Deck 19: Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

Question 1

Why were the presidents in office during the period from 1877 to 1895 generally undistinguished and ineffectual?

A) The primary system of nominating presidents chose the candidates by their salability rather than their qualifications.
B) Extraordinary times create extraordinary leaders and this period was not an extraordinary time.
C) Extremely close elections limited their ability to maneuver and take tough political stands.
D) Exhausted by the Civil War and Reconstruction,politicians allowed the people and themselves to relax.

Answer 1

Extremely close elections limited their ability to maneuver and take tough political stands.

Question 2

The prominent political movements between the end of Reconstruction and World War I ignored which of the following goals?

A) Limiting the power of big business
B) Ameliorating poverty
C) Promoting social justice
D) Bringing full equality to blacks

Answer 2

Bringing full equality to blacks

Question 3

The national political stalemate of the 1880s and early 1890s originated in part because of

A) the incredible population growth resulting from immigration.
B) northerners' tenacious commitment to Reconstruction.
C) labor unions' and trusts' large political donations.
D) the passing of the southern Confederate generation.

Answer 3

the incredible population growth resulting from immigration.

Question 4

Which of the following was the first federal law ever passed to regulate trusts?

A) Sherman Antitrust Act
B) Pendleton Act
C) Interstate Commerce Act
D) Clayton Antitrust Act

Question 5

In their 1892 Omaha Platform,Populists called for

A) women's suffrage.
B) public ownership of factories.
C) a federal income tax.
D) a tighter monetary policy.

Question 6

Between 1876 and 1892,Americans could be described as

A) highly partisan and politically active.
B) apathetic about politics.
C) independent-minded voters.
D) reluctant to join parties.

Question 7

Which of the following was a reason for fanning the fire of racial prejudice in the South?

A) To give white yeomen a step up in the region's class-stratified society
B) To prevent a Populist coalition between poor whites and African Americans
C) That former slaves,still angry with their masters,refused to intermingle in society
D) To ensure that the South would not develop along the same lines as the North

Question 8

Which of the following explains the inability of the Populists to become a major national political party alongside the Republicans and the Democrats in the late 1890s?

A) Their refusal to reach out to African American voters
B) Their embrace of women's suffrage
C) The economic depression of the 1890s
D) Their disdain for organized labor

Question 9

In which of the following ways did American politics change during the mid-1890s?

A) Southern blacks regained some access to voting and political rights.
B) Democrats became almost the only political party in the South for decades.
C) Democrats dominated national politics for the next forty years.
D) Populists gained a tremendous influence over northern workers.

Question 10

Who stepped in to aid the federal government when the U.S.Treasury's gold supplies dwindled badly in 1895?

A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Steel magnate Andrew Carnegie
C) J.P.Morgan and a syndicate of bankers
D) The British monarchy

Question 11

Mugwumps were reformers who

A) supported welfare reform.
B) advocated legislation to protect working men.
C) supported smaller government.
D) opposed the Australian-style secret ballot.

Question 12

The Pendleton Act of 1883

A) created the Civil Service Commission,which filled some government jobs by examination.
B) provided temporary benefits for families left without their breadwinner.
C) gave financial assistance to elderly Americans living in poverty.
D) created pensions for the families of disabled workers.

Question 13

Why did Senator Henry Cabot Lodge's bill to create a bipartisan federal election board fail to pass in the Senate in 1890?

A) Northern liberals were afraid that it provided for too much democracy.
B) Urban bosses objected to its assumptions about immigrants.
C) Northern manufacturers feared it would empower urban workers.
D) President Benjamin Harrison threatened to veto the legislation.

Question 14

Which segment of the American population drove the creation and success of the People's Party in the early 1890s?

A) Urban workers
B) Farmers
C) Middle-class managers
D) Immigrants

Question 15

How did the federal government respond when jobless men marched on Washington in 1894?

A) President Cleveland listened to them sympathetically.
B) Congress passed a measure to provide temporary relief to the unemployed.
C) Their leader Jacob Coxey was arrested and their demands were not met.
D) The president appointed a commission to study their grievances.

Question 16

In general,progressives differed from labor and farm advocates because the progressives

A) were mostly middle-class urban reformers.
B) were often more radical.
C) generally had less success on the national level.
D) were part of a much more unified and cohesive movement.

Question 17

Why did Congress abandon efforts to enforce black voting rights and fair elections in the South after 1892?

A) The Supreme Court had ruled that such efforts were unconstitutional.
B) Continued southern resistance persuaded Congress that such efforts were futile.
C) Race riots in several urban cities greatly decreased public support for civil rights action among northern voters.
D) Voters largely rejected Republicans and their policies in 1890,giving control of Congress and the presidency to the Democrats.

Question 18

For this question,refer to the following excerpt. There is no question which of the great parties represents the house of Have and which the house of Want....Democrat[s] are cramped for want of funds....On the other hand there is practically "no end of money" at the disposal of the McKinley committees....
As for the banks,the great railroad companies and insurance companies,who,even in ordinary times find it to their interest to help financially one,and frequently both,sides ... ,their purse strings are unloosed more freely than ever before,but only in one direction.
The danger to a republican form of government of a money interest in politics is so clear that it needs not to be dwelt upon....The steady tendency of American legislation,national and state,has not merely been to create great special interests,but in the very effort to control them for the benefit of the public,to concern them directly in politics.
Henry George on money in politics,Wheeling Register,September 19,1896
The events described in the excerpt above contributed most directly to debates over

A) the role of the government in economic development.
B) challenges to capitalism and alternate,utopian visions of society.
C) major overhauls of the capitalist system.
D) corruption in government,especially as it related to big business.

Question 19

Which president advocated measures to protect black voting rights in the South after the end of Reconstruction?

A) James Garfield
B) Benjamin Harrison
C) Grover Cleveland
D) William McKinley

Question 20

Which of the following was President Cleveland's greatest public relations failure during his presidency?

A) Sentencing Jacob Coxey to death
B) Supporting the strikers in the Pullman strike
C) Conducting secret negotiations with J.P.Morgan to replenish American gold
D) Going off the gold standard

Question 21

Which of the following was a result of the laws passed to disenfranchise blacks across the South in the 1890s and early 1900s?

A) The Republican Party was able to regain near parity with the Democrats once it no longer pursued black southern voters.
B) Voter turnout decreased only slightly after disenfranchisement.
C) Racial violence became less prevalent because whites no longer felt threatened.
D) Segregation laws barring blacks from public and private places such as hotels,parks,and public drinking fountains were passed.

Question 22

Advocates of free silver believed it would

A) reduce the price of manufactured goods.
B) lower the price of silver.
C) benefit wage earners.
D) encourage borrowing and stimulate industry.

Question 23

The Supreme Court's 1908 decision in Muller v.Oregon upheld a law

A) forcing employers to provide day care for workers' children.
B) limiting the workday for women to ten hours.
C) prohibiting child labor.
D) establishing a minimum-wage law for women.

Question 24

During the mid-1890s,many middle-class and prosperous Americans reformers neglected

A) the economic depression of the 1890s.
B) labor uprisings such as the Pennsylvania coal strike.
C) the political strength of the farmer-labor political movement.
D) women's suffrage.

Question 25

Why was McKinley's campaign in the 1896 presidential election superior to Bryan's?

A) McKinley traveled extensively to be seen and heard by the public and Bryan did not.
B) McKinley raised and spent a great deal of money donated by corporations.
C) McKinley gave more speeches throughout the nation.
D) Bryan spoke rationally,while McKinley spoke passionately and appealed to voters' emotions.

Question 26

What did William Jennings Bryan mean when he stated,"You shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold" in his famous 1896 speech?

A) The United States should abandon the gold standard to stimulate industry.
B) The upper classes had become wealthy by the suffering of the working class.
C) Conditions in the western gold mines had become too dangerous for workers.
D) The upper class should pay income taxes to support relief programs for the poor.

Question 27

Between 1910 and 1917,all the industrial states enacted laws that

A) banned child labor in factories.
B) gave full voting rights to women.
C) provided insurance for on-the-job accidents.
D) limited foreign immigration.

Question 28

For this question,refer to the following 1912 cartoon from the political humor magazine Puck. The ideas expressed in the cartoon above reflect most directly

A) the debates over the power of the federal government.
B) concerns over how economic and social changes affected American values.
C) the debates over the proper role of political parties.
D) calls for national political reform countered by conservative political resistance.

Question 29

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in the 1911 Standard Oil case?

A) The Standard Oil trust remained in place for several more decades.
B) The monopoly was broken up into several competing companies.
C) The longstanding "rule of reason" was declared unconstitutional.
D) The Sherman Antitrust Act was declared unconstitutional.

Question 30

For this question,refer to the following 1912 cartoon from the political humor magazine Puck. The cartoon above was most likely created in response to the

A) attempts of progressive reformers to reform existing political institutions.
B) calls for the creation of a stronger financial regulatory system due to episodes of credit and market instability.
C) transformation of American society and the nation's economy by the continued growth of large corporations.
D) aims of big business leaders and their allies in government to create a unified industrialized nation.

Question 31

To bring big coal companies to the negotiating table during the 1902 coal strike,President Theodore Roosevelt threatened to

A) arrest and jail the companies' workers and owners.
B) nationalize the coal companies.
C) promote the use of natural gas nationwide.
D) institute a federal minimum wage.

Question 32

While William Jennings Bryan promoted free silver;McKinley

A) called for lower tariffs and an income tax.
B) backed away from moral issues and courted new immigrants.
C) supported women's suffrage and the protection of voting rights for all Americans.
D) supported the passage of national unemployment insurance.

Question 33

New laws that restricted African Americans' and northern immigrants' access to the vote helped to ensure the passage of

A) the creation of a federal income tax.
B) the direct election of U.S.senators.
C) women's suffrage.
D) free coinage of silver.

Question 34

For this question,refer to the following excerpt. There is no question which of the great parties represents the house of Have and which the house of Want....Democrat[s] are cramped for want of funds....On the other hand there is practically "no end of money" at the disposal of the McKinley committees....
As for the banks,the great railroad companies and insurance companies,who,even in ordinary times find it to their interest to help financially one,and frequently both,sides ... ,their purse strings are unloosed more freely than ever before,but only in one direction.
The danger to a republican form of government of a money interest in politics is so clear that it needs not to be dwelt upon....The steady tendency of American legislation,national and state,has not merely been to create great special interests,but in the very effort to control them for the benefit of the public,to concern them directly in politics.
Henry George on money in politics,Wheeling Register,September 19,1896
The excerpt quoted above would be most useful to historians analyzing the

A) emergence of an industrial culture in the United States.
B) ties between Gilded Age politics and big business.
C) provision of services by urban political machines in exchange for political support.
D) relationship between citizens and the national government.

Question 35

For this question,refer to the following excerpt. There is no question which of the great parties represents the house of Have and which the house of Want....Democrat[s] are cramped for want of funds....On the other hand there is practically "no end of money" at the disposal of the McKinley committees....
As for the banks,the great railroad companies and insurance companies,who,even in ordinary times find it to their interest to help financially one,and frequently both,sides ... ,their purse strings are unloosed more freely than ever before,but only in one direction.
The danger to a republican form of government of a money interest in politics is so clear that it needs not to be dwelt upon....The steady tendency of American legislation,national and state,has not merely been to create great special interests,but in the very effort to control them for the benefit of the public,to concern them directly in politics.
Henry George on money in politics,Wheeling Register,September 19,1896
Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of the excerpt?

A) Political machines
B) Members of the People's (Populist)Party
C) Leaders of big business
D) Advocates of Social Darwinism

Question 36

After Roosevelt won the presidency in his own right in 1904,he did which of the following?

A) Began a campaign to nationalize most large corporations
B) Instituted efforts to change the size and composition of the Supreme Court
C) Created a new program to transform the country's approach to corporate law
D) Implemented his Square Deal by stepping up his attacks on American trusts

Question 37

Which of the following describes both the reform movements in the 1880s and the 1890s and those between 1900 and 1920?

A) They were focused mostly on agrarian and labor issues.
B) The reform movements in neither period had any long-term results.
C) The reform movements in both periods resulted from religious revival.
D) Women played an integral part in the reform movements of both periods.

Question 38

In a landmark decision regarding the Northern Securities Company,the U.S.Supreme Court

A) declared the Sherman Antitrust Act unconstitutional.
B) declared unconstitutional the establishment of the Bureau of Corporations.
C) ordered the Northern Securities Company railroad trust dissolved.
D) ruled that the Justice Department did not have the legal authority to sue to break up trusts.

Question 39

Which of the following statements characterizes President Theodore Roosevelt's approach to the nation's natural resources?

A) He was a preservationist who opposed the exploitation of natural resources.
B) An ardent outdoorsman,he became a convert to conservation after he left office.
C) He called for the repeal of the Forest Reserve Act of 1891.
D) He was a conservationist who tried to balance commercial and public interests.

Question 40

Which of the following statements characterizes the state of the Republican Party in Congress at the beginning of the Taft administration?

A) Republicans in Congress united solidly behind Taft's presidency.
B) It was deeply divided between Roosevelt's admirers and Taft's followers.
C) Conservatives opposed further reforms while progressives sought more radical change.
D) It had lost its taste for progressive reform and was determined to limit Taft's power as well.

Question 41

What prevented Theodore Roosevelt from achieving the Republican presidential nomination in 1912?

A) Taft had superior fundraising ability and,by outspending Roosevelt,he prevailed.
B) Taft proved to be more popular with grassroots Republican voters in most of the state primaries.
C) Taft controlled the party caucuses,whose leaders chose the candidate at the national convention.
D) Pro-Taft party officials bribed enough convention delegates to deny Roosevelt the nomination.

Question 42

Answer the following questions :
Standard Oil decision

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 43

Answer the following questions :
Muller v.Oregon

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 44

In the early 1900s,the Industrial Workers of the World were committed to achieving

A) government regulation of trusts.
B) wage and hour concessions for workers.
C) a new society run by and for workers.
D) support for the American Federation of Labor.

Question 45

Answer the following questions :
free silver

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 46

Answer the following questions :
Federal Reserve Act

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 47

Organized in 1905,the Niagara Movement embraced

A) environmental protection,including clean water.
B) a ten-hour workday for public utilities workers.
C) equal opportunity for African Americans.
D) federal payments to impoverished women and children.

Question 48

Answer the following questions :
Lodge Bill

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 49

Which president signed legislation creating the Federal Reserve system in 1913?

A) William Taft
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) William McKinley

Question 50

What was the lasting legacy of the progressive movement in America?

A) It successfully challenged the institutionalized systems of racism and discrimination in the South.
B) Progressives drew the blueprint for the powerful American state suited to an industrial era.
C) The movement solved the problems of industrial America by expanding voting rights.
D) Progressives eliminated the constitutional conflicts between the states and national government.

Question 51

Which of the following was promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette (1901-1905)as the Wisconsin Idea?

A) Greater government intervention in the economy
B) Smaller government with less intervention in the economy
C) Expanded voting rights for all men and women
D) Government subsidies to encourage the growth of corporations

Question 52

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) Adamson Act-eight-hour workday for railroad workers
B) Elkins Act-workmen's compensation for federal employees
C) Hepburn Act-prohibited discriminatory railway rates that favored powerful customers
D) Newlands Reclamation Act-enabled the Interstate Commerce Commission to set shipping rates

Question 53

Which of the following progressive reforms amended the Sherman Act to prevent trusts from curbing competition?

A) Federal Reserve Act
B) Clayton Antitrust Act
C) Newlands Reclamation Act
D) Pendleton Act

Question 54

Answer the following questions :
Newlands Reclamation Act

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 55

Mary White Ovington and W.E.B.Du Bois were both founders of the

A) YMCA.
B) NAACP.
C) New York Consumers' League.
D) Progressive Party.

Question 56

What was the outcome of the 1912 presidential election?

A) Wilson won with a minority of the popular vote because Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote.
B) Wilson won a bare majority of the popular vote but an overwhelming majority of the electoral vote.
C) Socialist Party candidate Debs captured 20 percent of the popular vote and carried several western states.
D) Roosevelt's popular appeal faded by election day,enabling Wilson to beat Taft with a solid majority.

Question 57

Answer the following questions :
Omaha Platform

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 58

Answer the following questions :
Pendleton Act

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 59

Answer the following questions :
Lochner v.New York

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 60

Answer the following questions :
New Nationalism

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 61

What factors accounted for Wilson's victory in 1912? How did the reforms achieved under Wilson differ from those passed during Theodore Roosevelt's presidency?

Question 62

What role did the federal courts play in the political transformations of the 1890s?

Question 63

Answer the following questions :
talented tenth

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 64

Answer the following questions :
National Child Labor Committee

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 65

What types of progressive legislation passed in the early 1900s? How might results have been different if William McKinley had survived the assassination attempt and remained as president,rather than his successor,Theodore Roosevelt?

Question 66

Why did Theodore Roosevelt start the Progressive Party in 1912?

Question 67

Answer the following questions :
Hepburn Act

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 68

What factors explain the limitations of progressive reform during this period?

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
Industrial Workers of the World

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 70

Answer the following questions :
Sherman Antitrust Act

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 71

Answer the following questions :
Wisconsin Idea

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 72

Answer the following questions :
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 73

What grassroots reform movements emerged during the period from 1880 to 1912? What were their goals,and how successfully did they realize them?

Question 74

Who was Jacob Coxey? What was the significance of his "army" and their march to Washington in 1894?

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
Williams v.Mississippi

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 76

What were the origins of the People's Party? How did it exemplify dissatisfaction with the two established parties?

Question 77

Answer the following questions :
Clayton Antitrust Act

A)An 1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination.The act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained,professional employees.
B)Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities,requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
C)Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890,a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention,a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner.The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.
D)An 1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.
E)A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold.Advocates of the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry,but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the this movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.
F)An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests.By 1908,every southern state had adopted such measures.
G)A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
H)A 1906 antitrust law that empowered the federal Interstate Commerce Commission to set railroad shipment rates wherever they believed that railroads were unfairly colluding to set prices.
I)A 1911 Supreme Court decision that directed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company into smaller companies,because its overwhelming market dominance and monopoly power violated antitrust laws.
J)A 1902 law,supported by President Theodore Roosevelt,that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.
K)A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy,with reliance on experts,particularly progressive economists,for policy recommendations.
L)A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully)to win a federal law banning child labor.The organization hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.
M)A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours,based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v.New York,laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers.It divided women's rights activists,however,because some saw its provisions as discriminatory.
N)A term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B.Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans,whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.
O)An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans,especially through the courts.
P)An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905,dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism.Nicknamed the Wobblies,it advocated direct action by workers,including sabotage and general strikes.
Q)In a 1910 speech,Theodore Roosevelt called for the practice of an ideology that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare,including a federal child labor law,more recognition of labor rights,a national minimum wage for women,women's suffrage,and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.
R)Act establishing the central bank system of the United States,created in 1913.This system helps set the money supply level,thus influencing the rate of growth of the U.S.economy,and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S.monetary system.
S)A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases;it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade," ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

Question 78

What factors shaped party politics after the end of Reconstruction? How did these factors influence the measures that state and federal governments implemented between 1880 and 1917?

Question 79

What is the relationship between progressive reform and the struggle for racial equality?

Question 80

What were the legacies of the progressive movement? What factors account for its failures and its successes?