Deck 2: American Experiments, 1521-1700

Question 1

Why was the influx of American gold and silver into the English economy during the sixteenth century significant?

A) The influx led to increased power for the nobility and the House of Lords.
B) It stimulated further economic expansion.
C) The flow of gold and silver provoked Parliamentary conflict over how to spend England's new wealth.
D) It led Spain to declare war on England.

Answer 1

It stimulated further economic expansion.

Question 2

What accounted for the uneasy relations that persisted between Powhatan's people and the Jamestown settlers for more than a decade after 1607?

A) The constant turnover of the English population due to high death and immigration rates
B) Jamestown's colonists' persistent efforts to seize Indian land for new sugar plantations
C) Both groups' inability to reach an agreement about who would pay tribute to whom
D) English settlers' decision to trade hatchets and guns with the Indians for maize

Answer 2

Both groups' inability to reach an agreement about who would pay tribute to whom

Question 3

What effect did American tobacco have in England during the early colonial period?

A) It became fashionable for the upper class to smoke,but tobacco was too expensive for most everyone else.
B) Tobacco was so popular in England that large quantities were planted and grown in most rural English towns.
C) King James I initially condemned it as a "vile weed," but he tried it and soon became a heavy smoker.
D) The English developed a huge appetite for tobacco,which stimulated the English economy and bolstered England's treasury.

Answer 3

The English developed a huge appetite for tobacco,which stimulated the English economy and bolstered England's treasury.

Question 4

Portuguese colonists in Brazil in the sixteenth century created an industry based on which of these resources?

A) Gold
B) Silver
C) Sugar
D) Coffee

Question 5

Which of the following developments fostered the flow of migrants into the Virginia colony between 1617 and 1622?

A) The English crown granted sovereignty to the House of Burgesses.
B) Powhatan's tribes formally ceded their lands to the Virginia Company.
C) Traders imported a huge number of African slaves to take over tobacco production.
D) The Virginia Company began to allow individual settlers to own land.

Question 6

The main motive for King Philip II's attack on England in 1588 was to

A) eradicate Protestantism in England and Holland.
B) capture Ireland,which the English had conquered.
C) punish English pirates who preyed on Spanish ships.
D) solidify Spain's hold on its American colonies.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases were introduced into Europe by Christopher Columbus's sailors after their journey to the Americas in the 1490s?

A) Smallpox
B) Measles
C) Influenza
D) Syphilis

Question 8

Which of the following was true of the English outwork textile industry that emerged around 1500?

A) Landless peasants in small cottages spun and wove wool into cloth.
B) The government aided workers by promoting wage increases.
C) It enriched manufacturers' coffers and depleted the royal treasury.
D) Its success slowed England's efforts to explore the Western Hemisphere.

Question 9

The economic livelihood of the Virginia colony in the 1700s depended on which of the following products?

A) Tobacco
B) Cotton
C) Fish
D) Corn

Question 10

What caused the Spanish Netherlands revolt against Spanish rule in 1566?

A) Spain's efforts to seize Dutch textile interests
B) Dutch Protestants' desire to protect their faith
C) Spain's attempts to intervene in Dutch trade with the Portuguese
D) Dutch traders' claims on sea routes between Europe and Africa

Question 11

King Henry VIII started the English Reformation by

A) completely embracing Martin Luther's teachings.
B) getting a divorce approved by the pope in Rome.
C) declaring himself supreme head of the new Church of England.
D) encouraging the English clergy to preach John Calvin's ideas of salvation.

Question 12

Powhatan,leader of a confederation of about two dozen tribes in Virginia,

A) treated the English as potential allies and attempted to integrate them into his chiefdom.
B) tried unsuccessfully to prevent his daughter,Pocahontas,from marrying John Rolfe.
C) believed initially that the English settlers were gods and invited them into his community.
D) welcomed the English warmly and supplied them with food,agricultural knowledge,and land.

Question 13

In the sixteenth century,the Spanish crown granted encomiendas to which of the following groups?

A) Catholic missionaries
B) Conquistadors
C) Mestizos
D) Indians who converted to Catholicism

Question 14

Which of the following was an outcome of Elizabeth I's compromise on the Church of England in the late 1500s?

A) The compromise largely resolved the conflicts over Christian faith in England.
B) The Church of England was endorsed by both Martin Luther and John Calvin.
C) The compromise gave official support to England's growing Presbyterian movement.
D) It angered English people who supported radical Protestantism.

Question 15

Which of the following statements describes the significance of the arrival of New World crops,including maize and potatoes,in Europe and Asia after the 1500s?

A) American crops increased agricultural yield and population growth in the Old World.
B) Food crops from the Western Hemisphere brought devastating blights to Europe and Asia.
C) New World foods reduced Europeans' and Asians' dependence on agricultural livestock.
D) American foods had little influence on the dietary habits and nutrition of Asians and Europeans.

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes the English migrants who initially settled in the Jamestown colony in the early 1600s?

A) The group consisted of English families who sought economic opportunity.
B) Early Jamestown settlers expected to profit from gold,pearls,and Indian labor.
C) They owned the Virginia Company,a tobacco-farming enterprise.
D) The settlers were primarily criminals who chose relocation over prison.

Question 17

Which of the following groups provided the labor for Brazil's profitable plantations in 1620?

A) Indigenous people
B) African slaves
C) Indentured servants
D) Spanish settlers

Question 18

More than 200,000 Spaniards from Castile migrated to America in the 1500s in order to escape

A) King Philip II's campaign to eliminate Protestantism from the region.
B) England's attempt to avenge King Philip through an invasion of Spain.
C) high taxes on agriculture and military service.
D) the starvation that came with the Castilian famine.

Question 19

The encomiendas granted by the Spanish crown in the sixteenth century consisted of

A) large quantities of gold and silver.
B) farming tools and herds of livestock.
C) building supplies for New World churches.
D) legal control over American land and Indian labor.

Question 20

By the mid-1500s,Spain's main goal in North America was to

A) discover new Indian kingdoms that could be conquered and exploited.
B) maintain its dominance and power in the region.
C) establish colonies of settlement along the Atlantic coast.
D) control the fur trade of the North American interior.

Question 21

Why did Plymouth begin to thrive after its first year while Jamestown struggled for many years?

A) Plymouth's long growing season allowed for greater agricultural productivity.
B) The balanced sex ratio and community organization in Plymouth encouraged rapid expansion.
C) Plymouth settlers' religious ideals led them to coexist peacefully with the Wampanoag Indians.
D) Unlike Jamestown,Plymouth began as a royal colony and benefitted from royal control.

Question 22

What caused the Puritans' "errand into the wilderness" to become permanent?

A) The failure of the Puritan Revolution in England
B) Their reluctance to abandon their profitable businesses
C) Their commitment to converting the Native Americans
D) The long-term reverberations of the Salem witchcraft trials

Question 23

When they settled in the New World in 1630,the Puritans' first priority was to

A) establish the Anglican Church in New England.
B) generate sufficient profits to repay their British investors.
C) create a reformed society that would model true Christianity in America.
D) escape from England and begin to pursue full political independence from the British crown.

Question 24

Which of the following was the outcome of the surprise Indian attack on the Virginia colony in 1622?

A) Opechancanough's attacks killed nearly 75 percent of the English colonists in Virginia.
B) James I revoked the Virginia Company's charter and made it a royal colony.
C) The English settlers abandoned their efforts to Christianize the local Indian people.
D) English settlers agreed to use some of their tobacco profits to lease Indian land.

Question 25

In which of the following ways did the plantation colonies of Barbados differ from those in the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century?

A) Barbados never adopted African slave labor.
B) Barbados adopted slavery gradually and the Chesapeake did so rapidly.
C) The Chesapeake adopted slavery gradually and Barbados did so quickly.
D) Barbados always relied on slaves and never on indentured servants.

Question 26

Which of the following statements describes Africans in Virginia after the 1660s?

A) Africans made up 75 percent of the workforce.
B) Africans found themselves more entrenched in slavery as a permanent condition.
C) Africans were required to join the local militias whenever a war with Indians erupted.
D) Africans were able to purchase the labor contracts of white indentured servants.

Question 27

For this question,refer to the following two quotations. "This Island [Barbados] is one of the Richest Spots of ground in the World....The gentry here doth Hue [appear] far better than ours do in England: they have most of them 100 or 2 or 3 of slaves ...and they have that Liberty of conscience which wee so long have in England fought for: But they do abuse it.This Island is inhabited with all sorts: with English,French,Dutch,Scots,Irish ...with Indians and miserable Negroes borne to perpetual slavery they and their seed....This Island is the Dunghill whereon England doth cast forth its rubbish....A rogue in England will hardly make a cheater here: a Bawd brought over puts on a demure comportment,a whore if handsome makes a wife for some rich planter."
Henry Whistler's Journal,1655
"But it may be objected that it is too cold a country for our English men,who have been accustomed to a warmer climate.To which it may be answered ... ,there is wood good store and better cheap to build warm houses and make good fires,which makes the winter less tedious....[W]hereas many do disparage the land,saying a man cannot live without labor,in that they more disparage and discredit themselves in giving the world occasion to take notice of their dronish disposition that would live off the sweat of another man's brows.Surely they were much deceived,or else ill informed,that ventured thither in hope to live in plenty and idleness....For all in New England must be workers of some kind....And howsoever they are accounted poor,they are well contented and look not so much at abundance as at competency."
William Wood,New England's Prospect,1634
The two excerpts quoted above would be most useful to historians analyzing

A) European beliefs in white superiority.
B) the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.
C) the growth of an Atlantic economy throughout the eighteenth century.
D) regional differences in British colonies.

Question 28

Which of the following factors encouraged migrants to New France in the seventeenth century?

A) Generous terms for indentured servitude
B) The lack of a French military draft
C) Religious freedom for Protestants
D) The region's temperate climate

Question 29

For this question,refer to the following two quotations. "This Island [Barbados] is one of the Richest Spots of ground in the World....The gentry here doth Hue [appear] far better than ours do in England: they have most of them 100 or 2 or 3 of slaves ...and they have that Liberty of conscience which wee so long have in England fought for: But they do abuse it.This Island is inhabited with all sorts: with English,French,Dutch,Scots,Irish ...with Indians and miserable Negroes borne to perpetual slavery they and their seed....This Island is the Dunghill whereon England doth cast forth its rubbish....A rogue in England will hardly make a cheater here: a Bawd brought over puts on a demure comportment,a whore if handsome makes a wife for some rich planter."
Henry Whistler's Journal,1655
"But it may be objected that it is too cold a country for our English men,who have been accustomed to a warmer climate.To which it may be answered ... ,there is wood good store and better cheap to build warm houses and make good fires,which makes the winter less tedious....[W]hereas many do disparage the land,saying a man cannot live without labor,in that they more disparage and discredit themselves in giving the world occasion to take notice of their dronish disposition that would live off the sweat of another man's brows.Surely they were much deceived,or else ill informed,that ventured thither in hope to live in plenty and idleness....For all in New England must be workers of some kind....And howsoever they are accounted poor,they are well contented and look not so much at abundance as at competency."
William Wood,New England's Prospect,1634
Which of the following is a major difference in the societal contexts in which Whistler and Wood wrote their respective pieces?

A) The New England colonies enjoyed the full support of the British government,whereas colonies such as Barbados of the West Indies did not.
B) The colonies of the West Indies did not accept intermarriage and cross-racial sexual relations to the extent that the New England colonies did.
C) The West Indies developed a staple-crop economy,while the New England colonies became more economically mixed and diverse.
D) A strong belief in British racial and cultural superiority was more pronounced in New England than it was in the West Indies.

Question 30

Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts Bay for

A) teaching that believers did not need to obey church rules.
B) engaging in adultery and sexual promiscuity.
C) questioning the idea that good works led to salvation.
D) claiming that women were the full equals of men.

Question 31

How was colonization similar for the French and Spanish?

A) Both sent only families to settle in the colonies.
B) The French and Spanish aimed to Christianize the native peoples.
C) Both countries ruled with an iron fist.
D) They focused primarily on fur trading.

Question 32

For this question,refer to the following two quotations. "This Island [Barbados] is one of the Richest Spots of ground in the World....The gentry here doth Hue [appear] far better than ours do in England: they have most of them 100 or 2 or 3 of slaves ...and they have that Liberty of conscience which wee so long have in England fought for: But they do abuse it.This Island is inhabited with all sorts: with English,French,Dutch,Scots,Irish ...with Indians and miserable Negroes borne to perpetual slavery they and their seed....This Island is the Dunghill whereon England doth cast forth its rubbish....A rogue in England will hardly make a cheater here: a Bawd brought over puts on a demure comportment,a whore if handsome makes a wife for some rich planter."
Henry Whistler's Journal,1655
"But it may be objected that it is too cold a country for our English men,who have been accustomed to a warmer climate.To which it may be answered ... ,there is wood good store and better cheap to build warm houses and make good fires,which makes the winter less tedious....[W]hereas many do disparage the land,saying a man cannot live without labor,in that they more disparage and discredit themselves in giving the world occasion to take notice of their dronish disposition that would live off the sweat of another man's brows.Surely they were much deceived,or else ill informed,that ventured thither in hope to live in plenty and idleness....For all in New England must be workers of some kind....And howsoever they are accounted poor,they are well contented and look not so much at abundance as at competency."
William Wood,New England's Prospect,1634
An important cause for the varying accounts of colonial life described in these excerpts was the

A) growing Anglicization of the British colonies over time.
B) long growing season of the West Indies,compared to New England.
C) relative effectiveness of New England in enslaving Native peoples.
D) changes that diseases wrought on native communities in the West Indies.

Question 33

Which of the following characteristics was a common feature of royal colonies throughout English America in the seventeenth century?

A) Plantation agriculture
B) Religious freedom
C) An elected assembly
D) Prohibitions against non-English settlers

Question 34

In contrast to the Spanish missionaries of the sixteenth century,the seventeenth-century French Jesuits

A) did not live in the Indian villages but built separate dwellings.
B) coerced the Indians to accept their teachings.
C) were unable to adapt Christian theology to the Indians' worldview.
D) tried to understand the Indians' values and worldview.

Question 35

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes life in the seventeenth-century North American plantation colonies?

A) Unlike the mosquito-infested areas further south,the climate was mild and healthy.
B) The much higher male death rate led to many children being raised by their birth mothers and stepfathers.
C) Disease took such a toll on women that the colonies consisted largely of orphans and unmarried young men.
D) Despite the effects of disease,enough settlers poured in to raise the population of Virginia from 2,000 in 1622 to 80,000 in 1640.

Question 36

Which of the following describes the Dutch colony of New Netherland in the seventeenth century?

A) The colony grew rapidly due to the success of slavery.
B) Its settlers coexisted peacefully alongside the area's Native people.
C) The venture failed to attract many settlers.
D) It quickly became the most profitable of Holland's overseas colonies.

Question 37

Which of the following Native groups capitalized on its geographic location in central New York and remained a significant political force in North America long after colonization?

A) Iroquois
B) Algonquians
C) Pequots
D) Wampanoags

Question 38

Which of the following New England colonies required church membership in order to be able to vote?

A) Plymouth
B) Massachusetts Bay
C) Rhode Island
D) Connecticut

Question 39

In North America's plantation colonies,most indentured servants

A) were indistinguishable from slaves.
B) emigrated from Germany and France.
C) quickly broke their contracts with their masters.
D) did not escape from poverty.

Question 40

Lord Baltimore,the proprietor of Maryland,established that colony as a haven for

A) Catholics.
B) fleeing soldiers who had supported King Charles I in the English Civil War.
C) debtors and other poor persons.
D) released convicts.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true of Metacom's War (King Philip's War),which took place in 1675-1676?

A) It eliminated the presence of Native Americans in southern New England.
B) The war eliminated conflicts among previously incompatible Puritan sects.
C) It displaced Puritans from Boston's south shore and concentrated Nipmuk power in the region.
D) The war was a last-ditch attempt to save Indian lands and culture in New England.

Question 42

Why did Pueblos decide to revolt in the early 1680s?

A) Spanish officials persecuted Pueblo peoples for turning away from Christianity.
B) Pueblo leaders had visions that told them to attack the Spanish.
C) The Puritans were imposing the Catholic faith on the local natives.
D) The Pueblo peoples never received promised payment for ceded lands.

Question 43

Why did the largest landholdings in seventeenth-century New England towns usually belong to wealthier families?

A) Religious discrimination by Protestants prevented Quakers and Catholics from holding land.
B) Men of higher social status tended to receive the largest land grants from their towns.
C) Governors of the colony consistently favored their supporters when making land grants.
D) The colonial governments copied English feudal practices,which perpetuated social inequalities.

Question 44

How were the Indian uprising in 1622 and Bacon's Rebellion in 1675-1676 similar?

A) Both events stemmed from excessive taxation and unfair land practices.
B) The uprisings required the king's soldiers to intervene on the colonists' behalf.
C) Both emerged out of religious differences between Native peoples and the English settlers.
D) The rebellions led to changes in the structure of the colony's government.

Question 45

Which of the following was characteristic of both the Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut colonies?

A) Their governments were controlled by the landholding aristocracy.
B) Ordinary farmers had more political power than most Chesapeake men.
C) Religious toleration was widespread.
D) They had a single-crop economy.

Question 46

Answer the following questions :
encomienda

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 47

Which of the following statements describes life in the Chesapeake region after 1660?

A) Many yeoman farmers prospered because their tobacco profits enabled them to acquire more land.
B) A wealthy,planter-merchant elite dominated the Chesapeake economy and owned almost half the land in Virginia.
C) Newly freed indentured servants were able to acquire land more easily than they could before this time.
D) The lines separating the social classes blurred because wealth was more evenly distributed.

Question 48

Answer the following questions :
House of Burgesses

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 49

Which of the following was a consequence of Bacon's Rebellion of the 1670s?

A) Slavery began to replace indentured servitude.
B) Planters sought to insulate themselves from the poor white population.
C) New treaties guaranteed the Indians protected land along the frontier.
D) Massachusetts Bay and Virginia sought to join forces against Indian warriors.

Question 50

How were the Spanish conquistadors,Nathaniel Bacon's frontiersmen,and the Puritans similar?

A) They all tried to Christianize the Native population.
B) All the groups saw themselves as God's chosen people.
C) They believed that they would find great wealth in the New World.
D) All treated the Native Americans brutally.

Question 51

Why was William Berkeley significant in the Chesapeake region in the seventeenth century?

A) His rise from servitude to great wealth and power inspired the region's landless men.
B) He conceived of and founded the first college in North America in Virginia in 1642.
C) He joined together with Nathaniel Bacon to demand better treatment of western settlers.
D) His political favoritism during his governorship aroused great resentment in Virginia.

Question 52

Answer the following questions :
chattel slavery

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 53

Answer the following questions :
Metacom's War

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 54

Answer the following questions :
neo-Europes

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 55

Answer the following questions :
indentured servitude

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 56

Answer the following questions :
headright system

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 57

Answer the following questions :
mercantilism

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 58

The worldview of devout Puritans,such as Cotton Mather,was based on which of the following?

A) The tenets of rationalism and established science
B) The belief that omens and premonitions were manifestations of Satan
C) The notion that supernatural forces caused unusual events
D) The assumption that every person was innately good

Question 59

Answer the following questions :
royal colony

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 60

Answer the following questions :
joint-stock corporation

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 61

Answer the following questions :
town meeting

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 62

What were the characteristics of the population of Virginia in the seventeenth century and what accounted for them?

Question 63

Answer the following questions :
covenant of grace

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 64

Outline the goals of the directors of the Virginia Company and the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Company.Where did they succeed? In what ways did they fall short?

Question 65

Answer the following questions :
Puritans

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 66

Compare the Indian uprising in Virginia in 1622 with Bacon's Rebellion in 1675.What were the consequences of each for Virginia's economic and social development?

Question 67

Why did the Virginia colony fail to thrive before 1624?

Question 68

What were Puritans' grievances against the Church of England? What beliefs made the Puritans different?

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
Pueblo Revolt

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 70

What were the various systems of forced labor that took hold in the Chesapeake colonies?

Question 71

Describe the political structure that developed in the New England colonies.What was the relationship between local government and the Puritan churches?

Question 72

Answer the following questions :
Columbian Exchange

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 73

Why did the Five Nations of the Iroquois unite? What were the goals of the confederation? How successful were the Iroquois in achieving those goals?

Question 74

Answer the following questions :
toleration

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 75

The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay had fled an established church and religious persecution in England.Why,then,did they promptly establish their own church and persecute dissenters?

Question 76

Answer the following questions :
freeholds

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 77

Answer the following questions :
predestination

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 78

Answer the following questions :
covenant of works

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 79

Answer the following questions :
Pilgrims

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.

Question 80

Answer the following questions :
casta system

A)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.
B)Term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate,or at least approximate,economies and social structures they knew at home.
C)A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.
D)A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.
E)The massive global exchange of living things,including people,animals,plants,and diseases,between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
F)A system of political economy based on government regulation.Beginning in 1650,Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain.
G)Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants.
H)In the English system,this kind of settlements was chartered by the crown.The settlement's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.
I)Land owned in its entirety,without feudal dues or landlord obligations.Owners had the legal right to improve,transfer,or sell their landed property.
J)A system of land distribution,pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies,that granted land-usually 50 acres-to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival.By this means,large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.
K)Workers contracted for service for a specified period.In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more)without wages in the colonies,these workers received passage across the Atlantic,room and board,and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.
L)One of the first Protestant groups to come to America,seeking a separation from the Church of England.They founded Plymouth,the first permanent community in New England,in 1620.
M)Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII.Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study,prayer,and introspection.
N)A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America.In these companies,a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.
O)The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born.Sixteenth-century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine,which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.
P)The allowance of different religious practices.Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact a 1649 law mandating this principle,which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services.The crown also imposed this on Massachusetts Bay in its new royal charter of 1691.
Q)The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation.
R)The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace.This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven.
S)A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect selectmen,levy local taxes,and regulate markets,roads,and schools.
T)Also known as King Philip's War,it pitted a coalition of Native Americans led by a Wampanoag leader against the New England colonies in 1675-1676.A thousand colonists were killed and twelve colonial towns destroyed,but the colonies prevailed.The Wampanoag's and their allies lost some 4,500 people.
U)Also known as Pope's Rebellion,the revolt in 1680 was an uprising of 46 Native American pueblos against Spanish rule.Spaniards were driven out of New Mexico.When they returned in the 1690s,they granted more autonomy to the pueblos they claimed to rule.