Deck 22: Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

Question 1

During the 1932 presidential campaign,Franklin Roosevelt promised

A) the firing of all radicals in government.
B) bold,persistent experimentation.
C) "a chicken in every pot."
D) a government takeover of the banks.

Answer 1

bold,persistent experimentation.

Question 2

What percentage of the U.S.labor force was unemployed by 1933?

A) Five percent
B) Ten percent
C) Twenty-five percent
D) Fifty percent

Answer 2

Twenty-five percent

Question 3

Which tariff,passed in 1930,raised rates to an all-time high,further deepening the worldwide depression?

A) Mellon-Hoover
B) Kellogg-Briand
C) Smoot-Hawley
D) National Recovery

Answer 3

Smoot-Hawley

Question 4

Which of these protests caused Hoover's popularity to plunge dramatically in 1932?

A) Farm holiday protests
B) Rent riots
C) Hunger marches
D) Bonus Army

Question 5

Who were Harold Ickes and Bernard Baruch?

A) Photographers who chronicled the faces of the Depression
B) Union activists who lobbied Congress for reform
C) Two of Franklin Roosevelt's chief Brains Trust advisors
D) New Deal congressional representatives who worked diligently with Roosevelt

Question 6

For southern black sharecroppers,the New Deal's AAA often meant that

A) they received more land to farm.
B) more were able to farm.
C) they received significant federal support.
D) they were pushed off their land.

Question 7

In the Bonus Army incident in Washington,D.C. ,in 1932,federal troops

A) joined in sympathy with the gathered World War I veterans.
B) arrested the demonstrators who burned their bonus checks to protest Hoover's inaction.
C) beat the veterans who rioted and tried to march on the White House property.
D) forcefully evicted the assembled veterans and burned their encampment.

Question 8

Which of the following organizations did President Hoover create in 1931 to stimulate the economy through federal loans to major businesses in 1931 and 1932?

A) Works Progress Administration
B) The Economic Recovery Association
C) Reconstruction Finance Corporation
D) National Industrial Recovery Act

Question 9

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A) required new,higher income taxes on wealthy businesspeople.
B) increased farm production to aid the hungry.
C) froze the prices of farm products.
D) provided federal subsidies to farmers who cut farm production.

Question 10

Which of the following countries was the first to fall into a depression at the end of the 1920s?

A) Germany
B) The Soviet Union
C) Norway
D) Sweden

Question 11

Between 1929 and 1932,U.S.gross domestic production fell by

A) one-quarter.
B) one-third.
C) two-thirds.
D) one-half.

Question 12

To avert further banking panics,during which account holders raced to withdraw funds,the New Deal

A) created the Home Owners Loan Corporation in 1933.
B) passed the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933.
C) declared a bank holiday in 1933.
D) created the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934.

Question 13

The Emergency Banking Act of 1933

A) created a national banking system of savings and loan associations.
B) put U.S.banks under temporary federal control.
C) permitted banks with sufficient cash reserves to reopen.
D) forced all banks to join the Federal Reserve System.

Question 14

Ratified in 1933,the Twentieth Amendment

A) ended Prohibition.
B) allowed for the direct election of senators.
C) created Social Security.
D) set subsequent inaugurations for January 20.

Question 15

President Roosevelt differed from President Hoover because of

A) his commitment to maintaining the nation's basic institutions.
B) his belief in the basic morality of a balanced budget.
C) a belief in the value of hard work,cooperation,and sacrifice.
D) his personal charisma and willingness to experiment.

Question 16

Hoover was hated during the Depression,partially because of the public perception that he

A) was insensitive to people's suffering and was a do-nothing president.
B) had caused the stock market crash through his fiscal policies.
C) refused to give the federal government a role in stabilizing agriculture.
D) led the nation deeply into debt.

Question 17

What was the first action Roosevelt took to address the nation's economic crisis?

A) End Prohibition
B) Closed all banks in a banking holiday
C) Put people to work in the WPA
D) Gave states money for relief

Question 18

Which of the following American philosophies influenced Herbert Hoover's initial response to the economic downturn in the early 1930s?

A) Government should provide an economic safety net for the poorest of Americans.
B) Businesses have a responsibility to take care of the needs of their loyal workers.
C) The market is self-regulating and government should not intervene during a downturn.
D) The legislative branch,not the executive branch,should take responsibility for the economy.

Question 19

Herbert Hoover asked Americans to do which of the following in response to the economic downtown in 1929?

A) Live a moral and righteous life.
B) Tighten their belts and work hard.
C) Fear nothing but fear itself.
D) Ask not what their country could do for them,but what they could do for their country.

Question 20

Which of the following rendered the international monetary supply inflexible in the Great Depression during the 1930s?

A) The gold standard
B) The trade deficit
C) The outflow of capital
D) Rising prices

Question 21

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A) provided labor for the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA's)projects.
B) displaced as many as two hundred thousand black tenant farmers from their land.
C) hired 250,000 young men to perform reforestation and conservation work.
D) enlisted equal numbers of young men and young women for its projects.

Question 22

What was Franklin Roosevelt's attitude toward the federal government's provision of welfare payments to the unemployed?

A) He welcomed it as an opportunity to help those in need and to ensure their votes for the Democratic Party.
B) He was indifferent to the means by which those who needed it received help,whether by cash subsidies or by work relief.
C) He had strong reservations about it,preferring to provide federally funded jobs over cash subsidies.
D) He opposed it vigorously and saw to it that New Deal programs never involved direct cash subsidies.

Question 23

In the 1936 presidential election,Franklin D.Roosevelt

A) lost.
B) won by a landslide.
C) won by a small margin.
D) was unopposed.

Question 24

What was the purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),which the Roosevelt Congress empowered in 1934?

A) To oversee the process of taking the United States off the gold standard
B) To provide oversight for the Federal Reserve System
C) To regulate and rationalize the U.S.stock market
D) To protect radicals and immigrants from unfair investigation and deportation

Question 25

Which of the following was Roosevelt's initial response to the Supreme Court's declaration that the NRA,the AAA,and other New Deal legislation were unconstitutional?

A) He asked Congress to impeach several justices.
B) Roosevelt attempted to pack the Court with his own nominees.
C) He attempted to change those parts of the legislation the Court found objectionable.
D) He ignored it and moved on,making sure subsequent laws were worded more carefully.

Question 26

By the 1960s,what part of Social Security had become the most controversial?

A) Aid to Families with Dependent Children
B) Compensation for unemployed workers
C) Payments to widowed mothers
D) Financial assistance for the blind,deaf,and disabled

Question 27

Between 1935 and 1943,the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A) paid civilians to build bridges,public buildings,parks,and airports.
B) reached 90 percent of the unemployed,easing their suffering.
C) supplied federal grants to hundreds of relief programs run by the states.
D) spent more than $100 billion on extravagant luxuries for political insiders.

Question 28

Which of the following caused the severe recession in 1937 and 1938?

A) Roosevelt,Congress,and the Federal Reserve cut spending and attempted to balance the budget.
B) Roosevelt embraced deficit spending.
C) Congress increased funds for the WPA.
D) The Federal Reserve made it easier for Americans to borrow money.

Question 29

Why did New Deal legislation pass scrutiny by the Supreme Court more easily in Roosevelt's second term?

A) President Roosevelt succeeded in temporarily enlarging the Court to fifteen justices.
B) Conservatives on the Court altered their views of the Constitution.
C) Liberals replaced several elderly conservative justices who retired.
D) Congress and the states passed some important amendments to the Constitution.

Question 30

Roosevelt heeded John Maynard Keynes's advice and

A) balanced the budget.
B) created the Good Neighbor Policy.
C) practiced deficit spending.
D) improved the Federal Reserve.

Question 31

Which New Deal program offered tremendous encouragement and support to the labor union movement?

A) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
B) Securities and Exchange Commission
C) National Industrial Recovery Act,especially Section 7(a)
D) Tennessee Valley Authority's hiring practices

Question 32

In 1934,the American Liberty League was organized by

A) business leaders and conservative Democrats who opposed New Deal reforms.
B) liberals and moderate Republicans who favored the rights of labor.
C) civil libertarians who wished to protect freedom of speech.
D) radicals who thought that the New Deal needed to be pushed further to the left.

Question 33

Deciding that Roosevelt had not done enough to alleviate suffering,Francis Townsend called for

A) taking money from the rich and giving it to the poor.
B) public works programs.
C) bringing electricity to rural areas.
D) an old-age revolving pension plan.

Question 34

As a result of Roosevelt's embrace of the economic policies of John Maynard Keynes and the need for social welfare legislation,the term liberalism came to be associated with

A) weak government and an unregulated free market.
B) strong government and state ownership of industry.
C) government intervention to guarantee citizens' basic welfare.
D) strong businesses that provide services to ensure workers' welfare.

Question 35

Senator Huey Long from Louisiana became a major political threat to Roosevelt when he called for

A) more government funding to provide jobs for the unemployed.
B) a national Share Our Wealth movement to redistribute income fairly.
C) Roosevelt's impeachment on the basis that the New Deal was communistic.
D) a revival of the Populist Party and its demands.

Question 36

Which of the following was enacted by Democrats in order to disable Francis Townsend's support?

A) Job creation programs
B) The Good Neighbor Policy
C) Creation of the Social Security Administration
D) Implementation of Keynesian economic policies

Question 37

Roosevelt's Democratic coalition included

A) business and organized labor.
B) black and white voters in the South.
C) black northerners and white southerners.
D) the National Association of Manufacturers and American communists.

Question 38

Why did Roosevelt drop a provision for national health insurance from the Social Security Act in 1935?

A) The bill's compulsory pension and unemployment were already controversial.
B) He did not support national health care.
C) He proposed an additional bill to expand health care to all people.
D) He did not want to give satisfaction to his opponents,who supported national health insurance.

Question 39

By the time Congress recessed in June 1933,it had

A) halted the downward spiral of the economy.
B) founded agencies that were models of efficiency.
C) established policies that were supported by all.
D) broke the grip of the Depression.

Question 40

On what basis did the U.S.Supreme Court strike down the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)in the Schechter v.United States decision?

A) The NIRA illegally regulated commerce within individual states.
B) The program acted as a trust administered and funded by the federal government.
C) It violated the age-old moral and legal codes set for businesses.
D) It used taxpayer money to benefit one interest group over others.

Question 41

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

A) intensified efforts to persuade Native Americans to assimilate into white society.
B) reversed the Dawes Severalty Act and promoted tribal self-government.
C) significantly improved the economic status of Native Americans.
D) dismantled reservations and forced Native Americans to assimilate.

Question 42

Which of the following groups greatly benefitted from the reforms of the New Deal?

A) The unemployed
B) Tenant farmers
C) Domestic workers
D) Single mothers

Question 43

Answer the following questions :
Securities and Exchange Commission

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 44

For the following question,refer to the following photograph of a United Auto Workers strike in Flint,Michigan,on January 9,1937. The activities depicted in the photograph above reflect most directly

A) new technologies contributing to improved standards of living.
B) the transformation of the United States into a limited welfare state.
C) political and cultural conflicts between management and labor.
D) the persistence of poverty as a national problem.

Question 45

Which of the following social movements grew tremendously as a result of the New Deal?

A) Feminism
B) Industrial unionism
C) The civil rights movement
D) The movement for immigration reform

Question 46

Answer the following questions :
fireside chats

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 47

Answer the following questions :
Bonus Army

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 48

Answer the following questions :
Federal Housing Administration

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 49

Answer the following questions :
National Association of Manufacturers

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 50

Answer the following questions :
National Recovery Administration

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 51

Which of the following was true of minorities during the New Deal?

A) New Deal programs treated women and men equally.
B) Discrimination was not allowed in New Deal programs.
C) African Americans outside the South shifted their voting to the Democrats.
D) Mexican Americans increasingly clung to their heritage and refused to Americanize.

Question 52

The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934

A) granted independence to the Philippines.
B) granted citizenship to all legal Filipino residents in the United States prior to 1934.
C) limited immigration from the Philippines to fifty thousand per year.
D) rescinded the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Question 53

Answer the following questions :
Townsend Plan

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 54

Answer the following questions :
Glass-Steagall Act

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 55

The largest New Deal project in the West was the construction of the

A) Hoover Dam.
B) Blue Ridge Parkway.
C) Grand Coulee Dam.
D) canals of San Antonio.

Question 56

For the following question,refer to the following photograph of a United Auto Workers strike in Flint,Michigan,on January 9,1937. The activities depicted in the photograph above best serve as evidence of

A) the New Deal's inability to overcome the Depression.
B) the migrations of Americans during the Great Depression.
C) political and social organizations struggling to address the effects of industrialization and economic uncertainty.
D) the use of government power to provide relief to the poor and reform the American economy.

Question 57

What was the significance of the New Deal?

A) It saved the nation's institutions from extinction.
B) The programs expanded the federal government's presence both in the economy and in people's lives.
C) The policies made the United States the largest creditor nation in the world.
D) It ended the Jazz Age.

Question 58

Answer the following questions :
Hundred Days

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 59

Who was the first woman cabinet member,who served as secretary of labor?

A) Frances Perkins
B) Mary McLeod Bethune
C) Jane Addams
D) Marian Anderson

Question 60

Answer the following questions :
Smoot-Hawley Tariff

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 61

Answer the following questions :
Indian Reorganization Act

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 62

Answer the following questions :
Fair Labor Standards Act

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 63

Answer the following questions :
welfare state

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 64

Answer the following questions :
Keynesian economics

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 65

Answer the following questions :
Liberty League

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 66

How did President Hoover respond to the economic emergency? Why did he choose the course of action that he did?

Question 67

Answer the following questions :
dust bowl

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 68

Answer the following questions :
Tennessee Valley Authority

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
Rural Electrification Administration

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 70

Answer the following questions :
classical liberalism

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 71

Answer the following questions :
Wagner Act

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 72

Answer the following questions :
Public Works Administration

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 73

Answer the following questions :
Civilian Conservation Corps

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 74

What problems in the economy and society of the United States were exposed by the Great Depression?

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
Works Progress Administration

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 76

Answer the following questions :
Roosevelt recession

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 77

Answer the following questions :
Social Security Act

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 78

Answer the following questions :
Tydings-McDuffie Act

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 79

Answer the following questions :
Federal Writers' Project

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.

Question 80

Answer the following questions :
Agricultural Adjustment Act

A)A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression.By taxing imported goods,Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing,but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries,which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.
B)A group of 15,000 unemployed World War I veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945.
C)A series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained New Deal initiatives.
D)A legendary session during the first few months of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills that focused primarily on four problems: banking failures,agricultural overproduction,the business slump,and soaring unemployment.
E)A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000).The act also prohibited banks from making risky,unsecured investments with customers' deposits.
F)New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers' income.
G)Federal agency established in June,1933 to promote industrial recovery during the Great Depression.It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions,set prices,and minimized competition.
H)A New Deal construction program established by Congress in 1933.Designed to put people back to work,the PWA built the Boulder Dam (renamed Hoover Dam)and Grand Coulee Dam,among other large public works projects.
I)Federal relief program that provided jobs to millions of unemployed young men who built thousands of bridges,roads,trails,and other structures in state and national parks,bolstering the national infrastructure.
J)An agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure.
K)A commission established by Congress in 1934 to regulate the stock market.The commission had broad powers to determine how stocks and bonds were sold to the public,to set rules for margin (credit)transactions,and to prevent stock sales by those with inside information about corporate plans.
L)A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.
M)An association of industrialists and business leaders opposed to government regulation.In the era of the New Deal,the group promoted free enterprise and capitalism through a publicity campaign of radio programs,motion pictures,billboards,and direct mail.
N)A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today)to citizens over the age of sixty.Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan,mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.
O)A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social programs.The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established a national system for these governmental social programs for the first time.
P)A 1935 act that upheld the right of industrial workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),a federal agency with the authority to protect workers from employer coercion and to guarantee collective bargaining.
Q)A 1935 act with three main provisions: old-age pensions for workers;a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers;and a program of payments to widowed mothers and the blind,deaf,and disabled.
R)The political ideology of individual liberty,private property,a competitive market economy,free trade,and limited government.The ideal is a laissez faire or "let alone" policy,in which government does the least possible,particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development.Attacking corruption and defending private property,late-nineteenth-century liberals generally called for elite governance and questioned the advisability of full democratic participation.
S)Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression in areas ranging from construction to the arts.
T)A recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after President Roosevelt cut the federal budget.
U)The theory,developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s,that purposeful government intervention in the economy (through lowering or raising taxes,interest rates,and government spending)can affect the level of overall economic activity and thereby prevent severe depressions and runaway inflation.
V)One of the final major laws of the New Deal,it outlawed child labor,made the 40-hour workweek standard (and mandated overtime pay),and established a national minimum wage.
W)A 1934 law that reversed the Dawes Act of 1887.Through the law,Indians won a greater degree of religious freedom,and tribal governments regained their status as semisovereign dependent nations.
X)A 1934 law that provided for the independence of the Philippines,after a ten-year transition period.Though it granted Philippine independence,its origins were nativist,because the law's proponents wished to classify Filipinos as "alien" and reduce their immigration to the United States.
Y)A series of dust storms from 1930 to 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted the semiarid states of Oklahoma,Texas,New Mexico,Colorado,Arkansas,and Kansas.
Z)An agency funded by Congress in 1933 that integrated flood control,reforestation,electricity generation,and agricultural and industrial development in the Tennessee Valley area.
AA)An agency established in 1935 to promote nonprofit farm cooperatives that offered loans to farmers to install power lines.
BB)A program under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)from 1935 to 1939 in which historians,teachers,editors,novelists,poets,and playrights were employed by the federal government to produce a variety of materials-this included,for example,interviews with hundreds of former slaves;a major survey of American foodways;and state-by-state guidebooks to history,geography,and culture.