Deck 15: Influencing Public Policy

Question 1

What was the outcome of the Bowers v.Hardwick case? What was the nature of

Answer 1

no answer

Question 2

How might have the APA brief filled in Bowers v. Hardwick influenced Lawrence v. Texas?

Answer 2

It seems like your question is incomplete, as the sentence "How might have the" does not provide enough context or information for me to generate a full answer. Could you please provide more details or clarify what you are asking about? Once you provide a complete question, I'll be able to give you a comprehensive answer.

Question 3

What does it mean when the Supreme Court grants certiorari?

Answer 3

no answer

Question 4

Did psychologists and other social scientists influence the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Brown v.Board of Education in 1954?

Question 5

Define an affirmative defense.

Question 6

Describe the facts,the decision,and the

Question 7

Discuss Atkins v.Virginia and Roper v.Simmons and how they compared to prior

Question 8

Describe the facts and decision in the case of Plessy v.Ferguson (1896).

Question 9

What outcome is more desirable when the

Question 10

Why is the case of Ballew v.Georgia (1978) of interest to psychologists?

Question 11

How is the effectiveness of an amicus brief assessed?

Question 12

What are guild issues?

Question 13

Why do Supreme Court justices not always agree with

Question 14

Describe some examples in which the

Question 15

When was the first amicus brief,sponsored by the American Psychological Association,submitted to the Supreme Court? What was the issue?

Question 16

Describe the facts,the decision,and the

Question 17

Distinguish between an advocacy brief and a science-translation brief.

Question 18

Why is the case of Muller v.Oregon,decided in 1908,of interest to psychologists?

Question 19

Describe two cases in which the Supreme Court generally agreed with the content and recommendations of the

Question 20

What are two goals of

Question 21

Claude Ballew was convicted of what charge?

A)Armed robbery
B)Sexual abuse
C)Murder
D)Obscenity

Question 22

What is NOT a reason cited by the Supreme Court for why size is related to a jury's function?

A)Jury size must be large enough to allow for better recall of testimony.
B)Jury size must be large enough to promote group deliberation.
C)Jury size must be large enough to be free from outside intimidation.
D)Jury size must be large enough to obtain a fair cross-section of the community.

Question 23

A statement by 30 prominent social scientists tried to influence the Supreme Court's decision in what case?

A)Plessy v.Ferguson
B)Muller v.Oregon
C)Dred Scott v.Sandford
D)Brown v.Board of Education

Question 24

Which case dealt with the right of psychologists as expert witnesses to state their professional opinions?

A)Bowers v.Hardwick
B)Maryland v.Craig
C)Jenkins v.United States
D)Ballew v.Georgia

Question 25

With regard to the American Psychological Association,which of the following court decisions reflects a guild issue?

A)Challenging the acceptability of insurance companies denying coverage when clients' treatment was by a psychologist instead of a psychiatrist
B)Challenging the admissibility of evidence based on a polygraph examination
C)Suggesting the lower limit on jury size
D)Advocating the right of a sexually abused child to testify via closed circuit television rather than in the courtroom

Question 26

When did the American Psychological Association,as an organization,submit its first amicus brief to the Supreme Court?

A)In 1954,on school desegregation
B)In 1962,on expert witnesses
C)In 1979,on jury research
D)In 1986,on homosexuality

Question 27

The use of psychologists as expert witnesses in legislative issues is

A)more common at the state rather than national level.
B)more common at the national rather than the state level.
C)equally common in the state and national levels.
D)not allowed at either the state or national level.

Question 28

What is NOT one of the ways psychologists may bring psychological knowledge to the attention of legislative bodies as discussed in the text?

A)Providing expert testimony at legislative hearings
B)Lobbying
C)Publishing articles in political science journals
D)Placing psychologists on legislative staffs

Question 29

The Supreme Court decision that established the principle of "separate but equal" accommodations for different races was

A)Plessy v.Ferguson.
B)Muller v.Oregon.
C)Dred Scott v.Sandford.
D)Brown v.Board of Education.

Question 30

A brief intended to be an objective summary of research is known as a

A)science-translation brief.
B)Brandeis brief.
C)advocacy brief.
D)fact witness brief.

Question 31

The first amicus brief that was composed largely of empirical findings rather than past cases and statutes was

A)Plessy v.Ferguson.
B)Muller v.Oregon.
C)Dred Scott v.Sandford.
D)Brown v.Board of Education.

Question 32

The issue considered by the Supreme Court in Ballew v.Georgia was

A)the use of death-qualified jurors.
B)the constitutionality of sexually-abused children testifying via closed-circuit television.
C)whether psychological injury needed to be demonstrated to justify sexual harassment.
D)the lower limit on jury size.

Question 33

The Supreme Court's decision clearly disagreed with the conclusions of

Question 34

What was the outcome of Claude Ballew's appeal to the Supreme Court?

A)His conviction was overturned,because too may potential jurors were dismissed.
B)His conviction was overturned,because the jury was too small.
C)His conviction was overturned,because he was denied the right to confront his accuser.
D)His conviction was upheld.

Question 35

Of the _______ cases appealed to the Supreme Court each year,it agrees to act on ______ of these.

A)1000;80 to 100
B)5000;500
C)500;25 to 30
D)7000;70 to 80

Question 36

A brief that takes a position on some legal or public policy issues is a

A)science-translation brief.
B)Brandeis brief.
C)advocacy brief.
D)fact witness brief.

Question 37

Currently,states and the federal government are required to have juries of at least what size?

A)5
B)6
C)8
D)9

Question 38

In its brief for the case of Harris v.Forklift Systems,Inc. ,the

Question 39

An en banc decision refers to a decision

A)from the Supreme Court.
B)that can not be appealed.
C)from the full court.
D)that favors the petitioner.

Question 40

A review of psychological research indicates that,in contrast to larger juries,smaller juries

A)are more likely to encourage dissent.
B)decrease the likelihood of a conviction
C)are less likely to fail to reach a verdict.
D)are less representative of majority viewpoints

Question 41

Which decision by the Supreme Court permitted traumatized children to testify via television rather than in the courtroom?

A)Bowers v.Hardwick
B)Maryland v.Craig
C)Jenkins v.United States
D)Ballew v.Georgia

Question 42

What is NOT one of the ways judges' values differ from psychologists?

A)Judges are more concerned with public safety.
B)Judges' values more often reflect that of the general public.
C)Judges are driven more by moral intuition.
D)Judges rely more on common sense.

Question 43

The use of death qualification means that more members of which groups are excluded from jury service because of their opposition to the death penalty?

A)Blacks and women
B)Blacks and men
C)Whites and women
D)Whites and men

Question 44

When the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case titled Lockhart v.McCree,the wording of the case's title meant that

A)Lockhart was the plaintiff.
B)Lockhart was the respondent.
C)the lower court had ruled in Lockhart's favor.
D)Lockhart was the appellant.

Question 45

When the Supreme Court decides to review a case,it

A)finds for the respondent.
B)finds for the petitioner.
C)acts en banc.
D)grants certiorari.

Question 46

In their written opinions,judges cite various types of sources.Which of the following is a secondary source?

A)Previous court decision
B)A law
C)A regulation
D)A law review article

Question 47

Ambuel and Rappaport compared the decision making of adolescents to adults on four measures of competence and found

A)Adolescents were less competent than adults on all measures.
B)Adolescents were more competent than adults on all measures.
C)Adolescents were as competent as adults on all measures.
D)Adolescents were less competent than adults on two measures and more competent on two measures.

Question 48

What is NOT an example of an affirmative defense?

A)Pleading not guilty by reason of insanity
B)Claiming the defendant acted in self-defense
C)Claiming that the defendant had an alibi for the crime
D)Arguing that police entrapped the defendant

Question 49

Which decision by the Supreme Court ordered that indigent defendants claiming insanity be provided a court-appointed psychiatrist?

A)Jenkins v.United States
B)Ake v.Oklahoma
C)Maryland v.Craig
D)Lockhart v.McCree

Question 50

How many circuit courts of appeal are there?

A)9
B)13
C)51
D)426

Question 51

A temptation of psychologists who submit amicus briefs to appellate courts is to

A)tell the judges how to interpret the Constitution.
B)make value judgments about the goals of the legal system.
C)answer legal questions.
D)All of these choices

Question 52

What happened to Glen Ake after the Supreme Court heard his case?

A)He was given a sentence of life in prison.
B)He was executed.
C)He was judged as not guilty by reason of insanity and released.
D)He was judges as guilty,but mentally ill,and confined to a hospital.

Question 53

How many justices are there on the Supreme Court?

A)7
B)8
C)9
D)11

Question 54

According to Shari Diamond,psychologists seeking to influence the courts should focus on trouble cases;these are cases

A)where legal doctrine doesn't provide the court with guidance.
B)in which psychological research conflicts with past court decisions.
C)which reflect unpopular causes,such as the rights of sexual predators to return to society after punishment.
D)in which lower courts have disagreed with each other.

Question 55

Describe the facts in the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. What was the decision? Why was the decision of importance to forensic psychologists?