Deck 5: The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Question 1

The colonists' real objections to the Sugar Act stemmed from which of the following?

A) The high taxes,which would bankrupt many merchants
B) Its strict penalties,which discouraged smuggling and raised prices
C) The growing administrative power of the British government over the colonies
D) Britain's intention to make the colonists pay for their own defense

Answer 1

The growing administrative power of the British government over the colonies

Question 2

At the same time as Parliament imposed the Stamp Act,it also passed the Quartering Act,which required

A) Americans to vacate their houses or take in British troops on the demand of any commander.
B) colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops sent to America to protect them.
C) that treasonous Americans be hanged and "quartered";that is,cut into four pieces by the hangman.
D) that collectors of the Stamp Tax receive a commission of one-quarter of the revenue they took in.

Answer 2

colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops sent to America to protect them.

Question 3

The Stamp Act was instituted by Parliament in the colonies in 1765;it was

A) part of England's plan to create a more centralized imperial system in America.
B) barely passed by a divided Parliament deeply concerned about American opposition.
C) problematic because it bore heavily on the poorest colonists and exempted the rich.
D) supported by Benjamin Franklin and other prominent colonial leaders as a reasonable tax.

Answer 3

part of England's plan to create a more centralized imperial system in America.

Question 4

Members of activist groups,such as the Sons of Liberty,were typically which of the following?

A) Leading colonial lawyers and merchants
B) Unemployed workers with little to lose from rioting
C) Artisans,shopkeepers,poor laborers,and seamen
D) Outside agitators looking to create disorder

Question 5

On what basis did the American colonists object to the vice-admiralty courts in which violators of the Sugar Act were tried?

A) They were administered by the British Navy rather than civilian officials.
B) These courts were located in Britain and defendants were required to pay for travel.
C) The courts were run by British-appointed judges.
D) Colonists did not believe they should be prosecuted by the same courts as British criminals.

Question 6

Which of the following factors was among those that motivated many merchants,artisans,and journeymen to protest against the Stamp Act?

A) Widespread wage cuts and price increases
B) Fear that their personal liberty would be undermined
C) Their desire to create an American democracy
D) Religious fervor stimulated by the Great Awakening

Question 7

Why did the British General Gage refuse to use his military force to protect the stamps that were to be used once the Stamp Act took effect?

A) Gage himself believed that the Stamp Act was constitutionally problematic.
B) He knew his force was too small to effectively quell the widespread protests.
C) Gage believed that military force would disperse the protests but spark an insurrection.
D) He recognized that a new military conflict would only drain Britain's coffers further.

Question 8

George Grenville designed the Sugar Act of 1764 to accomplish which of the following?

A) Improve colonial merchants' compliance with customs laws
B) Increase the tax rate on American sugar imports
C) Prohibit colonists from importing molasses from the West Indies
D) Shut down the production and sale of rum in the American colonies

Question 9

How did British politicians respond to the Americans' cry of "no taxation without representation"?

A) Parliament pursued stricter enforcement of the Stamp Act.
B) They passed the Revenue Act to replace the Stamp Act.
C) Politicians argued that the colonists already had virtual representation.
D) They suggested that Americans had representation through their own colonial legislatures.

Question 10

Which of the following was one reason the British sent 7,500 troops to North America after the end of the Great War for Empire in 1763?

A) Military reinforcements were needed to protect the colonies from the Spanish.
B) The British government sought to prevent future Indian uprisings on the frontier.
C) The new era of peace in Europe required Britain to contrive another purpose for its troops.
D) Britain deployed new troops to America to rebuild the areas destroyed during the war.

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes the Stamp Act Congress,which was held in New York in 1765?

A) The Congress was a failure because the nine colonies represented could not agree on a unified policy.
B) The delegates protested loss of American liberties and challenged the act's constitutionality.
C) Congressional delegates formulated a set of resolves that threatened rebellion against Britain.
D) The group issued a statement that accepted the constitutionality of the Sugar Act,but not the Stamp Act.

Question 12

What percentage of the average American colonist's income in the 1760s was typically spent on taxes?

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 13

Which of the following was part of British Parliament's effort to govern the colonies after the Great War for Empire ended in 1763?

A) The seizure of American vessels carrying supplies from the mainland to the French West Indies
B) The practice of turning a blind eye when colonial merchants ignored trade regulations
C) Leasing jobs in the royal customs departments in the colonies in order to raise more money
D) Replacing the Navigation Acts with free-trade reforms to promote rapid economic growth

Question 14

George Grenville conceived the Sugar Act of 1764 to replace which of the following acts?

A) The Currency Act of 1764
B) The Proclamation of 1763
C) The Excise Act of 1756
D) The Molasses Act of 1733

Question 15

Patriots' widely publicized use of natural rights arguments to protest British actions in the 1760s inspired which of the following?

A) Irish Catholics to start their own movement to oust British colonizers from their country
B) Native Americans in New York and western Pennsylvania to declare their national sovereignty
C) African American slaves to petition the Massachusetts legislature for the abolition of slavery
D) Great Britain's decision to clamp down on American newspapers and printing businesses

Question 16

How did Britain's skyrocketing national debt affect its government in England and America in the 1760s?

A) The need for higher taxes spurred Britain to increase the size and power of its bureaucracy in England and America.
B) Britain's debt crisis led the Parliament to suspend the colonies' royal governorships and decrease its subsidies to the monarchy.
C) Americans' cooperation with the new tax code allowed Britain to transfer government officials from the colonies back to London.
D) In response to the fiscal crisis,Parliament reduced the size of its domestic and colonial tax bureaucracies,but it increased their power dramatically.

Question 17

John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania was a response to which of the following policies?

A) The Stamp Act
B) The Currency Act
C) The Townshend Acts
D) The Proclamation of 1763

Question 18

Which of the following statements characterizes responses to the planned Stamp Act?

A) Colonial leaders agreed with Franklin's proposal,arguing that delegates from the colonies could exert great power in Parliament.
B) Many Americans would probably have accepted the act if they had also gained representation in Parliament.
C) Thinking that Parliament was bluffing,most Americans paid little attention to the issue until the act went into effect.
D) British politicians,with the exception of William Pitt,refused to consider the idea of American representation in Parliament.

Question 19

In the 1760s and early 1770s,lawyers and other educated Americans used common-law arguments mainly to

A) justify violent resistance to the Stamp Act.
B) call for the overthrow of King George III.
C) justify smuggling in violation of the Navigation Acts.
D) assert the colonists' rights and liberties as Englishmen.

Question 20

Which of the following statements characterizes the British government's attempts to meet its war debt following the Great War for Empire?

A) The British Parliament raised the taxes on land throughout North America.
B) To cut costs,Britain decreased the size of its bureaucracy,especially the customs department.
C) Parliament decreased the import duties on consumables to increase both sales and revenue.
D) Parliament increased import taxes on items used by the poor and middling classes such as sugar and beer.

Question 21

Which of the following statements most describes the colonial boycott efforts of 1768-1769?

A) The boycott failed because southern merchants refused to support the northern organizers.
B) Merchants and consumers needed little persuasion to join the boycott.
C) Consumers in the colonies disagreed over which imported items to boycott.
D) Support began in seaport cities,then spread to more major population centers.

Question 22

By 1770,after five years of crisis and debate over American sovereignty,

A) most Americans wanted to sever their connection to the British Empire and renounce loyalty to George III.
B) outspoken colonial leaders had repudiated Parliament and claimed equality for their own assemblies under the king.
C) Thomas Hutchinson and many other British officials accepted the idea of colonial representatives serving in Parliament.
D) George III was willing to take the title of "King of America," but Parliamentary leaders refused to divide sovereignty in this manner.

Question 23

Why did New Englanders resent the Quebec Act of 1774?

A) It recognized Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec.
B) They had land claims that overlapped the new boundaries of Quebec.
C) The bill cut severely into the region's thriving trade with French Canada.
D) The measure gave southern colonies an advantage in settling the Ohio region.

Question 24

Which of the following describes the First Continental Congress of 1774?

A) Patriot leaders convened the group in response to the imposition of the Coercive Acts.
B) The group united representatives from all of the British colonies in North America.
C) It reviewed and accepted Joseph Galloway's Plan of Union.
D) Delegates drafted and passed a conciliatory declaration of rights and grievances.

Question 25

For which of the following reasons did the British government resolve to punish the boycotters and enforce the Townshend Duties by 1769?

A) The boycott's negative effect was less than the government expected because so few people complied.
B) Hard-hit by the boycott,British merchants and manufacturers petitioned Parliament to repeal the Townshend Duties.
C) Disappointed by American-made products,many colonists had stopped boycotting British products by this time.
D) The Radical Whig John Wilkes,an American sympathizer,became leader of the majority in the House of Commons.

Question 26

The Townshend Acts of 1767 imposed duties on which of the following goods?

A) Molasses and wheat exported to countries in continental Europe
B) All British-manufactured goods and tea imported into the colonies
C) Paper,paint,glass,and tea imported into the colonies
D) Indigo,wool,lumber,and naval supplies exported to Britain from the colonies

Question 27

The 1774 Coercive Acts applied to which of the following colonies?

A) All thirteen
B) Massachusetts,New York,Pennsylvania,and Virginia
C) Virginia,Massachusetts,and Rhode Island
D) Massachusetts only

Question 28

In the decade before the American Revolution,the colonists achieved the greatest effect by using which of the following means of protest?

A) Boycotts
B) Strikes
C) Petitions
D) Riots

Question 29

In which of the following ways did the Rockingham ministry in Britain fashion a compromise to the Stamp Act crisis in 1766?

A) The Earl of Rockingham repealed both the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act.
B) The ministry reaffirmed the Sugar Act,repealed the Stamp Act,and stationed troops in Boston.
C) It repealed the Stamp Act,lowered the molasses tax,and crafted the Declaratory Act.
D) It revised the Sugar Act to apply only to molasses produced on British sugar islands.

Question 30

Why did radical Patriots in the colonies object to the Tea Act of 1773?

A) It threatened to bankrupt most colonial tea merchants.
B) They saw it as a bribe to eliminate colonial tax resistance.
C) The law favored English tea over Dutch tea,which they preferred.
D) Parliament enacted it without consulting the colonies first.

Question 31

For this question,refer to the following two excerpts. "[T]he Colonies,had all along neglected to cultivate a proper understanding with the Indians,and from a mistaken notion,have greatly dispised them,without considering,that it is in their power at pleasure to lay waste and destroy the Frontiers....Without any exageration,I look upon the Northern Indians to be the most formidable of any uncivilized body of people in the World.Hunting and War are their sole occupations,and the one qualifies them for the other,they have few wants,and those are easily supplied,their properties of little value,consequently,expeditions against them however successful,cannot distress them,and they have courage sufficient for their manner of fighting,the nature and situation of their Countrys,require not more."
William Johnson to the British Lords of Trade,1763
"Brethren,in former times our forefathers and yours lived in great friendship together and often met to strengthen the chain of their friendship.As your people grew numerous we made room for them and came over the Great Mountains to Ohio....Soon after a number of your people came over the Great Mountains and settled on our lands.We complained of their encroachments into our country,and,brethren,you either could not or would not remove them....Therefore,brethren,unless you can fall upon some method of governing your people who live between the Great Mountains and the Ohio River and who are now very numerous,it will be out of the Indians' power to govern their young men,for we assure you the black clouds begin to gather fast in this country....We find your people are very fond of our rich land.We see them quarrelling every day about land and burning one another's houses.So that we do not know how soon they may come over the River Ohio and drive us from our villages,nor do we see you brethren take any care to stop them."
John Killbuck Jr. ,or Gelelemend,to the governors of Pennsylvania,Maryland,and Virginia,December 1771
Which of the following changes over time between the writing of the first and second passages was the most contextually significant?

A) The increase in flow of trade goods and diseases
B) The French withdrawal from North America and subsequent attempts of Native American groups to reassert their power
C) The diminishing regional distinctiveness among the British colonies
D) Colonizing efforts that led to an accommodation with some aspects of American Indian culture

Question 32

Which of the following actions did the First Continental Congress ultimately decide to implement in 1774?

A) Requesting that Thomas Jefferson draft a document outlining the rights and grievances of the American colonies
B) Declaring itself a sovereign political body composed of representatives from each colony's assembly
C) Threatening to cut off almost all American exports to Britain,Ireland,and the West Indies
D) Sending a delegation of representatives to make the American colonies' case in an upcoming meeting of Parliament

Question 33

Which of the following statements describes the Boston Massacre,which took place on March 5,1770?

A) American rioters ransacked the five stores selling British goods and hanged their owners in public.
B) British troops hanged five protesters found guilty of treason against Parliament and the king.
C) British troops burned the Massachusetts colonial assembly building and killed two members.
D) Five Bostonians were shot and killed by British troops who were later exonerated of the crime.

Question 34

Which aspect of the Townshend Acts posed a great danger to American political autonomy,according to the colonists?

A) The use of internal tax revenue to pay royal officials
B) Its incompatibility with English common law
C) High tariffs on paint and paper
D) Reduction of the English land tax

Question 35

Which Patriot leader persuaded Bostonians to create the first committee of correspondence?

A) John Adams
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) George Washington
D) Samuel Adams

Question 36

How did the Daughters of Liberty contribute to the American boycott of British goods in the late 1760s?

A) They published the names of merchants who imported British goods.
B) Women joined public protests demanding the resignation of British officials.
C) They promoted nonimportation by making and wearing homespun cloth.
D) The group amassed signatures and sent petitions to Parliament for redress.

Question 37

Which of the following was the purpose of the Tea Act imposed by Parliament on the colonies in May 1773?

A) It was intended to break the American boycott of tea imports from England.
B) Parliament passed the Tea Act to raise more revenue from the sale of tea in order to cover military costs in North America.
C) The British needed to bail out the financially strapped British East India Company.
D) Parliament meant to punish the Americans for importing tea from Holland.

Question 38

At the First Continental Congress in 1774,New England delegates advocated which of the following plans?

A) Immediate war with Britain
B) The pursuit of a military alliance with Spain
C) Political union and defensive military preparations
D) The Congress's seizure of British Canada

Question 39

How did the Stamp Act crisis of 1765 compare to the crisis over the Townshend duties in 1768?

A) The Americans were victors in the first crisis,but in the second they had to retreat and accept humiliating British terms,which they resolved to throw off at the first opportunity.
B) The stakes had risen: In 1765,American resistance to taxation had provoked an argument in Parliament;in 1768,it produced a British plan for military coercion.
C) The Americans won both confrontations,reinforcing convictions in Parliament that the colonies were not to be trifled with;only George III and Lord North stubbornly kept demanding concessions.
D) The two crises had the cumulative effect of greatly increasing the strength of England's pro-American radicals,led by John Wilkes,in Parliament.

Question 40

For this question,refer to the following two excerpts. "[T]he Colonies,had all along neglected to cultivate a proper understanding with the Indians,and from a mistaken notion,have greatly dispised them,without considering,that it is in their power at pleasure to lay waste and destroy the Frontiers....Without any exageration,I look upon the Northern Indians to be the most formidable of any uncivilized body of people in the World.Hunting and War are their sole occupations,and the one qualifies them for the other,they have few wants,and those are easily supplied,their properties of little value,consequently,expeditions against them however successful,cannot distress them,and they have courage sufficient for their manner of fighting,the nature and situation of their Countrys,require not more."
William Johnson to the British Lords of Trade,1763
"Brethren,in former times our forefathers and yours lived in great friendship together and often met to strengthen the chain of their friendship.As your people grew numerous we made room for them and came over the Great Mountains to Ohio....Soon after a number of your people came over the Great Mountains and settled on our lands.We complained of their encroachments into our country,and,brethren,you either could not or would not remove them....Therefore,brethren,unless you can fall upon some method of governing your people who live between the Great Mountains and the Ohio River and who are now very numerous,it will be out of the Indians' power to govern their young men,for we assure you the black clouds begin to gather fast in this country....We find your people are very fond of our rich land.We see them quarrelling every day about land and burning one another's houses.So that we do not know how soon they may come over the River Ohio and drive us from our villages,nor do we see you brethren take any care to stop them."
John Killbuck Jr. ,or Gelelemend,to the governors of Pennsylvania,Maryland,and Virginia,December 1771
Which of the following most directly resulted from the issues described in the two passages above?

A) Indian nations shifted their alliances among competing European powers.
B) New distinctive backcountry cultures were created.
C) Resistance to imperial control within the colonies increased.
D) Western migration extended republican institutions into new territories.

Question 41

Answer the following questions :
vice-admiralty courts

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 42

Answer the following questions :
Quartering Act of 1765

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 43

Which of the following events took place during the Second Continental Congress in 1775?

A) Delegates elected Sam Adams as president.
B) George Washington became head of the Continental army.
C) The body rejected John Adams's proposal for reconciliation.
D) Southerners agreed to emancipate all slaves who helped fight the British.

Question 44

Who led the moderate faction at the Second Continental Congress and won approval of a petition expressing loyalty to George III and asking for a repeal of oppressive parliamentary legislation?

A) John Adams
B) Thomas Gage
C) Thomas Paine
D) John Dickinson

Question 45

Why did Chesapeake slave owners increasingly rally to the Patriot cause?

A) Southern slave owners needed northerners' support to ensure the preservation of the institution of slavery throughout the colonies.
B) The southern gentry blamed British economic regulations for the drop in their standard of living to a level below that of northern farmers.
C) They feared the British would seize control of courts and assemblies in the South if they succeeded in doing so in Massachusetts.
D) They conducted most of their economic transactions through Boston or New York,which were already embroiled in the crisis.

Question 46

What finally prompted many southern yeomen and tenant farmers to support independence from Britain in 1775?

A) The harsh tactics employed by the British military in the North
B) The economic blockade imposed by the British Navy in the Atlantic
C) Virginia's royal governor's promise to free any slave who joined the Loyalists
D) The angry Parliament's threat to ban the use of tobacco throughout the British Empire

Question 47

Answer the following questions :
English common law

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 48

Answer the following questions :
natural rights

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 49

Which of the following outcomes resulted from the Continental Congress's approval of the Declaration of Independence?

A) The British hired mercenaries to fight the Patriots.
B) It prompted the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
C) Mobs toppled statues of King George III.
D) Britain withdrew its troops from New York.

Question 50

Answer the following questions :
virtual representation

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 51

Which of the following actions did Lord North's government take in response to the First Continental Congress in 1775?

A) Labeling the Continental Congress an illegal assembly
B) Demanding that Americans acknowledge Parliamentary supremacy
C) Sending commissioners to the colonies to negotiate a settlement
D) Disarming and decommissioning colonial militias

Question 52

Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of the April 1776 Battle of Lexington and Concord?

A) The bloodshed that took place made further compromise highly unlikely.
B) Hundreds of British soldiers were killed in each battle.
C) Colonial militias were caught off guard by the surprise British attack.
D) The British captured rebel weapons and several prominent Patriot leaders.

Question 53

Answer the following questions :
Second Continental Congress

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 54

Answer the following questions :
committees of correspondence

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 55

Answer the following questions :
Tea Act of May 1773

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 56

Answer the following questions :
Continental Congress

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 57

Which of the following statements characterizes the participation of farmers in the Patriot movement by 1774?

A) Farmers,angered by high taxes and Britain's demands that their sons do military service,increasingly backed the rebel cause.
B) American sentiment against the British royal officials was initially aroused by farmers' protests.
C) Traditionally conservative,most farmers wanted nothing to do with the urban-based rebel movement.
D) Farmers supported the boycotts because increased domestic demand pushed up prices on agricultural products.

Question 58

Answer the following questions :
Townshend Act of 1767

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 59

Which of the following individuals would have been an unlikely Loyalist in 1776?

A) A Pennsylvania Quaker
B) A tenant farmer in New York's Hudson River Valley
C) A yeoman farmer in Connecticut
D) An Anglican minister in Virginia

Question 60

Why was the popular pamphlet entitled Common Sense significant?

A) It called for republicanism and convinced many colonists of the need to fight for American independence.
B) The pamphlet was ghostwritten by Benjamin Franklin,who refused to attach his name to the work because of its radical message.
C) Author Thomas Paine begged the Patriots to use "common sense" and restore harmony with Britain before the colonies were "laid in blood and ashes."
D) It urged ordinary Americans to revolt,not only against the king and Parliament,but also against wealthy merchants and planters.

Question 61

Answer the following questions :
Declaration of Independence

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 62

What were the core constitutional principles over which the colonists and the ministers in Parliament disagreed?

Question 63

Why did the colonists object to the new taxes in 1764 and again in 1765? What arguments did they use?

Question 64

What were the goals of British imperial reformers in the American colonies between 1763 and 1776?

Question 65

Answer the following questions :
Stamp Act of 1765

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 66

Answer the following questions :
Stamp Act Congress

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 67

Answer the following questions :
Minutemen

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 68

Why did the Tea Act reignite colonial resistance in 1773?

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
Coercive Acts

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 70

Weigh the importance of economic and ideological motives in creating and sustaining the colonial resistance movement.Which was more important? Why?

Question 71

Answer the following questions :
Declaratory Act of 1766

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 72

Answer the following questions :
Dunmore's War

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 73

Answer the following questions :
nonimportation movement

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 74

Why did the Patriot movement wane in the early 1770s?

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
popular sovereignty

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 76

Answer the following questions :
Sons of Liberty

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 77

Answer the following questions :
Continental Association

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.

Question 78

How did the Great War for Empire change the relationship between England and its American colonies?

Question 79

If Grenville's and Townshend's initiatives had been successful,how would the character of the British imperial system have changed?

Question 80

Answer the following questions :
Sugar Act of 1764

A)British law that decreased the duty on French molasses,making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law,and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling.The act enraged New England merchants,who opposed both the tax and the fact that prosecuted merchants would be tried by British-appointed judges in a vice-admiralty court.
B)A maritime tribunal presided over by a royally appointed judge,with no jury.
C)British law imposing a tax on all paper used in the colonies.Widespread resistance to the Stamp Act prevented it from taking effect and led to its repeal in 1766.
D)The claim made by British politicians that the interests of the American colonists were adequately represented in Parliament by merchants who traded with the colonies and by absentee landlords (mostly sugar planters)who owned estates in the West Indies.
E)A British law passed by Parliament at the request of General Thomas Gage,the British military commander in America,that required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops.
F)A congress of delegates from nine assemblies that met in New York City in October 1765 to protest the loss of American "rights and liberties," especially the right to trial by jury.The congress challenged the constitutionality of both the Stamp and Sugar Acts by declaring that only the colonists' elected representatives could tax them.
G)Colonists-primarily middling merchants and artisans-who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms of the 1760s.The group originated in Boston in 1765 but soon spread to all the colonies.
H)The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain.
K)British law that established new duties on tea,glass,lead,paper,and painters' colors imported into the colonies.These laws led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.
L)Colonists attempted nonimportation agreements three times: in 1766,in response to the Stamp Act;in 1768,in response to the Townshend duties;and in 1774,in response to the Coercive Acts.In each case,colonial radicals pressured merchants to stop importing British goods.In 1774 this policy was adopted by the First Continental Congress and enforced by the Continental Association.American women became crucial to the movement by reducing their households' consumption of imported goods and producing large quantities of homespun cloth.
M)A communications network established among towns in the colonies,and among colonial assemblies,between 1772 and 1773 to provide for rapid dissemination of news about important political developments.
N)British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it.Resistance to this act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.
O)Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea.Known in America as the Intolerable Acts,they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies.
P)September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts.The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain.
Q)An association established in 1774 by the First Continental Congress to enforce a boycott of British goods.
R)A 1774 war led by Virginia's royal governor,the Earl of Dunmore,against the Ohio Shawnees,who had a long-standing claim to Kentucky as a hunting ground.The Shawnees were defeated and Dunmore and his militia forces claimed Kentucky as their own.
S)Colonial militiamen who stood ready to mobilize on short notice during the imperial crisis of the 1770s.These volunteers formed the core of the citizens' army that met British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
T)Legislative body that governed the United States from May 1775 through the war's duration.It established an army,created its own money,and declared independence once all hope for a peaceful reconciliation with Britain was gone.
U)A document containing philosophical principles and a list of grievances that declared separation from Britain.Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,it ended a period of intense debate with moderates still hoping to reconcile with Britain.
V)The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate.