Deck 12: Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Question 1

The northern states responded to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act by sponsoring

A) a proposal to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific.
B) an economic boycott of the South.
C) a clamor for popular sovereignty.
D) personal-liberty laws.

Answer 1

personal-liberty laws.

Question 2

What happened in Christiana,Pennsylvania,in 1851?

A) Abolitionist Theodore Parker defied the Fugitive Slave Act by helping two slaves escape to freedom.
B) About twenty African Americans fought a gun battle with slave catchers,killing two;a jury subsequently acquitted one defendant,and the government dropped charges against the rest.
C) Rioters marched into a courthouse,forced their way into the courtroom,and freed a fugitive slave facing trial.
D) Frederick Douglass declared that "the only way to make a Fugitive Slave Law a dead letter is to make a half dozen or more dead kidnappers."

Answer 2

About twenty African Americans fought a gun battle with slave catchers,killing two;a jury subsequently acquitted one defendant,and the government dropped charges against the rest.

Question 3

How did James Gadsden distinguish himself during Franklin Pierce's presidency?

A) He tried to buy much of northwestern Mexico and Baja California from the Mexican government.
B) Gadsden negotiated the purchase of the Hawaiian Islands from their native queen Liliuokalani.
C) He made arrangements to buy Cuba from Spain,but the deal fell through after it leaked to the antiexpansionist press.
D) He bought a small amount of land from Mexico to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad.

Answer 3

He bought a small amount of land from Mexico to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad.

Question 4

Why did radical abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison criticize the free soil movement bitterly in the late 1840s?

A) He wanted to cause a showdown with the South that would destroy slavery by force.
B) He found its emphasis on freehold farming racist and insufficiently radical.
C) He distrusted the Free Soil Party's presidential nominee,Martin Van Buren.
D) The Free Soil Party would not publicly declare support for women's rights.

Question 5

During the 1840s and 1850s,Roman Catholic churches in the United States were known for

A) providing community services and a sense of group identity for most Irish and many German immigrants.
B) loosening many of their ties to the Church in Rome in hopes of gaining more American converts.
C) emphasizing their spiritual functions while neglecting secular matters such as politics and economics.
D) closing their doors to immigrants in order to protect themselves against nativist violence and bad publicity.

Question 6

Popular sovereignty solved which of the following issues temporarily?

A) The dispute over state versus federal control over voter qualifications
B) Whether states had the right to secede from the Union
C) Whether Congress had the authority to legislate slavery in the territories
D) Whether states had to abide by federal laws that conflicted with state laws

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

A) It was quickly ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
B) Washington,D.C. ,was not subject to its enforcement.
C) The act prevented southern slave catchers from entering free states.
D) It denied alleged runaways a jury trial or the right to testify in their own defense.

Question 8

Which of the following characterizes patterns of immigration into the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

A) Most immigrants settled in the South to take advantage of jobs in industry and agriculture.
B) Most of the Irish who arrived in the United States were poverty-stricken peasants.
C) The largest group of immigrants arriving came from Eastern and Southern Europe.
D) The poorest immigrants arriving in the United States came from Wales and Scotland.

Question 9

Americans who lined up behind the free soil cause in the late 1840s

A) argued that Texas should be returned to Mexico to halt the spread of slavery.
B) demanded that Texas be the final slave state admitted to the Union.
C) declared that slavery threatened American republicanism by undermining family farms.
D) called for the immediate abolition of the sinful institution of slavery.

Question 10

Why did Democratic presidential candidate Lewis Cass propose the idea of squatter sovereignty in 1848?

A) He was promoting a policy that would grant free federal land to homesteaders in the West.
B) Cass hoped the plan would maintain the unity of the contentious Democratic Party.
C) He was seeking a solution to the conflicts between whites and Native Americans in the West.
D) Cass believed it would bring free soilers back into mainstream political parties.

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin?

A) It portrayed slaves as good-natured but unintelligent and unable to care for themselves.
B) It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad.
C) The book did not sell well until after the Civil War had begun,but it eventually made Stowe a rich woman.
D) The novel was made into an emotionally charged stage play that was banned throughout the North and South.

Question 12

What did the Wilmot Proviso,introduced in Congress in 1846,propose to do?

A) Permit slavery in any new state or territory where the voters wished to allow it
B) Prohibit slavery in any territory the United States acquired from Mexico
C) Protect existing slavery in the South and legislate its end by 1900
D) Prohibit slavery in any new territory acquired by the United States

Question 13

Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe pen her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin,which was published in 1852?

A) Stowe wanted to promote African colonization as the best solution to the evils of slavery.
B) Stowe wanted women to leave any church that did not preach against slavery.
C) Stowe wanted more white northern women to join abolitionist societies.
D) Stowe sought to depict slavery as degrading,especially to slave women.

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A) The treaty was passed by the House but rejected in the U.S.Senate.
B) It prohibited slavery in all territories ceded by Mexico,including Texas.
C) It ceded California and New Mexico to the United States and required $50 million in Mexican reparations.
D) The treaty purchased more than one-third of Mexico's territory for a mere $15 million.

Question 15

In 1854,why did Senator Stephen A.Douglas introduce a bill to extinguish Native American rights in the Great Plains and organize the northern segment of the Louisiana Purchase into a large territory called Nebraska?

A) He wanted to negate the Missouri Compromise and open the area to slaveholders.
B) He wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to northern California.
C) He wanted to win support for his presidential candidacy among northern Democrats.
D) He wanted to disprove the allegation that the Great Plains area was a desert and thus unsuitable for settlement.

Question 16

Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America?

A) Women
B) Irish immigrants
C) Native Americans
D) Free blacks

Question 17

During the 1850s,proslavery American expansionists attempted to acquire which of the following regions?

A) Haiti
B) Panama
C) Cuba
D) The Bahamas

Question 18

Which of the following policies was implemented as part of the Compromise of 1850?

A) Admission of California as a slave state
B) Passage of a new Fugitive Slave Act
C) Popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska
D) Abolition of slavery in Washington,D.C.

Question 19

Who of the following people is correctly matched to his position on the extension of slavery during the debate over the admission of California into the Union in 1850?

A) John C.Calhoun-supported an extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean
B) James Buchanan and other northern Democrats-argued that Congress had no authority to regulate slavery in the territories
C) Lewis Cass-supported popular sovereignty to address the slavery issue
D) Stephen Douglas-restrict Southern slavery within its original boundaries

Question 20

Which of the following developments occurred during the 1852 presidential campaign?

A) Whigs renominated Millard Fillmore because of his vigorous enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act and support of popular sovereignty.
B) Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce as a compromise candidate because he was a congenial man with southern sympathies.
C) Northern and southern Whigs resolved their differences over the Compromise of 1850 and supported their nominee,Winfield Scott.
D) The American Party nominated former president and ardent expansionist John Tyler for the presidency.

Question 21

Why did the Republican Party nominate Abraham Lincoln for the presidency in 1860?

A) He was the most experienced and respected Republican politician.
B) He had already defeated Stephen A.Douglas in the senatorial election in 1858.
C) He appealed to both northern and southern voters.
D) His egalitarian image would attract votes among farmers and workers.

Question 22

In the late 1850s,so-called fire-eaters like Robert Barnwell Rhett of South Carolina and William Lowndes Yancey of Alabama

A) advocated federal investments in internal improvements.
B) repudiated the Union and actively promoted secession.
C) supported ending slavery in the territories.
D) asserted states' rights to collect tariffs on foreign trade.

Question 23

Which statement describes why John Brown's 1859 raid exacerbated the growing divide in the United States on the slavery issue?

A) To many slave owners,it showed the lengths to which abolitionists would go to end slavery.
B) Northerners were infuriated that Brown and his followers were so easily convicted and executed.
C) Southern Democrats worried about the British-backed raid's effect on American sovereignty.
D) Brown's capture of the army's only significant depot showed how poorly prepared the U.S.military was for war.

Question 24

The creation of the Republican Party,the Pottawatomie massacre,and the negation of the Missouri Compromise were all consequences of the

A) Dred Scott decision.
B) decisions of Roger Taney.
C) Kansas-Nebraska Act.
D) Ostend Manifesto.

Question 25

From 1854 to 1856,which of the following was the fundamental principle all Republicans agreed on?

A) An absolute opposition to the expansion of slavery into any new territories
B) The eventual abolition of slavery throughout the United States
C) The exclusion of Roman Catholic immigrants from entering the United States
D) The extension of voting rights to all adult male citizens,regardless of race

Question 26

In 1858,in response to Abraham Lincoln's assertions about slavery in the territories,Stephen Douglas

A) stole Lincoln's thunder by advocating a plan for gradual emancipation with compensation for former slaveholders.
B) emphasized colonization of freed slaves as the only practical solution to the problem of slavery.
C) declared,"This government was made by our fathers,by white men for the benefit of white men."
D) asserted that settlers could exclude slavery from a territory by not adopting local legislation to protect it.

Question 27

Which of the following scenarios occurred during the 1856 presidential election?

A) The Republicans emerged as a formidable replacement for the Whigs and came close to winning the election.
B) The Republicans drew strong support from the West and the Midwest but little support from the Northeast or the South.
C) Millard Fillmore,running on the American (or Know-Nothing)Party ticket,divided the antislavery and nativist vote in all parts of the country.
D) Democrats forged a strong coalition with former southern Whigs based on popular sovereignty.

Question 28

Abraham Lincoln belonged to which political party during his four terms in the Illinois state legislature?

A) Whigs
B) Democrats
C) Free Soil
D) Republican

Question 29

What 1858 event catapulted Abraham Lincoln to national prominence?

A) The Kansas-Nebraska Act
B) The raid on Harper's Ferry
C) The debates with Senator Stephen Douglas
D) The Dred Scott decision

Question 30

Which of the following aided the new Republican Party to win the presidency in 1860?

A) The broad Republican appeal in the slaveholding South
B) Republican candidate John C.Breckinridge's personal appeal
C) The split in the Democratic Party into northern and southern factions
D) The Republican victory in the states of New Jersey and Missouri

Question 31

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act led to which of the following outcomes?

A) The Kansas and Nebraska territories were admitted as free states.
B) Stephen Douglas's political career ended.
C) President Pierce signed the Ostend Manifesto.
D) The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealed.

Question 32

How did the Franklin Pierce administration approach the settlement and organization of the Kansas Territory in 1854 and 1855?

A) It favored the settlers sponsored by the New England Emigrant Aid Society.
B) Pierce officially favored the legitimacy of the proslavery legislature in Lecompton.
C) It invalidated an election in which proslavery Missourians had crossed into Kansas to vote.
D) The administration chose to ignore the issue and played no role.

Question 33

The movement toward secession in the winter of 1860-1861 proceeded the most rapidly in the

A) Upper South.
B) Middle South.
C) Deep South.
D) border states.

Question 34

Which of the following statements describes President Buchanan's handling of the Kansas issue?

A) Buchanan supported the efforts of Senator Douglas to resolve the controversy fairly.
B) He tried but failed to have Kansas admitted as a slave state and fractured the Democratic Party.
C) He supported the actions of the New England Emigrant Aid Society and John Brown.
D) Unlike Pierce,Buchanan denounced the Lecompton constitution as being fraudulent.

Question 35

Which of the following statements describes the American Party,or Know-Nothings,that emerged in the North in the 1850s?

A) The American Party originated in anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic societies of the 1840s.
B) Its nickname referred to opponents' jibes that it "knew nothing" about solving the political crises of the 1850s.
C) Despite gaining much attention,the Know-Nothings failed to win control of any state government or any seats in Congress.
D) Only southern voters who were equally fearful of both immigrants and the "slave power" joined the party in large numbers.

Question 36

The 1857 Dred Scott decision had which of the following consequences?

A) It deprived the Republicans of their political platform by prohibiting slavery in any new territories.
B) The decision persuaded many Republicans that the Supreme Court and President Buchanan were part of the "slave power" conspiracy.
C) Chief Justice Roger Taney's influential majority opinion effectively smoothed over sectional tensions for two years.
D) The decision's nullification of the Northwest Ordinance persuaded Stephen A.Douglas to disavow the popular sovereignty doctrine.

Question 37

John Brown's 1859 raid on what town further exacerbated the growing divide in the United States on the slavery issue?

A) Pottawatomie,Kansas
B) Gettysburg,Pennsylvania
C) Nashville,Tennessee
D) Harper's Ferry,West Virginia

Question 38

What was the outcome of the midterm election in 1858?

A) Lincoln was elected to the Senate by the Illinois state legislature.
B) Republicans won control of the U.S.House of Representatives.
C) Douglas's Freeport Doctrine won favor from both proslavery and antislavery supporters.
D) Republican candidates won control of both the U.S.House and the U.S.Senate.

Question 39

Which of the following events took place in Kansas during the summer of 1856?

A) Abolitionist vigilantes attacked the proslavery town of Lawrence.
B) John Brown led abolitionists in an assault on a federal arsenal at Topeka.
C) A proslavery mob captured John Brown and other abolitionists and hanged them at Lawrence.
D) John Brown and his followers murdered and mutilated five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie.

Question 40

Which combination correctly aligns the candidate with his support in the 1860 presidential election?

A) Abraham Lincoln-northern Democrat
B) Stephen Douglas-southern Democrat
C) James Buchannan-Republican
D) John C.Breckinridge-southern Democrat

Question 41

President Buchanan responded to the secession crisis by

A) ordering a naval assault on Charleston,which the Confederates repelled.
B) ignoring the situation and leaving it for Lincoln to resolve.
C) supporting the secessionists and helping the Confederacy to secure diplomatic recognition.
D) declaring secession illegal but claiming that the federal government had no power to reverse it.

Question 42

Answer the following questions :
Foreign Miners' Tax

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 43

Answer the following questions :
Mexican cession

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 44

After his inauguration in March 1861,Lincoln

A) stated that secession was illegal and declared that he would enforce federal law.
B) declared his belief that slavery was evil and that he would oversee its elimination from the United States.
C) reaffirmed his support for the Crittenden Compromise as the only practical approach to slavery.
D) promised to stop collecting taxes and providing benefits in states that had seceded from the Union.

Question 45

Answer the following questions :
chain migration

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 46

Answer the following questions :
free soil movement

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 47

Which of the following statements describes Virginia's secession after the outbreak of the war?

A) One of Virginia's military heroes,Robert E.Lee,led the movement for secession.
B) The ordinance of secession passed at the convention by only one vote.
C) Due to its strong patriotic history,Virginia was the last southern state to join the Confederacy.
D) Many Virginia whites voted against secession but lost to those in favor of secession 88 to 55.

Question 48

Answer the following questions :
personal liberty laws

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 49

Answer the following questions :
Gadsden Purchase

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 50

The Crittenden Compromise of 1861 included a proposal to

A) amend the Constitution to protect slavery where it already existed.
B) repeal the Kansas-Nebraska Act and eliminate the practice of popular sovereignty.
C) prohibit slavery in any future territories acquired by the United States.
D) make Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln co-presidents of the United States.

Question 51

Answer the following questions :
Kansas-Nebraska Act

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 52

Which of the following describes the Crittenden Compromise?

A) It was a compromise Lincoln supported.
B) The plan outlined the Confederate constitution.
C) It was eliminated due to President Buchanan's veto.
D) The plan was a failed attempt to prevent secession.

Question 53

In his famous "cornerstone" speech of 1861,Alexander Stephens declared that the southern states had seceded to preserve which of the following?

A) States' rights
B) Low tariff rates
C) Slavery
D) Democracy

Question 54

At which of the following points did the states of the Lower South secede and organize a provisional government of the Confederate States of America headed by Jefferson Davis?

A) Before the presidential election of 1860
B) Before the popular votes were counted and Lincoln's election became apparent
C) After Lincoln rejected the proposed Crittenden Compromise
D) Before Buchanan left the White House and Lincoln was inaugurated

Question 55

Answer the following questions :
Wilmot Proviso

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 56

Why did President-Elect Lincoln not support the Crittenden Compromise and possibly avoid civil war?

A) The compromise,in Lincoln's mind,did not protect slaveholders' property rights.
B) The president-elect would not compromise on the issue of slavery in the territories.
C) Lincoln felt the law did not address the issue of slavery in Washington,D.C. ,adequately.
D) Crittenden did not support compensation for the slaves the compromise would have emancipated.

Question 57

Answer the following questions :
forty-niners

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 58

Which of the following border states quickly joined the Confederacy in 1861?

A) Maryland
B) Kentucky
C) Tennessee
D) Missouri

Question 59

Why was the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861 significant?

A) It was the first battle of the Civil War.
B) It marked a turning point of the war in the Confederates' favor.
C) It was a major victory for the Union army and rallied the soldiers.
D) Lincoln called for 200,000 militiamen to enlist after the defeat.

Question 60

Answer the following questions :
Compromise of 1850

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 61

What were the links between the U.S.-Mexico War of 1846-1848 and Abraham Lincoln's election as president in 1860?

Question 62

What issues were resolved by the Compromise of 1850? Who benefitted more from its terms,the North or the South? Why?

Question 63

Did the Republicans win the election of 1860,or did the Democrats lose it? Explain your answer.

Question 64

Answer the following questions :
Ostend Manifesto

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 65

Answer the following questions :
Treaty of Kanagawa

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 66

How did the Compromise of 1850,the Kansas-Nebraska Act,and the Dred Scott decision address the issue of slavery? What was the effect of each of them on sectional conflicts?

Question 67

Why did most of the border states remain in the Union?

Question 68

How did Lincoln's position on slavery differ from that of Stephen Douglas?

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
popular sovereignty

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 70

How do you explain northern attempts to circumvent the Fugitive Slave Act with personal-liberty laws and denunciations of states rights' theory?

Question 71

After all the compromises enacted to preserve the Union between 1820 and the 1850s,why were there no new compromises over slavery in 1861?

Question 72

Why did the Compromise of 1850 fail?

Question 73

Answer the following questions :
filibustering

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 74

What did Stephen Douglas try to accomplish with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? Was the act any more successful than the Compromise of 1850? Explain your answer.

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
Dred Scott decision

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 76

What were the main constitutional arguments advanced during the debate over slavery in the territories in the nineteenth century? Which of those arguments influenced Chief Justice Roger Taney's opinion in the Dred Scott case?

Question 77

Answer the following questions :
nativism

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 78

Answer the following questions :
conscience Whigs

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.

Question 79

How might the events of the 1850s have been different if Congress had extended the Missouri Compromise line instead of passing the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Question 80

Answer the following questions :
"slave power" conspiracy

A)Lands taken by the United States in the U.S.-Mexico War (1846-1848).
B)Whig politicians who opposed the U.S.-Mexico War on moral grounds,maintaining that the purpose of the war was to expand and perpetuate control of the national government.
C)The 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the U.S.-Mexico War.
D)The political argument,made by abolitionists,free soilers,and Republicans in the pre-Civil War years,that southern slaveholders were using their unfair representative advantage under the three-fifths compromise of the Constitution,as well as their clout within the Democratic Party,to demand extreme federal proslavery policies (such as annexation of Cuba)that the majority of American voters would not support.
E)A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.In 1848 members of this movement organized their own political party,which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society,arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.
F)A discriminatory tax adopted in 1850 in the California Territory,that forced Chinese and Latin American immigrant miners to pay high taxes for the right to prospect for gold.The tax effectively drove these miners from the gold fields.
G)A plan,first promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass as "squatter sovereignty," then revised as "popular sovereignty" by fellow Democratic presidential aspirant Stephen Douglas,under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.
H)The more than 80,000 settlers who arrived in California in 1849 as part of that territory's gold rush.
I)Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories.Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and a new Fugitive Slave Act.
J)Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents,including alleged fugitives,the right to a jury trial.
K)An 1854 treaty in which,after a show of military force by U.S.Commodore Matthew Perry,leaders of Japan agreed to permit American ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.
L)A small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico)purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
M)Private paramilitary campaigns,mounted particularly by southern proslavery advocates in the 1850s,to seize additional territory in the Caribbean or Latin America in order to establish control by U.S.-born leaders,with an expectation of eventual annexation by the United States.
N)An 1854 manifesto that urged President Franklin Pierce to seize the slave-owning province of Cuba from Spain.Northern Democrats denounced this aggressive initiative,and the plan was scuttled.
O)A pattern by which immigrants find housing and work and learn to navigate a new environment,and then assist other immigrants from their family or home area to settle in the same location.
P)Opposition to immigration and to full citizenship for recent immigrants or to immigrants of a particular ethnic or national background,as expressed,for example,by anti-Irish discrimination in the 1850s and Asian exclusion laws between the 1880s and 1940s.
Q)A controversial 1854 law that divided the Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska,repealed the Missouri Compromise,and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.Far from clarifying the status of slavery in the territories,the Act led to violent conflict in "Bleeding Kansas."
R)The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott,who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free.The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.