Deck 8: The Bioarchaeology of People

Question 1

The study of dental morphology,genetic anomalies of the teeth,can help archaeologists determine if two individuals

A)were related
B)could have been cannibals
C)were married to each other
D)are part of the same culture
E)all of the above

Answer 1

were related

Question 2

Archaeologists can usually identify the minimum number of individuals in a multiple burial from

A)the part of the body that is most abundant
B)the number of skulls present
C)the depth of the burial
D)none of these

Answer 2

the part of the body that is most abundant

Question 3

________ grows at a regular measurable rate and a careful study of its microscopic growth lines can help determine how long an individual lived

A)tooth enamel
B)hair
C)fingernails
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Answer 3

tooth enamel

Question 4

When compared to the facial reconstruction of her skull,the artist who crafted Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa's sarcophagus chose to portray her as

A)younger than she was at death
B)with a more girlish mouth than she actually had
C)without fewer chins than she had when she died
D)with a prettier nose than she actually had
E)all of the above

Question 5

Small fragments of bone may be examined for bone microstructure.With increasing age,circular structures called _________ become more frequent

A)otoliths
B)osteons
C)osteoliths
D)fairy rings
E)ephiphyses

Question 6

Although the lower half of Lindow Man's body was missing,his height was calculated based on

A)the pair of trousers found with his body
B)his shoes
C)historical records of his life
D)his cranial circumference
E)the length of his upper arm bone

Question 7

The study of ancient disease is called

A)paleopathology
B)osteopathology
C)dendropathology
D)historiopathology

Question 8

Plaster casts made of the hollows left by now-decayed bodies at this site provide such fine details as facial expression at death

A)Rome
B)Pompeii
C)Athens
D)Monte Albán
E)Lascaux Cave

Question 9

Our clearest glimpse at what people looked like in the past is from

A)written records
B)marks on skulls
C)ethnology
D)DNA analysis
E)preserved bodies

Question 10

Proper analysis of most infectious ancient diseases can only be carried out on

A)affected bones
B)surviving soft tissue
C)surviving hair
D)all of the above

Question 11

Forensic archaeology helps in the recovery and interpretation of

A)murder victims
B)individuals within mass burials
C)neither
D)both a and b

Question 12

The study of human remains from sites is called

A)Zooarchaeology
B)Paleoethnobotany
C)Bioarchaeology
D)Archaeobotany
E)Anthropology

Question 13

Lindow Man is the body of a man that was preserved in a peat bog in

A)Denmark
B)the Alps
C)the high Andes
D)England
E)Nova Scotia

Question 14

Although variable according to population,a number of skeletal attributes can be used for differentiation of the sexes.The best indicator of sex is the

A)shape of the pelvis
B)shape of the mandible
C)shape of the cranial vault
D)shape of the femur and tibia
E)none of the above

Question 15

Most human remains recovered by archaeologists are in the form of

A)mummies
B)bog bodies
C)skeletons or bones
D)impressions of decayed burials
E)hairs that have been preserved

Question 16

How did scientists determine that the body found in Tomb 55 was closely related to King Tutankhamen?

A)X-rays showed that their crania were nearly the same shape and size
B)Blood typing showed that they belonged to the same blood group,which was rare in ancient Egypt
C)Fingerprints taken from both mummies were almost exactly the same
D)all of the above
E)a and b only

Question 17

Recent evidence has shown that our distant ancestors,such as the 1- to 2-million-year-old child's skull found in Taung,South Africa,grew up

A)slower than we do now
B)in exactly the same way that we do now
C)with no parents present
D)faster than we do now
E)in stable farming communities

Question 18

The best indicator of an individual's age at death is based on study of the

A)clavicle
B)innominate bone
C)patella
D)teeth
E)radius

Question 19

Cause of death for skeletal remains can be ascertained

A)frequently;most leading causes of death leave traces on the bones
B)rarely;most causes of death leave no trace on bone
C)in the case of particularly aggressive disease
D)never

Question 20

Through the best efforts of experts,the chances of identifying the right sex of a child based only on skeletal remains are

A)one in a hundred
B)100%
C)50:50
D)one in a thousand
E)75%

Question 21

Preserved bodies,such as Lindow man,provide a wealth of information about an individual.Discuss some of the conclusions archaeologists have drawn about Lindow man's physical appearance,life,and death based on his physical remains.

Question 22

Despite our best efforts,it is nearly impossible to tell if an adult skeleton was male or female.

Question 23

We know now that the mysterious body in Tomb 55 is Tutankhamen's father,Ankhenaten.

Question 24

Diseases that affect bone do so through

A)erosion
B)growths
C)altered structure
D)all of the above

Question 25

Effects on outer surfaces of bone can be divided into those caused by

A)accident or violence
B)disease or congenital deformity
C)violence or congenital deformity
D)a and b

Question 26

How do archaeologists and physical anthropologists determine age based on skeletal remains? What is considered the most reliable ways to determine age?

Question 27

Secondary sexual characteristics include breasts and facial hair.

Question 28

Etruria,where the sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa came from,is in modern Greece.

Question 29

Discuss the various ways that archaeologists are able to determine the sex of human remains.Be sure to include the methods used for skeletal remains and discuss any limitations of these methods.

Question 30

Even though figures in the terracotta army found near Xi'an,China have generic facial features,their variable hairstyles,clothing,etc have provided much information about how people looked.

Question 31

Anthropologist __________ did groundbreaking work that demonstrated the vast majority of claims for cannibalism in the ethnographic or ethnohistorical records were untrustworthy

A)William Arens
B)Ian Hodder
C)Marcel Mauss
D)Eric Wolf

Question 32

Cannibalism in human remains can be determined by

A)the presence of human bones with marks of cutting,smashing,or burning
B)the presence of human bones mixed with animal bones
C)the presence of human teeth marks on human bones
D)a and b only

Question 33

So-called Harris lines,detected by X-rays on bones,indicate

A)malnutrition
B)disease
C)arrested growth development
D)all of the above

Question 34

It is usually impossible to tell more about a skeleton's age at death beyond whether the individual was either young,adult or old.

Question 35

Reconstructions of ancient faces based on information from skulls have achieved a greater degree of accuracy in recent years.

Question 36

Available evidence suggests that Lindow Man did not die naturally,but rather suffered a very violent death.

Question 37

Overall,Lindow Man was not very healthy and he had suffered through hard labor.

Question 38

Small fragments of bones cannot be recognized as human: there are no diagnostic features that differentiate them from other animal bones.