Deck 28: The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Question 1

Which of these developments spurred the birth of the modern environmentalist movement?

A) Theodore Roosevelt's presidency
B) The publication of Silent Spring in 1962
C) The first celebration of Earth Day in 1970
D) Public outcry against illegal waste dumps in Toledo,Ohio

Answer 1

The publication of Silent Spring in 1962

Question 2

Which of the following statements describes the Nixon administration's domestic policies?

A) Nixon vetoed nearly all of the environmental laws passed by Congress during his time in office.
B) Nixon was blocked by Congress from impounding billions of dollars appropriated for social and environmental programs.
C) Nixon successfully vetoed a bill to reform the social welfare system by eliminating Aid to Dependent Children.
D) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)was signed into law by Nixon and had broad bipartisan support.

Answer 2

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)was signed into law by Nixon and had broad bipartisan support.

Question 3

Which of the following statements characterizes the energy needs and resources that the United States faced in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

A) The United States continued to produce enough petroleum to meet all its needs,but the price was rising sharply.
B) The United States was rapidly substituting nuclear and hydroelectric power for most of its energy needs except gasoline.
C) The United States,once the world's leading producer of oil,had become heavily dependent on imported oil.
D) American output of petroleum had declined dramatically,forcing the United States to buy almost all of its oil from Africa.

Answer 3

The United States,once the world's leading producer of oil,had become heavily dependent on imported oil.

Question 4

For this question,refer to the following photograph of an old steel mill being demolished during the 1980s. Which of the following was an important effect of the historical process depicted in the photograph above?

A) A decline in union membership
B) A surge in migration to the United States
C) Criticism by conservatives for failing to transform the economic status quo
D) Debates over the impact of economic consumption on the environment

Question 5

In 1978,California voters began a national trend by enacting a ballot initiative called Proposition 13 that

A) denied homosexual men and women legally protected status in state employment,public accommodation,and housing.
B) outlawed affirmative action practices in employment,education,and the awarding of state contracts.
C) rolled back property taxes and required future tax measures to pass the legislature with a two-thirds vote.
D) banned existing programs of county-to-county busing to integrate urban and suburban public schools.

Question 6

Economic competition from West Germany and Japan led to

A) stagflation.
B) deindustrialization.
C) the demise of the Bretton Woods system.
D) the energy crisis.

Question 7

Who masterminded the 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate complex?

A) Vice President Gerald Ford
B) Two reporters at the Washington Post
C) President Nixon and Secretary of State William P.Rogers
D) Members of the Committee to Re-elect the President

Question 8

Why did the federal deficit grow dramatically in the late 1960s?

A) Presidents Johnson and Nixon had introduced tax cuts for American workers.
B) Rising interest rates on the national debt became increasingly burdensome.
C) The government had spent huge sums on the Great Society programs and the Vietnam War.
D) The drop in foreign imports caused a loss in tariff revenues.

Question 9

What accounted for the dramatic decline of the American labor movement in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) The decreasing popularity of radical movements
B) Renewed domestic anticommunism
C) The process of deindustrialization
D) The economic prosperity of the period

Question 10

Refer to the following except to answer the question. Nothing could be more misleading to our children than our present affluent society.They will inherit a totally different world,a world in which the standards,politics,and economics of the 1960s are dead.As the most powerful nation in the world today,and its largest consumer,the United States cannot stand isolated.We are today involved in the events leading to famine;tomorrow we may be destroyed by its consequences.
Our position requires that we take immediate action at home and promote effective action world-wide.We must have population control at home,hopefully through a system of incentives and penalties,but by compulsion if voluntary methods fail.We must use our political power to push other countries into programs which combine agricultural development and population control.And while this is being done we must take action to reverse the deterioration of our environment before population pressure permanently ruins our planet.
Paul Ehrlich,The Population Bomb,1969
Which of the following nineteenth-century issues most closely parallels the controversy expressed in the excerpt above?

A) The promotion of religious and secular reforms by the Second Great Awakening
B) Substantial numbers of new immigrants prior to the Civil War that gave rise to a major nativist movement
C) Debates about the extension of public control over natural resources in the late nineteenth century
D) The growth of cities after the Civil War that led to many Americans living in relative poverty

Question 11

In the summer of 1975,which city was loaned money by the federal government and granted a three-year moratorium on municipal debt in order to stave off bankruptcy?

A) Los Angeles
B) Chicago
C) New York City
D) Detroit

Question 12

Nuclear reactors account for what percentage of all U.S.power generation today?

A) 1 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 13

Refer to the following excerpt to answer the question. Nothing could be more misleading to our children than our present affluent society.They will inherit a totally different world,a world in which the standards,politics,and economics of the 1960s are dead.As the most powerful nation in the world today,and its largest consumer,the United States cannot stand isolated.We are today involved in the events leading to famine;tomorrow we may be destroyed by its consequences.
Our position requires that we take immediate action at home and promote effective action world-wide.We must have population control at home,hopefully through a system of incentives and penalties,but by compulsion if voluntary methods fail.We must use our political power to push other countries into programs which combine agricultural development and population control.And while this is being done we must take action to reverse the deterioration of our environment before population pressure permanently ruins our planet.
Paul Ehrlich,The Population Bomb,1969
The controversy highlighted in the excerpt above led most directly to

A) conservation measures by activists and legislators.
B) urban unrest and challenges to the traditional family.
C) concerns about how social changes were affecting American values.
D) the rise of the Sunbelt as a political and economic force.

Question 14

In the years from 1973 to 1975,the oil-exporting nations of OPEC

A) declared an oil embargo against the United States.
B) cut oil prices to encourage demand.
C) failed to agree on production quotas and prices.
D) kicked the United States out of OPEC.

Question 15

For this question,refer to the following photograph of an old steel mill being demolished during the 1980s. The photograph above best serves as evidence of

A) increasing economic inequality in the United States.
B) the major environmental challenges that faced the United States.
C) intensified debates over free-trade agreements.
D) economic challenges stemming from integration of the United States into the world economy.

Question 16

A nuclear reactor came close to meltdown in 1979 at

A) Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania.
B) Shoreham,New York.
C) Seabrook,New Hampshire.
D) Fernald,Ohio.

Question 17

How did the United States respond to the OPEC oil embargo in the early 1970s?

A) Americans started to buy small,fuel-efficient automobiles manufactured in Detroit.
B) Congress cut off funding for the construction of the remainder of the interstate highway system.
C) American automobile manufacturers began producing expensive,all-electric cars.
D) Congress passed a law limiting highway speeds to 55 miles per hour.

Question 18

Nearly every American city struggled to pay its bills in the 1970s because of

A) the continuing process of suburbanization.
B) a decline in federal funding after the end of Johnson's Great Society.
C) the federal government's moratorium on municipal debt.
D) skyrocketing property tax rates due to inflation.

Question 19

Why did the U.S.economy suffer from inflation in the mid-1970s?

A) It was brought on in part by military spending in Vietnam.
B) Unemployment was at its lowest point.
C) Consumer demand for goods was high.
D) President Richard Nixon did not address the problem.

Question 20

Which of the following U.S.industries was most badly hurt by deindustrialization in the 1970s?

A) Automobile
B) Textile
C) Steel
D) Furniture

Question 21

Which of the following was the most polarizing Supreme Court decision of the 1970s?

A) Miller v.California
B) Gregg v.Georgia
C) Bakke v.University of California
D) Roe v.Wade

Question 22

The War Powers Act,the Freedom of Information Act,the Fair Campaign Practices Act,and the Federal Intelligence Surveillance Act were passed as a result of

A) the Vietnam War.
B) Nixon's imperial presidency.
C) the CIA's increasing influence on national politics.
D) the Great Society.

Question 23

Vice President Spiro Agnew was forced out of office in 1973 because

A) his central involvement in the Watergate cover-up was exposed.
B) he was indicted for accepting kickbacks while governor of Maryland.
C) he was arrested on a morals charge in Baltimore.
D) Democrats and Republicans recognized his unsuitability for the presidency.

Question 24

Which of the following was detrimental to expanding women's rights in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) Phyllis Schlafly's STOP ERA
B) The House of Representatives
C) The National Women's Political Caucus
D) Title IX

Question 25

What did President Ford do a month after he took office in 1973?

A) He named Richard Nixon his vice president.
B) He called for new elections.
C) He pardoned Richard Nixon.
D) He passed significant environmental legislation.

Question 26

Which of the following statements describes the feminist movement in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) It consisted of a relatively small number of women whose activism had a large presence but little effect.
B) The women's movement declined as soon as feminist activists gained access to highly paid corporate jobs.
C) The feminist movement had a significant impact only on the lives of white middle-class heterosexual women.
D) Feminist activism addressed many issues,took a variety of forms,and affected millions of women.

Question 27

Which group established the first rape crisis centers in the early 1970s?

A) Women's liberationists
B) Labor feminists
C) Conservative women led by Phyllis Schlafly
D) The Catholic Church

Question 28

Which of the following was the cause of President Nixon's downfall?

A) His decision to order the Watergate break-in
B) His obstruction of justice in the Watergate matter
C) Nixon's failure to please conservatives
D) The media's unwillingness to portray him fairly

Question 29

How did President Carter respond to the energy crisis of the 1970s?

A) Carter called for tighter federal controls on oil and natural gas prices.
B) Carter advocated for energy conservation efforts as "the moral equivalent of war."
C) He imposed rationing on gasoline and heating fuel,and he placed tariffs on imported petroleum.
D) He liberalized environmental laws and increased reliance on coal and nuclear power.

Question 30

Which of the following factors accounted for the demographic growth of the Sunbelt in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) Global warming
B) Northeastern elitism
C) Deindustrialization
D) The West's conservatism

Question 31

Before his appointment to the vice presidency,Gerald Ford--who became president on Richard Nixon's resignation and was the nation's first non-elected vice president--had been

A) governor of Michigan.
B) Secretary of Defense.
C) House minority leader.
D) a Supreme Court justice.

Question 32

The post-Watergate political reforms passed by Congress

A) encouraged bipartisanship.
B) made government more transparent.
C) made government more efficient.
D) decreased the power of special interests.

Question 33

Who was the presidential candidate who ran as a Washington outsider and promised to clean up government?

A) Jimmy Carter
B) Richard Nixon
C) Gerald Ford
D) Hubert Humphrey

Question 34

In an attempt to combat stagflation,President Carter

A) created an industrial policy to bail out manufacturing companies.
B) took the United States off the gold standard.
C) issued temporary price and wage controls.
D) deregulated the transportation industries.

Question 35

Who was the famous,openly gay supervisor from San Francisco who was assassinated after helping win passage of a gay rights ordinance?

A) George Moscone
B) Johnny Paycheck
C) Harvey Milk
D) Anita Bryant

Question 36

The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v.Wade was based on

A) misuse of federal funds.
B) reverse discrimination.
C) the right to privacy.
D) separation of church and state.

Question 37

Which of the following describes the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?

A) The law was first proposed by the National Organization for Women (NOW)in 1970.
B) It was ratified by thirty-four states by the end of 1974,but its progress stalled.
C) President Nixon,an ardent opponent of feminism,vetoed it in 1973.
D) The issue divided moderate from radical feminists,causing the decline of the movement.

Question 38

In the case of Griswold v.Connecticut (1965),the Supreme Court struck down an 1879 state law prohibiting the purchase and use of

A) firearms.
B) contraception.
C) alcohol.
D) pornography.

Question 39

In the case of Bakke v.University of California (1978),which of the following issues was under review?

A) Affirmative action
B) Abortion rights
C) Environmental pollution
D) Corruption in Congress

Question 40

Which of the following statements characterizes affirmative action?

A) It was first advanced under the Nixon administration in the early 1970s.
B) It encompassed only racial minorities and excluded women.
C) U.S.courts banned affirmative action in hiring and enrollment in the 1970s.
D) Opponents,many of whom had opposed civil rights,charged that it was reverse discrimination.

Question 41

Christian activists in the late 1970s and early 1980s made which of the following issues a high priority?

A) Providing comprehensive sex education in public schools
B) Careful attention to maintaining the separation of church and state
C) Combating the proliferation of pornography in American society
D) Providing social supports for women who needed to work outside the home

Question 42

What happened to the typical American worker's real wages between 1973 and the early 1990s?

A) Real wages increased by 5 percent.
B) Wages declined by 10 percent.
C) Wages declined by 25 percent.
D) Wages stayed the same.

Question 43

Answer the following questions :
Three Mile Island

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 44

Answer the following questions :
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 45

Which of the following developments accounted for the dramatic increase in the number of women working outside the home in the 1970s?

A) Feminism
B) Stagflation
C) The birth control pill
D) Advertising that fueled consumption

Question 46

Answer the following questions :
energy crisis

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 47

Which of the following issues did evangelicals disregard as they fought against the influences of what they believed to be an immoral society?

A) Individual rights
B) The nuclear family
C) Strict gender roles
D) Motherhood

Question 48

Which of the following was the largest Protestant denomination,which grew 23 percent between 1970 and 1985?

A) Assemblies of God
B) Methodist
C) Southern Baptist
D) Pentecostal

Question 49

Evangelical Protestantism failed to embrace

A) an intimate,personal salvation.
B) Christ as the central message of the Bible.
C) the Bible as literal scripture.
D) the "Social Gospel."

Question 50

Answer the following questions :
stagflation

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 51

The resurgence of Christian faith in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s has been labeled by historians as the

A) Christian Renaissance.
B) Second Great Awakening.
C) Evangelical Revolution.
D) Fourth Great Awakening.

Question 52

Answer the following questions :
environmentalism

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 53

Answer the following questions :
Rust Belt

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 54

Which of the following Supreme Court cases was hailed by most conservatives?

A) Roe v.Wade (1973)
B) Bowers v.Hardwick (1987)
C) Furman v.Georgia (1972)
D) Miranda v.Arizona (1966)

Question 55

Which of the following made a critical contribution to the emergence of the sexual revolution of the 1960s?

A) The Civil Rights Act of 1964
B) The birth control pill
C) The expansion of higher education
D) The Vietnam War

Question 56

Answer the following questions :
Silent Spring

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 57

Answer the following questions :
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 58

Answer the following questions :
Freedom of Information Act

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 59

Answer the following questions :
Earth Day

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 60

How did the Supreme Court led by Warren Burger compare to that led by Earl Warren?

A) The Warren Court gave more importance to property rights than to civil rights.
B) Burger's strict constructionism reversed the Warren Court's agenda.
C) The Burger Court refused to scale back the Warren Court's liberal precedents.
D) The Warren Court was more conservative than the Burger Court.

Question 61

Answer the following questions :
Watergate

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 62

What were the causes and effects of deindustrialization?

Question 63

Answer the following questions :
Bakke v.University of California

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 64

Answer the following questions :
Ethics in Government Act

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 65

Answer the following questions :
affirmative action

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 66

Answer the following questions :
tax revolt

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 67

Answer the following questions :
Roe v.Wade

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 68

Why did the environmental movement prove so divisive? Whose interests were threatened?

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
STOP ERA

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 70

Answer the following questions :
deindustrialization

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 71

What were the sources of growth for the women's rights movement in the 1970s?

Question 72

How did the idea of civil rights expand during the 1970s?

Question 73

Answer the following questions :
deregulation

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 74

Answer the following questions :
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
War Powers Act

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 76

How did the U.S.Supreme Court affect the extension or restriction of rights during the 1970s?

Question 77

Answer the following questions :
Proposition 13

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 78

Why did President Jimmy Carter have so much trouble managing the economy?

Question 79

Answer the following questions :
evangelicalism

A)A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.
B)A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)declared an oil embargo in October 1973.
C)Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation,pollution control measures,and public awareness campaigns.In response to the new environmental consciousness,the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 1970s.
D)Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.Its analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists.
E)An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22,1970,when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner,healthier planet.
F)Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws,conduct environmental research,and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
G)A nuclear plant near Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979.After the incident in this location,no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States,though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s.
H)An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.
I)The dismantling of manufacturing-especially in the automobile,steel,and consumer-goods industries-in the decades after World War II,representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s.
J)The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization.By the 1970s and 1980s,these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.
K)A movement to lower or eliminate taxes.California's Proposition 13,which rolled back property taxes,capped future increases for present owners,and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature,was the result of one such revolt,inspiring similar movements across the country.
L)A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes,cap future increases for present owners,and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.This measure inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define an enduring issue: low taxes.
M)Term referring to the 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington,D.C. ,by men working for President Nixon's reelection campaign,along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up.This scandal led to President Nixon's resignation.
N)A law that limited the president's ability to deploy U.S.forces without congressional approval.Congress passed this act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuses of the Nixon administration.
O)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1974 act gave citizens access to federal records.
P)Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal,the 1978 act forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.
Q)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries were not regulated beginning under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this lack of regulations to include cutting back on government protections for consumers,workers,and the environment.
R)Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments,businesses,universities,and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission,hiring,and promotion of minorities;considering minority status when allocating resources;and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources.
S)1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.
T)Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law.Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party,the amendment was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982.
U)An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment.
V)The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion,which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.
W)The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion,repentance of sin,and adherence to scripture;it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual.

Question 80

What were the major causes of the environmentalist movement?