Deck 13: Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Question 1

Which of the following describes the purpose of the U.S.Sanitary Commission?

A) The group was the first federal military medical evacuation system with emergency transportation and mobile field hospitals.
B) The office was established to enforce minimum standards of cleanliness in army camps and to supervise the burial of war dead.
C) It was a voluntary organization in the North that provided medical services,distributed supplies and medicines,and recruited physicians and nurses.
D) Northern evangelicals created the committee to supervise the morals of Union soldiers and to combat gambling,drinking,and consorting with prostitutes.

Answer 1

It was a voluntary organization in the North that provided medical services,distributed supplies and medicines,and recruited physicians and nurses.

Question 2

The Emancipation Proclamation stated that

A) slaves in the rebel states would be freed.
B) slaves in the border states would be freed.
C) all slaves in the United States would be freed.
D) all fugitive slaves and all slaves captured by the Union army were free.

Answer 2

slaves in the rebel states would be freed.

Question 3

Which of the following statements describes the significance of the Battle of Antietam?

A) More Confederate troops died in this battle than in the entire rest of the war.
B) It was the first definitive Union victory in the eastern theater of the war.
C) McClellan's battle plans fell into Confederate hands before the battle took place.
D) Lincoln removed McClellan from command after the battle for his timidity.

Answer 3

Lincoln removed McClellan from command after the battle for his timidity.

Question 4

Which of the following describes Lincoln's military strategy at the beginning of the Civil War?

A) Attack cautiously to minimize casualties on both sides.
B) Strike immediately against the Confederate capital in Richmond,Virginia.
C) Adopt General Scott's plan of naval blockades and economic sanctions.
D) Use federal troops only for the purpose of defending Washington,D.C.

Question 5

On July 4,1861,in a statement to a special session of Congress,President Lincoln

A) declared that the war was a noble crusade that would determine the fate of democracy throughout the world.
B) promised a swift defeat of the Confederacy,provided that Congress cooperated with the administration.
C) announced that one of the goals of the war was to end slavery in the South.
D) warned that the North was prepared to fight a total war against the South.

Question 6

The Enrollment Act of 1863

A) led to riots in New York City.
B) created a draft system that was more fair in the South than in the North.
C) allowed southerners to avoid the draft if they owned twenty or more slaves.
D) allowed blacks to volunteer in the Union army.

Question 7

Which of the following was the major cause of death for Civil War soldiers?

A) Wounds received in battle
B) Disease and infection
C) Sniper attacks
D) Renegade attacks from Indians

Question 8

Which of the following describes the historical significance of the September 1862 Battle of Antietam?

A) After the battle,President Lincoln relieved General Lee of command of the Union armies.
B) The result of the battle allowed Lincoln to declare all slaves nationwide free.
C) The day of the battle remains the bloodiest single day in U.S.military history.
D) After a long siege,the defeat of Confederate forces allowed U.S.control of the Mississippi River.

Question 9

What was the Confederacy seeking to achieve with the war in 1861?

A) Permanent independence and "to be let alone"
B) Reestablishment of the Union with ironclad guarantees for slavery
C) The annexation of all the border states and of the Southwest as far as the Pacific
D) Expansion into the Caribbean,Central America,and northern Mexico

Question 10

Which general is properly paired with a battle in which he commanded troops?

A) Union general George B.McClellan-Shiloh
B) Confederate general P.G.T.Beauregard-Gettysburg
C) Confederate general Stonewall Jackson-Fredericksburg
D) Confederate general Robert E.Lee-Antietam

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes the movement toward emancipation within the Republican Party in 1862?

A) Lincoln led the Radical Republicans,who wanted to speed up the process of emancipation by abolishing slavery throughout the South.
B) Mounting Union casualties diminished popular support for emancipation,forcing Lincoln to slow his schedule for freeing slaves.
C) Radical Republicans in Congress pushed moderates toward embracing their agenda of total abolition.
D) Republicans were afraid that if they did not strongly support emancipation,northern Democrats would use their hesitancy against them in the upcoming elections.

Question 12

How did the battles that took place in Virginia from June 25 to July 1,1862,unfold?

A) Jackson routed Union troops in the Shenandoah Valley,allowing Lee to deflect a Union army under McClellan from its objective,which was the capture of Richmond.
B) Jackson outmaneuvered Union troops under McClellan as they were approaching Richmond,allowing him to rout Banks's federal army protecting Washington.
C) Lee ferociously attacked Union troops under McClellan as they were approaching Richmond.
D) Union troops under McClellan defeated Lee's Confederate army,but at a high cost in lives.

Question 13

Which of the following describes the outcome of the first Battle of Bull Run on July 21,1861?

A) Confederate troops captured many sightseers who had come from Washington to view the battle.
B) Union troops under General McDowell swept the Confederates,led by General Beauregard,from the field.
C) Both armies fell into total confusion,and the fighting ended in chaos with many casualties.
D) Union troops panicked during a Confederate counterattack and retreated to Washington.

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes the place of emancipation in the Union's war aims in 1861 and 1862?

A) Moderate Republican leaders began to redefine the war as a struggle,not only against Confederate armies,but also against the institution of slavery.
B) Most abolitionists welcomed the South's secession because it removed the stain of slavery from the Union.
C) Most abolitionists rejected the idea of emancipation in wartime,fearing that a backlash would place slaves in even greater danger.
D) Radical Republicans argued that slaves would starve if they were emancipated in wartime and that freedom would have to wait.

Question 15

Why did Robert E.Lee invade Maryland in August and September 1862?

A) His orders to Jackson had fallen into Union hands,and he needed to improvise a new strategy to confuse the enemy.
B) He hoped that a victory over Union forces would humiliate Lincoln's government.
C) Lee was driven northward by McClellan,who had finally taken the offensive.
D) Lee planned to seize Baltimore and then strike at Washington,D.C. ,from the north.

Question 16

During the early years of the Civil War,the term contraband came into use to describe

A) freedom-seeking slaves who fled from Confederate masters to Union armies.
B) slaves who were pressed into service.
C) northern free blacks who volunteered to serve in the Union army.
D) slaves drafted by the Confederate government for noncombatant duty.

Question 17

Which lists the early Civil War battles in correct chronological order,starting with the earliest?

A) Pea Ridge;Shiloh;First Manassas (Bull Run);Glorieta Pass
B) Glorieta Pass;Antietam;Shiloh;Second Manassas (Bull Run)
C) Fort Donelson;Second Manassas (Bull Run);Glorieta Pass;Antietam
D) First Manassas (Bull Run);Fort Donelson;Shiloh;Antietam

Question 18

The second Confiscation Act,passed in July 1862,declared that

A) all the slaves in the Confederacy were officially the property of the United States.
B) the Union army had permission to confiscate any Confederate property,including slaves.
C) slaves who joined the Union army as soldiers would earn their emancipation.
D) any slave who came to Union lines,through either flight or capture,would be forever free.

Question 19

Why did President Lincoln decide to suspend habeas corpus during the Civil War?

A) He needed to assure Americans that civil liberties would be protected.
B) He was aiming to demoralize the South.
C) He believed it would stop disloyal activities,such as protests against the draft.
D) He hoped to encourage voluntary enlistment in the Union army for the duration of the war.

Question 20

How did the Confederacy,with its agricultural economy,acquire the products and equipment it needed to supply its army?

A) The Confederacy made black-market arrangements with northern manufacturers.
B) The Confederates industrialized at a rapid pace in order to produce goods domestically.
C) Profits from cotton exports provided funds to purchase imported products.
D) It relied on soldiers' families to supply them with the equipment they needed.

Question 21

In his attack on Atlanta in the summer of 1864,Sherman's Union forces

A) fought until they reached a stalemate with Confederates later that year.
B) retreated to fight Confederate forces in Alabama and Tennessee.
C) waged a campaign that began in July and succeeded in early September.
D) brutally executed more than 700 white women and children.

Question 22

Which of the following statements characterizes the role played by African Americans in the Civil War?

A) Blacks were only allowed to take noncombat positions in the Union army.
B) African Americans served in segregated regiments and fought courageously.
C) By 1865,many slaves had fought for the Confederacy in return for a promise of freedom.
D) Black men refused to fight in the "white man's war," even after the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 23

Which of these statements describes events that took place during the 1864 presidential campaign?

A) The Republicans temporarily changed their name to the National Union Party in order to attract the border states and Democratic votes.
B) Republicans urged Union generals to avoid major battles and large numbers of casualties until after the voting to maintain public support for the war.
C) Democrats rushed through the admission of Nevada to the Union,believing that its electoral votes might tip the election in their favor.
D) Republicans split into two factions,with Radicals determined to abolish slavery and National Unionists willing to abandon emancipation if the South would lay down its arms.

Question 24

Why was the ship Alabama instrumental to the Confederate war effort?

A) The warship captured or sank more than one hundred Union merchant ships.
B) It was a Confederate merchant ship that managed to break through the blockade.
C) Its armor plating made it almost impervious to cannon fire in battle.
D) The warship,built in Boston,was captured by the Confederates and used in many victories.

Question 25

How did the Union raise money to pay for most of its Civil War costs?

A) By raising taxes on the wealthy and businesses
B) By issuing interest-paying treasury bonds
C) By increasing tariffs on imports
D) By levying excise taxes on goods such as tobacco and alcohol

Question 26

The Republican-dominated U.S.Congress took advantage of southerners' absence to institute which of the following reforms during the Civil War?

A) A prohibition on the sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages
B) A neomercantilist program of government assisted economic development
C) The chartering for the Third Bank of the United States
D) A prohibition on slavery in all the states of the Union

Question 27

Which of the following Confederate government policies damaged morale in the Confederacy,clearly making it evident that the war was a "poor man's fight"?

A) Greenbacks
B) One-tenth tax
C) Twenty-Negro rule
D) Homestead Act of 1862

Question 28

Which of the following describes the 1864 Shenandoah Valley campaign?

A) Union troops were ordered not to attack Confederate troops so near Washington,D.C. ,during an election year.
B) Both sides suffered their highest casualty rates of the entire war.
C) Union troops led a scorched-earth campaign to punish farmers who had aided the South.
D) The Confederate troops triumphed by using guerrilla tactics.

Question 29

Which of the following scenarios unfolded at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863?

A) Pickett's charge at the heart of the Union line was a costly blunder that forced a Confederate retreat.
B) Confederate troops flooded in from the west and,within a day,vastly outnumbered Union troops.
C) Lee's army initially drove the Union troops from the battlefield but could not pursue Meade's army without reinforcements.
D) Confederate forces refused to engage the Union army directly,resulting in a stalemate that ultimately led both sides to withdraw.

Question 30

Why was the South unable to convince England to provide it with more support during the Civil War?

A) England needed Union wheat more than the South's cotton.
B) The British thought the South was likely to win and withdrew.
C) England's agriculture was self-sufficient.
D) The English public was indifferent to the war.

Question 31

Which pair of battles marked the turning point in the Civil War?

A) First and Second Bull Run
B) Vicksburg and Gettysburg
C) Fredericksburg and the Battle of the Wilderness
D) Chancellorsville and the Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse

Question 32

Which of the following resulted from the Union victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg in 1863?

A) President Lincoln restored George McClellan as head of the Union army.
B) The unburied bodies of dead Confederate soldiers caused a typhoid epidemic that killed hundreds of civilians.
C) Republicans swept the 1863 elections in Pennsylvania,Ohio,and New York
D) The Confederate armies began to draft slaves into military service.

Question 33

Why was the enlistment of African Americans in the Union army and their deployment in battle delayed until 1863?

A) Most Union generals doubted that they would make good soldiers.
B) Abolitionists feared that the white officers would treat the black troops as disposable.
C) Lincoln feared that free blacks from the North would be captured and enslaved.
D) The Union did not have enough funds to equip and pay destitute black soldiers.

Question 34

Which issue caused a split in the Democratic Party during the election of 1864?

A) George B.McClellan's candidacy
B) Freedom for blacks
C) Lincoln's policy toward dissenters
D) Continuing the war

Question 35

After being placed in charge of all Union armies in 1864,General Grant and Abraham Lincoln crafted which of the following new military strategies?

A) The targeting of the Confederacy's industrial centers
B) The destruction of the Confederacy's infrastructure
C) An attack of every major Confederate army simultaneously
D) An avoidance of Union casualties to maintain northerners' support for the war

Question 36

The Confederacy financed the Civil War primarily by

A) selling bonds to wealthy planters.
B) imposing a modest property tax and an export tax on cotton.
C) issuing paper currency that was not backed by gold or silver.
D) borrowing heavily from Britain.

Question 37

How did Abraham Lincoln fare in the 1864 presidential election?

A) Lincoln won by a slim margin,thanks to the votes of Union soldiers.
B) He was swept to victory in the wake of Sherman's capture of Atlanta.
C) He won despite the fact that three out of every four Union soldiers voted against him.
D) Abraham Lincoln lost the popular vote to McClellan,but he won the electoral vote.

Question 38

Which of the following constituted a critical problem for the Confederacy during the Civil War?

A) A lack of experienced military leaders
B) The lack of trained soldiers
C) High levels of inflation
D) Its citizens' lack of conviction

Question 39

At the dedication of the cemetery at what battlefield did President Lincoln famously declare that the Civil War would bring a "new birth of freedom" for the nation?

A) Vicksburg
B) Fort Pillow
C) Fredericksburg
D) Gettysburg

Question 40

Which of the following characterizes government economic and political decisions during the Civil War?

A) The North left most decisions in the hands of the voters.
B) Both governments utilized their national power to make decisions.
C) Lincoln ruled with a keen eye on constitutional correctness.
D) The South left all major decisions in the hands of the state governments.

Question 41

Answer the following questions :
miscegenation

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 42

Why did General William T.Sherman march to the sea in 1864?

A) His supply lines to Tennessee were cut.
B) He sought to demoralize Confederate citizens.
C) Savannah was a vital military target.
D) Grant ordered him to join up with his army in Virginia.

Question 43

Why did so many Confederate soldiers flee their units by 1865?

A) The soldiers felt that the war had already been won by the Confederate army.
B) Poor white soldiers resented fighting for the benefit of wealthy slave owners.
C) Many soldiers were sympathetic to abolitionism and enlisted in the Union army.
D) White soldiers refused to fight alongside blacks,who had served since the beginning of the war.

Question 44

Answer the following questions :
one-tenth tax

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 45

Answer the following questions :
twenty-Negro rule

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 46

How did Democrats hope to win the 1864 presidential election?

A) Due to its secret agreements with Confederate policymakers
B) Via encouraging immigrants to stay home instead of voting
C) By running a campaign for full support for continuing the war
D) Through raising concerns about racial miscegenation

Question 47

Answer the following questions :
Emancipation Proclamation

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 48

Answer the following questions :
Special Field Order No.15

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 49

Why did Abraham Lincoln change his vice presidential running mate for the 1864 election?

A) The incumbent was involved in a patronage scandal.
B) The existing vice president had died in 1863.
C) Lincoln sought to attract border-state and Democratic voters.
D) The Republican leadership felt a general would make a better choice.

Question 50

Answer the following questions :
U.S.Sanitary Commission

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 51

Answer the following questions :
Woman's Loyal National League

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 52

Who did Abraham Lincoln choose as his running mate in 1864?

A) Ulysses S.Grant
B) Andrew Johnson
C) George McClellan
D) Hannibal Hamlin

Question 53

Of the following,which was a battle rather than a siege?

A) Petersburg
B) Vicksburg
C) Gettysburg
D) Atlanta

Question 54

Why was the Union capture of Atlanta in 1864 historically significant?

A) The news propelled Lincoln to victory in the presidential election two months later.
B) General Lee surrendered his large army,marking the effective end of the war.
C) The victory gave control of the Mississippi River to Union forces.
D) The siege's success allowed Union forces to capture Richmond immediately.

Question 55

Answer the following questions :
"contrabands"

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 56

Approved by Congress in January 1865,the Thirteenth Amendment

A) balanced the power between the North and the South in the Senate.
B) protected citizens through habeas corpus.
C) prohibited slavery throughout the United States.
D) granted citizenship to slaves freed by the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 57

Answer the following questions :
King Cotton

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 58

Which of the following describes the South after the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865?

A) Many of the South's factories,railroads,and cities lay in ruins.
B) Many slaves had fled,but slavery still remained as an institution.
C) The South remained largely unaffected by the battles that had taken place.
D) The South lost only 26,000 soldiers in the war,compared to the 300,000 lost by the North.

Question 59

Answer the following questions :
greenbacks

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 60

Approximately how many people died in the Civil War?

A) 500,000
B) 600,000
C) 700,000
D) 800,000

Question 61

Antislavery Republican politicians and thousands of contrabands played a role in President Lincoln's decision to declare and sign the Emancipation Proclamation.What role did each of them play?

Question 62

Which government-the Union or the Confederacy-imposed greater military and economic burdens on its citizens? How successful was that strategy?

Question 63

How might the war have been different if Kentucky,Maryland,and Missouri had seceded?

Question 64

Answer the following questions :
habeas corpus

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 65

Answer the following questions :
draft riots

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 66

What was the effect of emancipation on the politics and military affairs of the North?

Question 67

Answer the following questions :
hard war

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 68

Answer the following questions :
War and Peace Democrats

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
Lieber Code

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 70

What were the main economic policies the Republican-controlled Congress enacted during the war years?

Question 71

Answer the following questions :
draft (conscription)

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 72

In September 1862,President Lincoln announced his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation and issued the final proclamation on January 1,1863.What did the Emancipation Proclamation specifically declare? How could issuing it be characterized as a politically astute move on Lincoln's part?

Question 73

Why were the battles at Gettysburg and Vicksburg significant? How did they change the tide of war strategically? Diplomatically? Psychologically?

Question 74

Despite vast discrepancies in men,material,and industrial power,thirteen Southern states seceded in 1860-1861 and brought on civil war.What specific factors gave policymakers in these states hope for success against the industrializing and more populous North?

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
Radical Republicans

A)The Confederate belief during the Civil War that their cotton was so important to the British and French economies that those governments would recognize the South as an independent nation and supply it with loans and arms.
B)A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify their arrest and detention of an individual.During the Civil War,Lincoln suspended this legal writ in order to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities.
C)Slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
D)The members of the Republican Party who were bitterly opposed to slavery and to southern slave owners since the mid-1850s.With the Confiscation Act in 1861,members of this party began to use wartime legislation to destroy slavery.
E)President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation issued on January 1,1863 that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union.While this proclamation did not immediately free a single slave,it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.
F)Paper money issued by the U.S.Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
G)A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863,requiring all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use.The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power;it caused great hardship for poor families.
H)The system for selecting individuals for conscription,or compulsory military service,first implemented during the Civil War.
I)A law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military conscription for every twenty slaves owned by a family.The law showed how dependence on coerced slave labor could be a military disadvantage,and it exacerbated class resentments among non-slaveholding whites who were required to serve in the army.
J)Violent protests against military conscription that occurred in the North,most dramatically in New York City;led by working-class men who could not buy exemption from conscription.
K)Union guidelines for the laws of war,issued in April,1863.The code ruled that soldiers and prisoners must be treated equally without respect to color or race;justified a range of military actions if they were based on "necessity" and would "hasten surrender";and outlawed the use of torture.The code provided a foundation for later international agreements on the laws of war.
L)An organization that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
M)An organization of Unionist women that worked to support the war effort,hoping the Union would reward women's patriotism with voting rights after the war.
N)Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War.One faction vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended,while the other called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.
O)A derogatory word for interracial sexual relationships,coined by Democrats in the 1864 election who claimed that emancipation would allow African American men to gain sexual access to white women and produce mixed-race children.
P)An order by General William T.Sherman,later reversed by policymakers,that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.
Q)The philosophy and tactics used by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman,by which he treated civilians as combatants.

Question 76

Why did the Confederacy-and the Union-decide to go to war in 1861? What were the military goals of each side?

Question 77

What were the strengths and weaknesses of Grant's military strategy and tactics? How was Grant's way of warfare different from traditional military practice?

Question 78

As the war began,politicians and ordinary citizens in both the North and the South were supremely confident of victory.Why did southerners believe they would triumph? Why did the North ultimately win the Civil War?

Question 79

How did the Civil War change white women's lives?

Question 80

Describe Sherman's hard-war strategy.How did he pursue this strategy? With what results?