Deck 3: Psychology and Law Enforcement: Selection, Training, and Evaluation

Question 1

Describe police response to hostage taking.

Answer 1

no answer

Question 2

How are situational tests used in police selection?

Answer 2

no answer

Question 3

What are the typical procedures used in selecting recruits for police training?

Answer 3

no answer

Question 4

Katherine W.Ellison (1985) used the concept of stakeholders in selecting police officers.What was her purpose for doing so?

A)To make the police force more homogeneous
B)To make the police force more representative
C)To foster communication between the police and the community
D)Both B and C

Question 5

What is the unique feature of the Inwald Personality Inventory?

Question 6

Describe and compare the two Hargrave and Hiatt (1987,1989) studies on predicting officer trainee success.

Question 7

Describe some activities of a psychologist employed by a police department.

Question 8

In a 4 year period in the mid 1990's,in 47 cities,how many police officers were convicted of federal crimes?

A)more than 500
B)more than 600
C)more than 700
D)more than 800

Question 9

Describe three different personality inventories used for police selection and describe the validity of each.

Question 10

For police chiefs,what is the most important goal for a program to select candidates for law-enforcement training?

A)To select those with a desirable profile.
B)To find those who most desire to be officers.
C)To screen out those who are highly corruptible.
D)To screen out disturbed applicants.

Question 11

Describe examples of types of police corruption.

Question 12

What factor did Jerome Skolnick (1966) conclude was the most influential in determining how rookie officers view their work and the public?

A)Their interactions with experienced officers
B)Their socioeconomic status
C)Their race
D)Their interactions with the public in general

Question 13

One criticism of law-enforcement procedures has been the use of race- based profiling by police officers.Maryland state troopers' records over threeyears showed that,of all motorists on Interstate I-95,75% were White and 17%were Black.What percentage of stops with searches involved those who wereBlack?

A)17%
B)34%
C)55%
D)70%

Question 14

Is the interview a useful part of the process for selecting police recruits for training?

Question 15

Describe police reactions to spouse assault.

Question 16

Who are the clienteles for the police psychologist?

Question 17

What is the evidence that law-enforcement officers carry out race-based profiling?

Question 18

In Philadelphia,in 1970,75% of the population is White.What percentage of the complaints against police were from African-Americans?

A)30%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 19

What is community policing? How effective is it?year?

A)Between 10 and 50
B)Between 70 and 100
C)Between 140 and 200
D)Between 300 and 500

Question 20

What personality characteristics,identified by inventories,are detrimental to effective police performance?

Question 21

Hargrave and Hiatt (1987) found that people portray themselves more __________ in face-to-face interviews than on personality tests,resulting inmore________________.

A)positively;good applicants being hired
B)negatively;good applicants being hired
C)positively: poor risks being hired
D)negatively;poor risks being hired

Question 22

Which of the following psychological instruments was specifically developed to measure law-enforcement candidates' personality attributes andbehavior patterns?

A)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
B)California Psychological Inventory
C)Inwald Personality Inventory
D)Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator

Question 23

The research literature from industrial/organizational psychology on the use of the clinical interview process in police selection

A)gives no indication that the interview is a valid predictor of job performance.
B)shows that the interview is a valid predictor of job performance.
C)shows the interview is a more valid predictor than personality tests.
D)shows that the interview is rarely used in police selection.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with problem police officers?

A)Impulsivity
B)Risk taking
C)Easily bored
D)Low intelligence

Question 25

Germann (1969) estimated that as much as 90% of entry-level police training is devoted to "crook-catching." Approximately how much of their time doactual police spend doing so?

A)2 to 3%
B)10 to 15%
C)30 to 40%
D)45 to 60%

Question 26

Traditional police training programs have been criticized for narrowly focusing upon aspects of the job associated with _______while ignoring_______.

A)criminal activity;human-relations skills
B)criminal activity;ethics
C)bureaucracy;criminal activity
D)bureaucracy;ethics

Question 27

Bartol (1991) found that police officers who scored high on the L scale of the MMPI demonstrated poor judgment in the field,particularly under high levelsof stress.What is the L Scale used to detect?

A)Paranoid psychopathology
B)The likelihood of deferring to authority
C)Attempts of respondents to present themselves in a favorable light
D)Cheating on the MMPI by using someone else's response set

Question 28

Using the MMPI and the IPI in combination has been found to

A)Increase the accuracy rate of police selection decisions to 85%
B)Decrease the accuracy of selection decisions to 50%
C)Be accurate only for male applicants
D)Be accurate only for female applicants

Question 29

What is true regarding situational tests?

A)they predict performance better than personality tests.
B)they predict performance better than interviews.
C)they do not predict performance better than personality tests.
D)they do not predict performance better than interviews.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with the interview process for police applicants?

A)The questionable validity of the process
B)There is no agree-upon format for the interview
C)The high number of police academy applicants who qualify for admission
D)The variability between clinicians' ratings of an applicant

Question 31

In New York City,the police admission test is usually taken by between 30,000 and 50,000 applicants.Out of these,approximately how many arechosen for the police academy each year?

A)Fewer than 50
B)50 to 100
C)500 to 1500
D)5000 to 10,000

Question 32

Which of the following profiles from the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) best explains the differences between problematic police officers andthose who have had few serious problems?

A)Class I (poise,ascendancy,self assurance,interpersonal adequacy)
B)Class II (maturity,responsibility,self-control,and personal values)
C)Class III (achievement potential)
D)Class IV (intellectual and interest modes)

Question 33

What is an example of "role malfeasance"?

A)physical abuse of suspects
B)destroying evidence
C)accepting free meals
D)resale of confiscated drugs

Question 34

According to the study by Shusman,Inwald,and Knatz (1987),which of the following most accurately assigns police candidates?

A)The MMPI
B)The CPI
C)The IPI
D)The MBTI

Question 35

Which of the following is the most commonly used psychological inventory for police selection?

A)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
B)The Maslow Hierarchical Inventory
C)The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator
D)The Inwald Personality Inventory

Question 36

Which of the following situational tests was shown to be the most highly correlated with success at the police academy?

A)The Foot Patrol Observation test
B)The Clues Test
C)The Bull Session
D)The Discipline Test

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons described by White and Honig (1995) explaining why police officers often have antagonistic attitudes toward psychologists?

A)Watching psychologists testify on the behalf of criminals
B)Watching psychologists protect those police officers who are claiming disability and appear to be abusing the system
C)Viewing psychologists as an "enemy" with the power to keep an officer off the force
D)The portrayal of psychologists by the media has been too favorable

Question 38

Stress management would be an example of what kind of on the job training for law enforcement officers?

A)Wellness training
B)Organizational training
C)Informational and skill training.
D)Specialized training.

Question 39

A study by Ostrov (1985) showed a relationship between several of the Drug Scale items on the IPI and positive urine analysis results of applicants to theChicago Police Department.What conclusion was made,in light of thisrelationship?

A)Candidates had tampered with their urine samples.
B)Candidates had cheated when taking the IPI.
C)Candidates had,in responding to the IPI,provided only socially-acceptable answers.
D)Candidates had,in responding to the IPI,admitted to some illegal behaviors.

Question 40

Hargrave and Hiatt (1987) looked at the ability of two clinicians to predict the success of police trainees using interviews.The study found

A)both clinicians could significantly and strongly predict peer evaluations of the trainees.
B)one clinician was much better at predicting the success of the trainees over the other.
C)both clinicians correctly judged trainees as suitable vs.unsuitable for more than 65% of the trainees.
D)both clinicians were not able to significantly predict anything about the trainees.

Question 41

How likely is it that a victim of spousal abuse will report the crime to the police?

A)About one out of every two victims will report it.
B)About one out of every four victims will report it.
C)About one out of every seven victims will report it.
D)About one out of every fifteen victims will report it.

Question 42

What is NOT one of the good signs for hostage negotiations identified? by Greenstone?

A)the hostage taker talking more in general.
B)the hostage taker talking about similarities to the negotiator.
C)the hostage taker talking more about their personal life.
D)the hostage taker reflecting less violence in conversation.

Question 43

What is NOT an example of a part of police culture that might interfere with wellness training of law enforcement officers as mentioned in your text?

A)An illusion of invulnerability.
B)Lack of communication skills.
C)Suppression of emotion.
D)Emphasis on mental and physical toughness.

Question 44

Which of the following is the least effective method of apprehending a hostage taker?

A)Face-to-face
B)Public address system
C)Bullhorn
D)Telephone

Question 45

Comprehensive studies indicate that in the United States,approximately ___% of women are assaulted by their husbands.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 46

Compared to most other occupational groups,police have great ies in ___________.

A)marriage.
B)finances.
C)parenting.
D)changing jobs.

Question 47

Which of the following in NOT a reason why police should be cautious in enlisting a psychologist to assist in hostage negotiation?

A)Psychologists have little formal training on the topic
B)Predictors of probable dangerousness in a given person are very poor
C)Psychologists may side with the hostage taker,reflecting the Stockholm syndrome
D)Statistical methods are more accurate predictors of outcome than is clinical judgment

Question 48

Which is most effective in stopping repeated offenses of spousal abuse?

A)mediation
B)separation
C)arrest
D)referral

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic types of hostage-taker?

A)Criminal
B)Political activist or terrorist
C)Mentally disturbed person
D)Dedicated family member