Deck 8: Motivation: Core Concepts

Question 1

Which of the following is the need protection from physical harm?

A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) safety

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is defined as "what a person does, how hard a person works, and how long a person works"?

A) inspiration
B) hard work
C) motivation
D) perseverance

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is direction in the motivation process?

A) what a person does
B) how hard a person works
C) how long a person works
D) how smart a person works

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A meta-analysis found that grit is strongly correlated with ______.

A) performance
B) retention
C) sustainability
D) conscientiousness

Question 5

Which of the following is one of the levels of needs on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) drive
B) mental
C) grit
D) esteem

Question 6

Xavier knows that motivation is important in the workplace. As a manager, he should also know that he should provide ______ in order for the processes of energizing and directing behavior to stay on track.

A) a stress-free environment
B) healthy meals
C) regular breaks
D) feedback

Question 7

According to McClelland's need theory, the need for affiliation is ______.

A) the need to influence others to do what you want
B) the need for close personal relationships
C) the drive to succeed at high levels
D) the need for consistent feedback

Question 8

Kyrie is a security guard and he does not feel safe from dangers in his work environment. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need will most motivate his behavior at work?

A) physiological
B) safety
C) esteem
D) self-actualization

Question 9

Which of the following is the need for status and recognition from others?

A) self-actualization
B) physiological
C) esteem
D) safety

Question 10

Which of the following is the drive to meet our fullest capacity (e.g., growth and feeling fulfilled as a person)?

A) physiological
B) self-actualization
C) esteem
D) safety

Question 11

Which of the following are included in McClelland's need theory?

A) need for fulfillment
B) need for safety
C) need for affiliation
D) need for feedback

Question 12

The word motivation comes from the Latin word for ______.

A) hard work
B) energy
C) movement
D) intelligence

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the three parts of the motivation process?

A) Direction
B) Ambition
C) Intensity
D) Persistence

Question 14

Which of the following is the need for food, sex, and other bodily needs?

A) safety
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) self-actualization

Question 15

What has been defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals?

A) motivation
B) stick-to-it-iveness
C) sustainability
D) grit

Question 16

Early need theories of motivation address which part of the motivation process?

A) energizing behavior
B) feedback
C) sustaining behavior
D) directing behavior

Question 17

Which of the following is included in lower order needs according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) social

Question 18

Which of the following is intensity in the motivation process?

A) what a person does
B) how hard a person works
C) how long a person works
D) how smart a person works

Question 19

Which of the following is persistence in the motivation process?

A) what a person does
B) how hard a person works
C) how long a person works
D) how smart a person works

Question 20

According to McClelland's need theory, the need for achievement is ______.

A) the need to influence others to do what you want
B) the need for close personal relationships
C) the drive to succeed at high levels
D) the need for consistent feedback

Question 21

The two-factor theory relates lower- and higher order needs to ______ attitudes.

A) employee engagement
B) perceived organizational support
C) organizational commitment
D) job satisfaction

Question 22

Which of the following is an element of SMART goals?

A) stellar
B) timeless
C) ambiguous
D) measurable

Question 23

Which of the following is linked to what people think about at work that dissatisfies them (e.g., supervision, pay, company policies, and the working conditions)?

A) need for power
B) safety
C) hygienes
D) motivators

Question 24

What is another term for the two-factor need theory?

A) hierarchy of needs
B) motivator-hygiene theory
C) McClelland's need theory
D) goal-setting

Question 25

The role of leaders in the goal setting process is important for ______.

A) aligning the goals set for the employee with the organization's goals
B) job satisfaction
C) accountability for results
D) micromanaging goal attainment

Question 26

Which of the following is linked to what people think about at work that satisfies them (e.g., advancement, recognition, and achievement)?

A) need for power
B) physiological
C) hygienes
D) motivators

Question 27

Sinclair is driven most by the need to influence others to do what she wants. She is likely high in which of the following needs?

A) need for affiliation
B) ned for power
C) need for achievement
D) need for safety

Question 28

Edgar needs his goals for his department to be time-based. According to the text, he should ask ______.

A) when do we need to attain this goal?
B) are there larger goals I can set?
C) how much will this cost?
D) how accurately can we reach the goal?

Question 29

Most of McClelland's research was on the need for ___________.

A) power
B) affiliation
C) reputation
D) achievement

Question 30

According to research, which of the following are true of the need for achievement?

A) People who have a lower need to achieve perform better at higher levels.
B) People who have a lower need to achieve may be more successful entrepreneurs.
C) People who have a higher need to achieve are more effective leaders.
D) People who have a higher need to achieve likely develop this need at a young age.

Question 31

According to McClelland's need theory, the need for power is ______.

A) the need to influence others to do what you want
B) the need for close personal relationships
C) the drive to succeed at high levels
D) the need for consistent feedback

Question 32

Stephen wants to ensure that his goals for his department are relevant. According to the text, he should ask ______.

A) who else is doing this?
B) when will it be completed?
C) how does this fit in with the broader mission of the organization?
D) how will we accomplish this?

Question 33

Hector is interested in using goals in order to motivate his employees. He should remember the following in order to effectively utilize goals: ______.

A) Goals are best set by the leader, regardless of the relevance of the goal to the individual employee.
B) The degree to which a person is committed to a goal influences their willingness to persist and attain it.
C) Easy goals are more motivating than challenging goals.
D) Nonspecific goals such as "do your best" are more effective than specific goals.

Question 34

Antwon wants to ensure that his goals for his department are measurable. According to the text, he should ask ______.

A) how little do we need?
B) how will we accomplish this?
C) how many?
D) how will management view this?

Question 35

Molly notices her employees seem less motivated lately, so she turned to OB research for guidance. She learned about Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation. Which of the following factors should she focus on in order to best motivate her followers?

A) pay
B) working conditions
C) sense of achievement
D) company policies

Question 36

The book details a case about Microsoft and their efforts to increase goal commitment. An expectation of leaders at Microsoft to enhance follower commitment to goals includes ______.

A) discuss and document the commitments of all employees
B) once goals are set, do not revise or revisit them over time
C) agree to discuss metrics when finished
D) requiring commitments are in writing

Question 37

Lucretia wants to ensure that her goals for her department are attainable. According to the text, she should ask ______.

A) Is this goal logical?
B) How much?
C) Is this goal worthwhile?
D) Have I attained something similar in the past?

Question 38

Sheila wants to ensure that her goals for her department are specific. According to the text, she should ask ______.

A) how will we complete this?
B) where will this need to occur?
C) how should I start?
D) who is the scapegoat?

Question 39

Which of the following is a performance appraisal program where leaders meet with their direct reports and set specific performance objectives jointly?

A) self-guided goal setting
B) forced-ranking performance appraisal
C) management by objectives
D) management by walking around

Question 40

Barbara is driven most by the need for close personal relationships. She is likely high in which of the following needs?

A) Need for affiliation
B) Need for power
C) Need for achievement
D) Self-actualization

Question 41

Which of the following dimension of job characteristics theory leads to knowledge of the actual results of the work activities?

A) task significance
B) feedback
C) autonomy
D) task identity

Question 42

Which of the following dimensions of job characteristics theory increases a person's responsibility for the work they perform?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy

Question 43

Edwin understands that feedback is important for the goal-setting process to be effective. He likely believes ______.

A) goal feedback should only come from the direct supervisor
B) employees who receive feedback on their progress achieve higher levels of performance than those who don't receive feedback
C) feedback on goals rarely guides performance
D) employees prefer feedback comes from an outside source

Question 44

Which of the following is a benefit of understanding the job characteristics theory?

A) Jobs can be designed so that people are more motivated.
B) Jobs can be designed so that people are more frustrated.
C) Jobs can be designed so that people work more steadily.
D) Jobs can be designed so that people are more creative.

Question 45

Which of the following dimensions of job characteristics theory is the degree to which the job is seen as having an impact on others?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy

Question 46

Which of the following dimensions of job characteristics theory is that the task is one that people experience from beginning to end?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy

Question 47

Which of the following is a criticism of goal setting?

A) Goal setting enhances flexibility of employees to adapt to changing situations.
B) Goal setting is largely unsupported by research evidence.
C) Goal setting may undermine creativity.
D) The limitations of goal setting outweigh the benefits.

Question 48

Which of the following dimensions of job characteristics theory is that the job provides information on how effective the employee's work is?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) feedback

Question 49

Which of the following is one of the core job dimensions of job characteristics theory?

A) skill variety
B) task difficulty
C) grit
D) MBO

Question 50

Which of the following dimensions of job characteristics theory is the extent to which people use different skills and abilities at work?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy

Question 51

Job rotation is likely to increase which core job characteristic?

A) skill identity
B) task identity
C) autonomy
D) task expansion

Question 52

Which of the following component of job characteristics theory produces a sense of meaningfulness of the work?

A) skill identity
B) task variety
C) feedback
D) task significance

Question 53

Manny has studied the job characteristics theory in his organizational behavior class. He understands that the states experienced from the nature of the work performed can translate into ______.

A) higher turnover
B) higher work motivation
C) higher turnover intentions
D) higher grit

Question 54

Kareem has allowed his employees to be cross-trained in other areas and allowed them to do different jobs. He has done which of the following?

A) job rotation
B)job enrichment
C) horizontal loading
D) vertical loading

Question 55

Karen has redesigned the jobs of her employees so that they are more challenging to the employee and have less repetitive work. Karen has done which of the following?

A) job rotation
B) job enrichment
C) horizontal loading
D) vertical loading

Question 56

Which of the following dimensions of job characteristics theory is that the employee has the freedom to plan and perform his or her own work?

A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) task significance
D) autonomy

Question 57

Which of the following occurs when one loads jobs with more of the core characteristics that have been shown to motivate employees?

A) horizontal loading
B) job enrichment
C) work redesign
D) feng shui

Question 58

Which of the following refers to a person's need to learn new things, grow, and develop from working?

A) goal setting
B) motivators
C) hygiene factors
D) growth needs strength

Question 59

The type of job loading in which one adds more decision-making responsibility is known as ______.

A) rotation
B) enrichment
C) vertical
D) horizontal

Question 60

______ job loading is when one adds different tasks at the same level of work.

A) Rotation
B) Enrichment
C) Vertical
D) Horizontal

Question 61

______ refers to the extent to which individuals can demonstrate initiative in designing their own work.

A) Job enrichment
B) Job crafting
C) Job rotation
D) Organizational justice

Question 62

Which is a form of job crafting?

A) changing the employee's job description
B) changing the quantity of output
C) changing reporting structures within the organization
D) changing cognitive task boundaries

Question 63

Leaders in organizations can communicate high expectations to followers by ______.

A) provide more autonomy
B) treat followers equally
C) providing lectures of the day's expectations
D) creating a warmer emotional climate

Question 64

______ is the overall perception of what is fair in an organization.

A) Organizational commitment
B) Perceived organizational support
C) Expectancy theory
D) Organizational justice

Question 65

When an individual sets high expectations for themselves and then performs to these expectations it is called ______.

A) the Pygmalion effect
B) the Galatea effect
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy
D) grit

Question 66

The value of goals or outcomes is called ______.

A) expectancy
B) valence
C) self-efficacy
D) instrumentality

Question 67

Nicole is creating natural work units by putting tasks together to create a more challenging and complex work environment for her employees. Nicole is ______.

A) using vertical loading
B) rotating jobs
C) encouraging autonomy
D) combining tasks

Question 68

The Galatea effect is based on a person's sense of ______.

A) self-esteem
B) self-efficacy
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) grit

Question 69

Which of the following forms of organizational justice is the perception of how fair the process was in making decisions that affect employees?

A) procedural justice
B) interpersonal justice
C) distributive justice
D) informational justice

Question 70

Bernard is a back room accountant who never meets the clients who benefit from his work. By introducing him to these clients, he may perceive his impact on them and feel affectively committed to them, thereby enabling him to maintain his motivation. This is an example of ______.

A) horizontal loading
B) job enrichment
C) establishing client relationships
D) job rotation

Question 71

Sylvia puts forth a great deal of effort in her job and believes that it will lead to good performance. This is referred to as which element of expectancy theory?

A) instrumentality
B) valence
C) expectancy
D) self-efficacy

Question 72

Research has supported the job characteristics model by demonstrating that job enrichment ______.

A) reduces organizational commitment
B) reduces turnover
C) decreases employee motivation
D) decreases employee satisfaction

Question 73

Which of the following is a theory that looks at how people compare their inputs to their outcomes?

A) expectancy theory
B) equity theory
C) needs theory
D) goal setting theory

Question 74

According to the Pygmalion effect, managers can boost performance by ______.

A) raising expectations
B) raising pay
C) raising equity
D) raising satisfaction

Question 75

Which of the following forms of organizational justice refers to the perceived fairness of the communications made by leaders during a process?

A) procedural justice
B) interpersonal justice
C) distributive justice
D) informational justice

Question 76

______ occurs when lower expectations lead to lower performance.

A) Pygmalion effect
B) Galatea effect
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) Golem effect

Question 77

Which of the following forms of organizational justice is the perceived fairness of how rewards are allocated?

A) procedural justice
B) interpersonal justice
C) distributive justice
D) informational justice

Question 78

Which of the following is the desire to have a positive impact on other people or groups?

A) conscientiousness
B) feedback
C) autonomy
D) prosocial motivation

Question 79

Which of the following forms of organizational justice refers to how employees are treated by their leaders (e.g., level of respect and propriety)?

A) procedural justice
B) interpersonal justice
C) distributive justice
D) informational justice

Question 80

In expectancy theory, the perception that an employee's performance will be appraised accurately and will lead to rewards (e.g., pay raises, bonuses, etc.) is referred to as ______.

A) instrumentality
B) expectancy
C) valence
D) equity