Deck 25: Immobility and Associated Problems

Question 1

Prolonged immobility may predispose to ___________ in the kidneys.

A) urinary stasis
B) renal calculi
C) infection
D) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Inactive muscle quickly loses strength as it becomes _____________.

A) less elastic.
B) atrophied.
C) contracted.
D) spastic.

Answer 2

atrophied.

Question 3

What do prolonged periods of immobility frequently lead to?
1) Orthostatic hypotension
2) Increased blood pressure and increased heart rate
3) Increased risk of both thrombi and emboli
4) Rapid, deep respirations

A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3
C) 2, 4
D) 3, 4

Answer 3

1, 3

Question 4

Which of the following is likely to develop when a leg is immobilized in a cast?

A) Contracture
B) Muscle hypertrophy
C) Muscle atrophy
D) Increased osteoblastic activity

Question 5

Virchow's triad refers to:

A) an anatomical structure in the kidneys.
B) a combination of factors affecting potential thrombus formation.
C) factors that predispose an individual toward urinary tract infections.
D) psychological factors leading to stress associated with immobility.

Question 6

Atelectasis may occur with a prolonged period of bed rest because of:

A) reduced removal of pulmonary secretions.
B) increased expansion of the lower lobes of the lungs.
C) increased risk of aspiration in a sitting position.
D) loss of cough reflex.

Question 7

What is a major factor predisposing to pulmonary infection in immobilized patients?

A) Decreased activity and demand for oxygen
B) Increased retention of CO₂
C) Inability to sneeze forcefully
D) Stasis of secretions in the lungs

Question 8

Lack of weight-bearing and skeletal muscle activity for a prolonged period leads to:

A) bone demineralization.
B) lengthening of tendons and ligaments.
C) decreased skeletal muscle mass.
D) A and C

Question 9

Which of the following is/are common effect(s) of prolonged immobility in children?

A) Delayed linear growth
B) Contractures and deformities involving the hips, spine, legs, and feet
C) Skeletal muscle weakness
D) A, B, and C

Question 10

The major problem associated with immobility and the gastrointestinal tract is:

A) constipation.
B) diarrhea.
C) nausea.
D) increased rate of peristalsis.

Question 11

Which of the following applies/apply to orthostatic hypotension associated with prolonged immobility?

A) Sudden changes in body position from supine to upright may cause low blood pressure.
B) Venous return and cardiac output are decreased with immobility.
C) All cardiovascular reflexes are lost with prolonged immobility.
D) A and B

Question 12

Which of the following frequently causes decubitus ulcers?

A) Infection by resident flora
B) Ischemia at pressure points
C) Normal degenerative changes
D) Allergic reaction to adhesive tape or dressings

Question 13

Bladder infections are more likely to develop in immobilized patients because of:

A) stasis of urine in the urinary system.
B) development of hypocalcemia with immobility.
C) fluid overload in the system.
D) lack of neurological control of the bladder.

Question 14

Immobility may lead to dehydration primarily as a result of:

A) changes in hormonal secretions due to increased blood in the thorax.
B) destruction of the kidneys as a result of ischemia and necrosis.
C) blockage of the ureters, causing retention of urine.
D) toxins being produced by infectious microorganisms.

Question 15

Paralysis of the lower part of the body is called:

A) hemiplegia.
B) paraplegia.
C) quadriplegia.
D) None of the above