.
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)is a manifestation of anxiety.
D)Anxiety is more common among boys than girls.

Question 64

Wyatt has been diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD).What is NOT a typical behavior of children with this disorder?

A)Setting fires
B)Excessive shyness
C)Truancy
D)Fighting,snatching things,and hostility toward authority

Question 65

_____ is (are)the leading cause of death in middle childhood.

A)Medical errors
B)Illnesses
C)Accidents
D)Poisoning

Question 66

Miriam is receiving treatment for an emotional disturbance.Her therapist is using a system of rewards to get her to change her behaviors from undesirable ones to desirable ones.Based on what you have read in the text,it sounds like she is receiving _____.

A)individual psychotherapy
B)family therapy
C)art therapy
D)behavior therapy

Question 67

Variations in school-age children's health are the result of

A)differences in families' knowledge of health habits and preventive care.
B)differences in families' income and the diets they eat.
C)differing beliefs and attitudes about health and healing among various cultural and ethnic groups.
D)all of the above.

Question 68

Felicia has repeated intrusive thoughts and shows repetitive behaviors tied to those thoughts.Based on what you have read in the text,it sounds like Felicia may have _____.

A)conduct disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive compulsive disorder
D)depression

Question 69

Physical development slows down considerably in middle childhood.Describe some gender differences in school-age children's physical development.List some of the ethnic variations that a teacher might see in a diverse classroom setting.

Question 70

Undernourished children suffer physical,cognitive,and psychosocial developmental problems during childhood.Describe the components of proper nutrition in middle childhood.Explain the effects of poor nutrition on a child's cognitive development.

Question 71

Quentin is receiving treatment for an emotional disturbance.His therapist has him express himself through a variety of mediums and with a myriad of materials.Based on what you have read in the text,it sounds like Quentin is receiving _____.

A)individual psychotherapy
B)family therapy
C)art therapy
D)behavior therapy

Question 72

Colton has a history of getting into fights,being expelled from school,and recently broke into a house in his neighborhood.He has also been brought home by the police on several occasions for damaging public property.Based on what you have read in the text,it sounds like Colton may have _____.

A)conduct disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)oppositional defiant disorder
D)autism

Question 73

Poor children,a disproportionate number who are minorities,are more likely than other children to

A)be in fair or poor health
B)have chronic conditions
C)experience delayed medical care
D)experience all of the above.

Question 74

Yvonne is tired all the time,has sleep issues,and has physical complaints with no apparent cause.Based on what you have read in the text,it sounds like Yvonne may have _____.

A)conduct disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive compulsive disorder
D)depression

Question 75

Social phobia affects _______ percent of children.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)15

Question 76

Coaches and directors of after-school programs should keep several things in mind when overseeing a program for youth sports.List some of these concerns.Keep in mind that your answer should include both physical and emotional factors that apply to youth sports.

Question 77

To decrease childhood injuries,it is recommended that parents

A)use child seats and/or seatbelts.
B)have children use bike helmets.
C)have working fire detectors in the home.
D)attend to all of the above.

Question 78

Mr.and Mrs.McCarthy are concerned about their son's short stature as he approaches middle childhood.Up until now,their doctors have taken a "wait and see" attitude.What can be done to treat stunted growth in middle childhood? Describe some of the controversies associated with this type of treatment.

Question 79

Which is NOT a typical behavior of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

A)Going beyond the bounds of normal childhood behavior
B)Excessive shyness
C)Fighting,snatching things,and hostility toward authority refer to page 353
C)Frequent loss of temper

Question 80

Tabitha worries about everything: school,grades,earthquakes and many other things.She is excessively concerned about how she is regarded by others.Based on what you have read in the text,it sounds like Tabitha may have _____.

A)conduct disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive compulsive disorder
D)depression