Deck 13: Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Question 1

Male orgasmic disorder

A)is the most common sexual disorder in men.
B)is associated with childhood sexual abuse.
C)is a problem that is situationally bound.
D)is defined as persistent difficulty in ejaculating.

Answer 1

is defined as persistent difficulty in ejaculating.

Question 2

The traditional psychoanalytic theory about sexual dysfunctions views them as rooted in

A)excessive masturbation in childhood.
B)a deep-seated fear of intimacy.
C)repressed conflicts which are incompatible with sexual pleasure.
D)lack of gratification of oral needs in infancy.

Answer 2

repressed conflicts which are incompatible with sexual pleasure.

Question 3

Occasional symptoms of sexual dysfunction

A)are fairly common.
B)typically cause marked distress.
C)are only labeled if they reoccur.
D)require immediate treatment.

Answer 3

are fairly common.

Question 4

Female orgasmic disorder is defined as

A)lack of orgasm and no desire.
B)lack of orgasm without direct clitoral stimulation.
C)lack of orgasm despite normal sexual excitement and stimulation.
D)orgasm during masturbation only,if at all.

Question 5

Barbara is concerned about her husband's premature ejaculation,which occurs before she reaches orgasm.Which of the following phases of the sexual response cycle is problematic in Barbara's husband?

A)orgasm
B)excitement
C)resolution
D)desire

Question 6

In contrast to the general Victorian view,the contemporary Western world believes that ___________ of sexual expression contributes to problems.

A)an excess
B)inhibition
C)the amount
D)the type

Question 7

In the human sexual response cycle,what is the name of the phase in which blood flows to the genitalia and pleasurable sensations build?

A)desire
B)excitement
C)orgasm
D)anticipatory

Question 8

Which of the following lists the correct order for the four responses in the human sexual response cycle?

A)desire,excitement,orgasm and resolution
B)desire,excitement,resolution and climax
C)excitement,desire,orgasm and resolution
D)desire,orgasm,excitement and resolution

Question 9

According to traditional psychoanalytic theory about sexual dysfunctions,a woman with vaginismus

A)is trying to frustrate her partner.
B)is frigid.
C)is probably fixated at the oral stage of development.
D)may be expressing hostility toward men.

Question 10

Sexual contact with an adult during childhood is most associated with which of the following conditions in women?

A)vaginismus
B)premature ejaculation
C)female arousal disorder
D)dyspareunia

Question 11

Sexual desire can be affected in part by

A)anger towards one's partner.
B)communication problems.
C)certain medications such as SSRI's.
D)All of the above are correct

Question 12

People usually receive the diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder because

A)they are concerned about their inability to enjoy sexual fantasies.
B)they come for treatment of an orgasmic disorder which is found to have a basis in hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
C)their partner wants them to be more active sexually.
D)they wish to have children and recognize that their sexual problem must first be treated.

Question 13

Elizabeth is slipping into her nightgown and watching her husband get into bed.She is fantasizing about what they will soon be doing together.In which phase of the human sexual response cycle is Elizabeth at this moment?

A)resolution
B)orgasm
C)desire
D)excitement

Question 14

Hannah reports that she has a low sex drive and sometimes has trouble reaching orgasm.However,when asked by her doctor,she does not report distress or impairment from these symptoms.The most likely diagnosis for Hannah would be

A)female orgasmic disorder.
B)sexual aversion disorder.
C)Hannah would not receive a clinical diagnosis.
D)dyspareunia.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a phase in the sexual response cycle?

A)resolution
B)excitement
C)climax
D)desire

Question 16

When Sheila attempts to have sexual intercourse,the outer part of her vagina has an involuntary spasm,and it becomes impossible for her to have intercourse.Which of the following DSM-IV-TR diagnoses would fit Sheila's problem?

A)vaginismus
B)dyspareunia
C)female orgasmic disorder
D)sexual aversion disorder

Question 17

Joan experiences pain during sexual intercourse.The frequency of pain has been so great that she now dreads the prospect of possible sexual encounters despite experiencing sexual arousal while observing films depicting sexual acts other than intercourse.Joan most likely is suffering from

A)female orgasmic disorder.
B)dyspareunia.
C)imperforate hymen.
D)vaginismus.

Question 18

Jane is finding that her interest in sex has diminished greatly.She not only avoids having sexual contact with her husband,but has even stopped fantasizing and masturbating.Jane would be diagnosed as having which of the following DSM-IV-TR disorders?

A)female orgasm disorder
B)female sexual arousal disorder
C)hypoactive sexual desire disorder
D)None of the above are correct.

Question 19

Research suggests that gender differences in sexuality are

A)consistent across cultures.
B)vary greatly by culture.
C)are more of a result of culture than biology.
D)have changed greatly over the centuries.

Question 20

Which of the following is a current or proximal cause of sexual dysfunctions,according to Masters and Johnson?

A)psychosexual trauma
B)fear of performance
C)excessive intake of alcohol
D)homosexual inclinations

Question 21

In a study of the role of self-blame and erectile dysfunction,men who were given an internal explanation for their low arousal after watching erotic films

A)reported and showed less physiological arousal.
B)reported and showed more physiological arousal.
C)reported more,but showed less physiological arousal.
D)believed they had an erectile dysfunction.

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding gender identity disorder (GID)is true?

A)Most children with GID remain uncomfortable with their biological sex throughout their lives
B)Little boys rarely engage in traditional female play
C)The diagnosis of GID is more prevalent in adults than children
D)GID appears to be about 6 times more frequent in boys than girls

Question 23

During the first few days of Masters and Johnson's sex therapy,

A)couples are instructed to have sex as often as possible and to practice the techniques they are being taught.
B)couples are instructed not to make any changes in their sexual relationship until the assessment period is over.
C)couples are instructed not to engage in any sexual activity.
D)instructions about sexual activities vary depending on the particular dysfunction being treated.

Question 24

Bill and Deborah are in sex therapy.One exercise that they are directed to practice involves touching each other and feeling comfortable with contact,but without any sexual intercourse.This intervention is called

A)sensate focus.
B)sensuality training.
C)physical redirecting.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 25

Which of the following diagnoses is among the most debated in the DSM-IV-TR?

A)sexual aversion disorder
B)gender identity disorder
C)vaginismus
D)female sexual arousal disorder

Question 26

Studies indicate that __________ can interfere with specific sexual arousal.

A)erotic films
B)low general physiological arousal
C)low blood pressure
D)relaxation

Question 27

In sex therapy,the sensate focus exercise involves

A)having sexual intercourse without taking on the spectator role.
B)engaging in intercourse as often as possible to sensitize each other's bodies.
C)nonsexual touching.
D)caressing without engaging in intercourse.

Question 28

The preference for the sex of a partner is referred to as

A)sexual orientation.
B)sex role stereotype.
C)gender identity.
D)Oedipal identification.

Question 29

Which of the following psychological disorders are associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction?

A)borderline personality disorder and specific phobias
B)bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder
C)depression and anxiety
D)generalized anxiety disorder and dependent personality disorder

Question 30

The most common medical interventions for erectile dysfunction include

A)sildenafil (Viagra)and related medications.
B)silicone rod implants.
C)antidepressants such as SSRIs.
D)None of the above-there are no known medical interventions for erectile dysfunction

Question 31

The squeeze technique is used in the treatment of

A)vaginismus.
B)male orgasmic disorder.
C)dyspareunia.
D)premature ejaculation.

Question 32

Viagra,a medication that medically allows for improved erectile function,acts primarily by

A)increasing the level of dopamine,which is associated with sexual arousal.
B)relaxing smooth muscles allowing increased blood flow to the penis.
C)stimulating the amygdala in the limbic system.
D)inhibiting the response of the serotonin system.

Question 33

Gender identity disorders almost always begin in

A)childhood.
B)adolescence.
C)early adulthood.
D)middle age.

Question 34

A person with gender identity disorder is attracted to people

A)from the same sex.
B)from the opposite sex.
C)from the same or opposite sex.
D)with the same sexual orientation.

Question 35

Inclusion of the label gender identity disorder in DSM-IV-TR has been controversial in part because

A)no effective treatments are available.
B)inclusion fosters social prejudice.
C)diagnosis is highly subjective.
D)the label has been misused in court.

Question 36

Masters and Johnson found that many individuals who have sexual dysfunction

A)were college-educated.
B)had low socio-economic status.
C)had negative views of sexuality.
D)were encouraged to express their sexuality at a young age.

Question 37

One of the main arguments surrounding the inclusion of gender identity disorder in the DSM-IV-TR is

A)that its inclusion pathologizes a natural phenomenon which is often found in the animal kingdom.
B)that GID is more of a medical disorder than a psychological disorder.
C)that due to its rarity,GID should be re-labeled as a sexual disorder NOS.
D)that its inclusion encourages people to adopt behaviors of the opposite sex.

Question 38

The sense of being either male or female is referred to as

A)sexual orientation.
B)sex role stereotype.
C)gender identity.
D)Oedipal identification.

Question 39

For women with sexual dysfunctions in the context of marital relationship distress,which of the following has been found to improve many aspects of sexual functioning?

A)SSRI medications
B)behavioral marital couple's therapy
C)anti-anxiety medications
D)psychoanalysis

Question 40

Directed masturbation is often used

A)to train individuals who have difficulty achieving orgasm.
B)as a means for re-directing attention from inappropriate sexual stimuli.
C)for excessive sexual appetite.
D)as part of a program of treatment for sex offenders.

Question 41

Regarding behavioral treatment to alter gender identity,which of the following is true?

A)Most individuals with GID reject this option
B)It is more effective with men
C)Success rates have not been examined
D)It is effective when combined with medication

Question 42

Voyeurs (peeping Toms)are typically

A)disturbed,confused,and do not understand social codes.
B)angry,violent,controlling,and hostile toward women in general.
C)rigidly moralistic,ashamed of their uncontrollable sexual urges.
D)fearful of actual sexual contact with a woman.

Question 43

Which of the following would be most stimulating to a voyeur?

A)a woman undressing privately,unaware that he is watching.
B)a prostitute undressing for him.
C)a beautiful but proper woman undressing for his exclusive benefit.
D)a couple having sexual relations in the same room as him,while he observes but does not participate.

Question 44

In the Green and Fleming (1990)review,which of the following factors were found to predict successful adjustment following sex-reassignment surgery?

A)adequate understanding of the limitations of surgery
B)emotional stability
C)psychotherapy in the context of a gender-identity program
D)All of the above choices are correct.

Question 45

Which of the following disorders is most associated with legal consequences?

A)gender identity disorder
B)schizophrenia
C)paraphilias
D)dyspareunia

Question 46

Which of the following appears to be a potential cause of gender identity disorder in children?

A)parents who allow cross-gender play interests
B)mothers who took hormones during pregnancy
C)fathers who do not provide clear role models
D)parents who did not discourage cross-dressing behaviors

Question 47

Fetishists are sexually aroused by

A)inanimate objects.
B)exposing themselves to people while masturbating.
C)observing other people engaging in sexual activity.
D)children.

Question 48

Ben can only become sexually aroused when he is wearing women's clothing.He especially enjoys having sexual relations with his wife while he is wearing her garments.Which of the following diagnoses would fit Ben's case?

A)transvestism
B)transsexualism
C)voyeurism
D)exhibitionism

Question 49

The negative cycle leading to child molestation involves

A)sexual fantasy while depressed,which leads to additional depression.
B)social scorn from others,leading to sexual advances on children.
C)family stress,leading to isolation,leading to sexual advances on children.
D)None of the above depict a cycle leading to molestation.

Question 50

Transvestic fetishism

A)typically disappears by adulthood.
B)is part of gender identity disorder.
C)occurs equally in men and women.
D)refers to sexual arousal from cross-dressing.

Question 51

The case of John/Joan illustrates

A)that gender identity is primarily learned from the environment.
B)gender confusion is the net result of being raised as though one were a member of the opposite gender.
C)gender identity appears largely biologically based.
D)that masculine attributes are internalized,while feminine attributes are externalized.

Question 52

In sex-reassignment surgery,

A)opposite-sex genitals are constructed and hormones are taken.
B)genital transplants are inserted from donors.
C)hormones are taken but genitals are left intact.
D)secondary features (e.g. ,Adam's apple,chin,nose)are altered,but genitals are left intact.

Question 53

Children whose mothers had abnormal hormone levels during pregnancy tend to have

A)childhood gender identity disorder.
B)abnormal hormone levels.
C)opposite-gender play.
D)cross-dressing tendencies.

Question 54

Most exhibitionists

A)do not seek physical contact with their victims.
B)seek to persuade the woman to have physical contact without using force.
C)seek to force physical contact with their victims,but stop short of rape.
D)go on to commit rape.

Question 55

Child molesters are usually

A)women,contrary to popular images.
B)other children.
C)strangers who molest children out of anger,not for sexual gratification.
D)men whom the child knows.

Question 56

The incest taboo

A)is limited to Western societies.
B)appears to have evolutionary significance.
C)produces guilt in the assailant.
D)generalizes to pedophilic urges.

Question 57

Someone who derives sexual pleasure from contact with prepubertal children is a(n)

A)fetishist.
B)exhibitionist.
C)pedophile.
D)person with gender identity disorder of childhood.

Question 58

John would like to have sex-reassignment surgery.Before undergoing treatment,John must

A)take a personality test to ensure that he is suitable.
B)undergo six to twelve months of living as the desired gender and take part in psychotherapy.
C)receive counseling regarding the desirable aspects of his birth gender.
D)visit a properly trained physician.

Question 59

What are the results of research into a hormonal basis for gender identity disorder?

A)No hormonal differences have been found.
B)Hormonal factors are always important.
C)Hormonal differences predispose individuals to gender identity disorder.
D)The few differences found only explain some aspects of gender identity disorder.

Question 60

Child molesters frequently deny that they are forcing themselves on the victim because

A)they leave no physical marks.
B)they threaten the child to deny the incident.
C)there is rarely physical force,but instead coercion.
D)the child may not understand the significance of being molested.

Question 61

Carlos had a shoe fetish which he wished to overcome.His therapist had him view slides of shoes while giving him mild electric shocks.This is an example of

A)aversion therapy.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)orgasmic reorientation.
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT).

Question 62

A meta-analysis of studies in which men viewed videos containing violent sexual activities indicated that after watching these videos,

A)men were more likely to commit violence towards women in the weeks following the viewing of the videos.
B)men were less likely to report that violence towards women was acceptable.
C)men were more likely to report that violence towards women was acceptable.
D)men were more sexually aroused after watching violent sexual activities than non-violent sexual activities.

Question 63

Speculations about the role of hormones in paraphilias center on

A)androgens.
B)progesterone.
C)estrogen.
D)All of the above are correct

Question 64

All of the following are reasons why women often do not report rapes EXCEPT

A)believing the police would be of little assistance.
B)fearing that the rapist or his family and friends may seek revenge.
C)fearing that people will think she has a paraphilia.
D)considering rape to be a private and personal matter.

Question 65

Statutory rape refers to

A)father-daughter incest.
B)rape between a husband and wife.
C)sexual intercourse between an adult and a minor.
D)"date rape".

Question 66

A behavioral hypothesis regarding the etiology of paraphilias is based on ____________ theory.

A)classical conditioning
B)Oedipal
C)systematic desensitization
D)modeling

Question 67

Which is a common component of psychological treatment of paraphilias?

A)support groups modeled on alcoholics anonymous
B)challenging distorted beliefs
C)reinforcing appropriate sex
D)exercise and diet to reduce urges

Question 68

Megan's law involves

A)notification of members of a community when a convicted sex offender is released and moving into that neighborhood.
B)additional compensation for victims' families following sex crimes.
C)more rigid conviction standards for sex offenders.
D)mandates intensive therapy for sex offenders following their first offense.

Question 69

Which of the following disorders is most likely to develop in the aftermath of rape?

A)paranoid personality disorder
B)posttraumatic stress disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)masochistic personality disorder

Question 70

Ethan engaged in exhibitionism.After one occasion,he remarked to his therapist that his victim "kept looking at me,like she wanted it." This is an example of

A)minimizing sexual intent.
B)minimizing consequences.
C)misattributing blame.
D)justifying the cause.

Question 71

Bryant,as part of his treatment for committing incest,was trained to experience empathy for his victims.He was likely receiving

A)object-relations psychodynamic therapy.
B)behavioral therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)family therapy.

Question 72

Mark was an exhibitionist,getting sexual gratification only from exposing his genitals to unsuspecting women at bus stops.He went to Dr.Grind,a psychoanalyst,for treatment.What would Dr.Grind view as the cause of Mark's problem?

A)fixation at an immature stage and fear of heterosexual relationships
B)childhood experience in which he was caught masturbating and found the experience arousing
C)castration anxiety leading to extreme hatred of women
D)serious marital problems and religious prohibitions

Question 73

After exhibiting,Ethan said of his victim "she smiled,so I guess she was amused." This is an example of

A)minimizing sexual intent.
B)minimizing consequences.
C)attributing blame.
D)justifying the cause.

Question 74

Sexual sadism is defined by an intense desire to obtain sexual gratification by ____________ while sexual masochism is defined by an intense desire to obtain sexual gratification through ____________.

A)inflicting pain on another;subjecting oneself to pain
B)subjecting oneself to pain;inflicting pain on another
C)watching another undress;exposing oneself
D)exposing oneself;watching another undress

Question 75

Rapists who enter therapy for their behavior do best when

A)the groups are highly confrontational.
B)they complete the therapy program.
C)they receive support from their family.
D)they begin dating again.

Question 76

Which is commonly offered as a psychological possibility for the development of paraphilias?

A)high need for sexual novelty.
B)social acceptance of unconventional sex.
C)accidental classical conditioning.
D)lack of interest in conventional sex.

Question 77

Most rapists

A)share a high degree of hostility towards women.
B)are shy and reserved.
C)can be readily distinguished from non-rapists on the basis of physical characteristics.
D)are also voyeurs.

Question 78

Rape in wartime

A)is very common.
B)is not considered a war crime.
C)is accepted.
D)All of the above choices are correct.

Question 79

Frotteurism involves

A)the sexually oriented touching of an unsuspecting person.
B)the exposing of oneself to others to achieve sexual stimulation.
C)incestuous behavior.
D)None of the above

Question 80

Describe behavior therapy for rapists.What are some differences from treatment for exhibitionists?