Deck 14: Multicriteria Decisions

Question 1

AHP allows a decision maker to express personal preferences about the various aspects of a multicriteria problem.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In goal programming,deviation variables allow for the possibility of not meeting the target value exactly.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In a goal programming model,there can only be one goal at each priority level.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Goal priorities are referred to as preemptive priorities because the satisfaction of a higher level goal cannot be traded for the satisfaction of a lower level goal.

Question 5

A problem involving only one priority level is not considered a goal programming problem.

Question 6

To solve a goal programming problem with preemptive priorities,successive linear programming programs,with an adjustment to the objective function and an additional constraint,must be solved.

Question 7

If a problem has multiple goals at different priority levels,then it is rare that all the goals will be achieved with existing resources.

Question 8

A decision with more than one objective

A)cannot have an optimal solution.
B)requires the decision maker to place the objectives in some order of importance.
C)depends on the probability of satisfying each objective.
D)should be decomposed into a separate model for each objective.

Question 9

The priority matrix shows the priority for each item on each criterion.

Question 10

An item's priority reveals how it compares to its competitors on a specific criterion.

Question 11

The objective function in a goal programming model calls for minimizing a function of the

A)goal variables.
B)target variables.
C)deviation variables.
D)preemptive variables.

Question 12

Requiring a decision maker to provide judgments about the relative importance of each criterion and then specifying a preference for each decision alternative using each criterion is the purpose of the analytic hierarchy process.

Question 13

One limitation of a scoring model is that it uses arbitrary weights that do not necessarily reflect the preferences of the individual decision maker.

Question 14

For a scoring model,the decision maker evaluates each decision alternative by considering the weight or importance of each criterion.

Question 15

Preemptive priorities in goal programming

A)show the target values for the problem.
B)prevent sacrifice of a priority level goal to satisfy a lower level one.
C)force the problem to be a standard linear program.
D)limit deviations to d− only.

Question 16

A consistency ratio greater than 0.10 indicates inconsistency in the pairwise comparisons.

Question 17

Target values will never be met precisely in a goal programming problem.

Question 18

Objectives in multicriteria problems seldom conflict.

Question 19

The goal programming approach can be used when an analyst is confronted with an infeasible solution to an ordinary linear program.

Question 20

Goal equations consist of a function that defines goal achievement and deviation variables that measure the distance from the target.

Question 21

Rosie's Ribs is in need of an office management software package.After considerable research,Rosie has narrowed her choice to one of three packages: N-able,VersaSuite,and SoftTrack.She has determined her decision-making criteria,assigned a weight to each criterion,and rated how well each alternative satisfies each criterion. ​
Using a scoring model,determine the recommended software package for Rosie's.

Question 22

A computer company looking for a new location for a plant has determined three criteria to use to rate cities.Pairwise comparisons are given. ​
Determine priorities for the three relative to the overall location goal.​

Question 23

A required step in the analytic hierarchy process is to determine

A)the goals to be satisfied.
B)the expected value of the criteria.
C)the relative importance of the criteria themselves.
D)how many hierarchies to use.

Question 24

An ATM is to be located in a campus union building so that it minimizes the distance from the food court,the gift shop,and the theater.They are located at coordinates (2,2),(0,6),and (8,0).Develop a goal programming model to locate the best place for the ATM.

Question 25

When using a linear programming approach to solving a goal programming problem,a linear program must be solved for each

A)goal.
B)pair of deviation variables.
C)priority level.
D)pairwise comparison.

Question 26

Computing the consistency ratio for a criterion's pairwise comparison matrix is the next step after

A)developing the criterion's pairwise comparison matrix.
B)converting the criterion's pairwise comparison matrix to a normalized matrix.
C)developing the criterion's priority vector.
D)developing the overall priority vector.

Question 27

Deviation variables that occur in the objective function

A)indicate the targets.
B)indicate the priorities.
C)allow for the possibility of not meeting the target value exactly.
D)identify the difference between all actual and target values.

Question 28

Pairwise comparisons are used to

A)compare criteria in terms of the overall goal.
B)compare choices on each criterion.
C)compare criteria in terms of the overall goal and compare choices on each criterion.
D)None of these are correct.

Question 29

The constraint 5x₁ + 3x₂ ≤ 150 is modified to become a goal equation,and priority one is to avoid overutilization.Which of the following is appropriate?

A)Min P₁d₁− ; 5x₁ + 3x₂ + d₁− − d₁⁺ = 150
B)Min P₁d₁⁺ ; 5x₁ + 3x₂ + d₁− − d₁⁺ = 150
C)Min P₁d₁⁺ ; 5x₁ + 3x₂ + d₁⁺ = 150
D)Min P₁d₁⁺ ; 5x₁ + 3x₂ − d₁⁺ = 150

Question 30

Lofton Company has developed the following linear programming problem: ​
Lofton finds this problem is infeasible.In revision,Lofton drops the original objective and establishes three goals. ​
Give the goal programming model and solve it graphically.​

Question 31

In an AHP problem,the priorities for three criteria are as follows: ​
The priority matrix is as follows ​
Compute the overall priority for each choice.

Question 32

The steps of the scoring model include all of the following EXCEPT

A)list the decision-making criteria and assign a weight to each.
B)develop a pairwise comparison matrix for each criterion.
C)rate how well each decision alternative satisfies each criterion.
D)compute the total score for each decision alternative.

Question 33

Solve the following problem graphically:

Question 34

Inconsistency in pairwise judgments is indicated by a consistency ratio that is

A)less than 0.
B)greater than 0.10.
C)greater than 0.50.
D)greater than 1.00.

Question 35

Goal programming with preemptive priorities never permits trade-offs between

A)goals with the same priority level and the same weights.
B)goals with different priority levels.
C)goals with the same priority level and different weights.
D)any goals.

Question 36

A consumer group is using AHP to compare four used car models.Part of the pairwise comparison matrix for "repair frequency" is shown below.
a.Complete the matrix.
b.Does it seem to be consistent?
​

Question 37

The goal programming problem with the objective function Min P₁(d₁⁺)+ P₂(d₂−)is initially solved by the computer and the objective function value is 0.Which of the following constraints should be added for the second problem?

A)d₁⁺ = 0
B)d₁⁺ + d₂− = 0
C)−d₁⁺ + d₂− = 0
D)d₁⁺ ≤ 0

Question 38

As treasurer of the school PTA,you chair the committee that decides how the $20,000 raised by candy sales will be spent.Four kinds of projects have been proposed,and facts on each are shown below. ​
Develop a goal programming model that would represent these goals and priorities. ​

Question 39

The variable d− measures the amount

A)over the target and is similar to a slack.
B)less than the target and is similar to a slack.
C)less than the target and is similar to a surplus.
D)under the target and is similar to a surplus.

Question 40

The overall priorities for decision alternatives

A)are the sum of the products of the criterion priority times the priority of the decision alternative with respect to that criterion.
B)sum to 1.
C)indicate what choice is preferred,but do not force that choice to be made.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 41

John Harris is interested in purchasing a new Harley-Davidson motorcycle.He has narrowed his choice to one of three models: Sportster Classic,Heritage Softtail,and Electra Glide.After much consideration,John has determined his decision-making criteria,assigned a weight to each criterion,and rated how well each decision alternative satisfies each criterion. Using a scoring model,determine the recommended motorcycle model for John.

Question 42

Like many high school seniors,Anne has several universities to consider when making her final college choice.To assist in her decision,she has decided to use AHP to develop a ranking for school R,school P,and school M.The schools will be evaluated on five criteria,and Anne's pairwise comparison matrix for the criteria is shown below. ​
The universities' pairwise comparisons on the criteria are shown below. ​
a.What is the overall ranking of the five criteria?
b.What is the overall ranking of the three universities?