Deck 13: Diversity and Cross-Cultural Adjustments

Question 1

The definition of culture includes ______.

A) it is shared by roughly half of the group
B) older members create and archive the culture
C) it shapes behavior or structures one's perception of the world
D) it is shared by 100% of the group

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is an element of deep-level diversity?

A) race
B) attitudes
C) sex
D) age

Answer 2

B

Question 3

With regard to diversity in the workplace, one of a leader's top goals should be to ______.

A) enforce organizational policies rigidly
B) integrate individuals with organizational culture
C) treat everyone exactly the same
D) remember human beings are generally indifferent to belonging

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is an element of deep-level diversity?

A) sex
B) beliefs
C) age
D) race

Question 5

The generation of employees called ______ were born between 1946 and 1964 and have career progression as a career goal.

A) millennials
B) boomers
C) Gen Xers
D) traditionalists

Question 6

The generation of employees called ______ were born between 1965 and 1980 and are sometimes referred to as "baby busters" or "latchkey kids."

A) boomers
B) traditionalists
C) Gen Xers
D) millennials

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the individual attributes related to diversity in the workplace?

A) gender
B) emotions
C) race
D) sexual orientation

Question 8

Research evidence supports the argument that diversity increases ______.

A) satisfaction
B) performance
C) stress
D) happiness

Question 9

Being able to effectively engage diverse employees is now ______.

A) the role of a good manager
B) an hr issue
C) a necessary leadership skill
D) not as important as in the past

Question 10

The generation of employees called ______ were born between 1900 and 1945 and are retiring or out of the work force already.

A) traditionalists
B) millennials
C) boomers
D) Gen Xers

Question 11

People in the generation of employees called ______ were born between 1981 and 1999 and look for flexibility and choice in their careers.

A) Gen Xers
B) boomers
C) traditionalists
D) millennials

Question 12

Despite years of cynicism, the ______ generation are "pro-business."

A) boomer
B) Gen Z
C) millennial
D) Gen Xer

Question 13

Brennan wants to build parallel careers and believes work is not everything. He is likely a member of which generation?

A) boomer
B) traditionalist
C) illennial
D) Gen Xer

Question 14

Pete wants to build a legacy and wants security and fair rewards. He is likely a member of which generation?

A) boomer
B) traditionalist
C) millennial
D) Gen Xer

Question 15

Michaela wants to create a shared culture that all followers can embrace regardless of gender, race or ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, and/or disability status. Which of the following statements should she be cognizant of?

A) She should balance needs of organization and employees.
B) She should focus solely on the needs of the organization.
C) She should focus solely on her needs.
D) She should focus solely on the needs of her employees.

Question 16

Differences between individuals at work on any attribute that may evoke the perception that the other person is different from the self is known as ______.

A) emotions
B) race
C) sexual orientation
D) diversity

Question 17

The demographic attributes we typically think of when we think of "diversity" are called ______.

A) deep-level diversity
B) diversity
C) surface-level diversity
D) ethnicity

Question 18

Differences among members' attitudes, beliefs, and values are known as ______.

A) deep-level diversity
B) diversity
C) surface-level diversity
D) ethnicity

Question 19

Which of the following is an element of surface-level diversity?

A) values
B) beliefs
C) attitudes
D) race

Question 20

Which generational group tends to use slang and expressions that may seem strange to other generations, which tends to distance them from other groups?

A) boomer
B) Gen Z
C) millennial
D) Gen Xer

Question 21

Which of the following rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when perceiving and communicating with others?

A) low-context cultures
B) high-context cultures
C) low-impact cultures
D) high-impact cultures

Question 22

Which of the following are true of the GLOBE project?

A) involved 170 social scientists and scholars the United States
B) collected, analyzed, and interpreted data from both employees and managers
C) unrelated to Hofstede's cultural value framework
D) reviewed the relationship of government to organizational processes

Question 23

Which of the following dimensions of Hofstede's cultural values is a focus on people over material things?

A) relationship orientation
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) collectivism-individualism

Question 24

Which of the following dimensions of Hofstede's cultural values is a focus on the future rather than the past and present?

A) relationship orientation
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) confucian dynamism
D) collectivism-individualism

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a high-context culture?

A) German-speaking countries
B) Scandinavian countries
C) North America
D) Japan

Question 26

Using the iceberg metaphor for culture, which of the following is the tip of the iceberg?

A) cold level
B) unobservable level
C) observable level
D) titanic level

Question 27

Which of the following dimensions of Hofstede's cultural values is group orientation?

A) relationship orientation
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) collectivism-individualism

Question 28

All five of the Hofstede's cultural values were significantly and positively related to which of the following?

A) performance
B) organizational commitment
C) low turnover
D) low absenteeism

Question 29

Using the iceberg metaphor for culture, which of the following is the part of the iceberg below the surface (e.g., how people define morality and what they value)?

A) observable level
B) underwater level
C) unobservable level
D) lower level

Question 30

Which of the following is one of Hofstede's dimensions of national culture?

A) emotions and moods
B) language and customs
C) collectivism-individualism
D) diversity

Question 31

Another way to conceptualize relationship orientation is ______.

A) collectivism-individualism
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) masculinity-femininity

Question 32

Which of the following dimensions of Hofstede's cultural values is risk aversion?

A) relationship orientation
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) collectivism-individualism

Question 33

Which of the following is a large-scale research program that sought to understand differences in leader behaviors and relationships with relevant organizational outcomes worldwide?

A) EARTH
B) NIMBY
C) BATNA
D) GLOBE

Question 34

Which of the following can be defined as "the collective mental programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another … the interactive aggregate of common characteristics that influence a human group's response to its environment"?

A) culture
B) diversity
C) sociology
D) anthropology

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of a low-context culture?

A) Japan
B) Arab countries
C) Germany
D) Greece

Question 36

Which of the following refers to the unstated standard operating procedures or ways of doing things?

A) climate
B) diversity
C) culture
D) anthropology

Question 37

Which of the following dimensions of Hofstede's cultural values is defined as deference to authority?

A) relationship orientation
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) collectivism-individualism

Question 38

Stelvia is travelling to another country and notices the dress, language, and customs of the foreign country. These things are in which level of the country's culture?

A) observable level
B) unobservable level
C) noticeable level
D) apparent level

Question 39

In which of the following do written and spoken words carry the burden of shared meaning?

A) low-impact cultures
B) high-context cultures
C) low-context cultures
D) high-impact cultures

Question 40

Victor is travelling to another country and notices that people define morality differently and that they value things differently than in his home country. These things are in which level of the country's culture?

A) observable level
B) unobservable level
C) value level
D) ethical level

Question 41

Which of the following is one of the nine GLOBE cultural dimensions?

A) humane orientation
B) past orientation
C) power distance
D) gender neutrality

Question 42

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"People are generally (should be generally) very tolerant of mistakes"?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 43

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 44

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"Followers are (should be) expected to obey their leaders without question"?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 45

Which of the following is one of the leadership behaviors perceived as effective across cultures as identified by the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory?

A) transactional
B) self-oriented
C) participative
D) transformational

Question 46

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"Leaders encourage (should encourage) group loyalty even if individual goals suffer"?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 47

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 48

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"Students are encouraged (should be encouraged) to strive for continuously improved performance"?

A) future orientation
B) performance orientation
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 49

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on societal norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 50

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the degree to which individuals are dominant and demanding in their relationships with others?

A) future orientation
B) gender egalitarianism
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 51

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 52

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"People are (should be) generally dominant"?

A) future orientation
B) gender egalitarianism
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 53

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"Aging parents generally live (should live) at home with their children"?

A) future orientation
B) gender egalitarianism
C)assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 54

Which of the following identifies leadership behaviors perceived as effective across cultures?

A) GLOBE
B) Hofstede's dimensions of culture
C) Culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory
D) Cultural tightness

Question 55

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families?

A) future orientation
B) gender egalitarianism
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 56

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"Most people lead (should lead) highly structured lives with few unexpected events"?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) humane orientation
D) institutional collectivism

Question 57

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the extent to which a collective encourages forward-looking behaviors such as delaying gratification, planning, and investing in the future?

A) future orientation
B) gender egalitarianism
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 58

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"Boys are encouraged (should be encouraged) more than girls to attain a higher education" (scored inversely)?

A) future orientation
B) gender egalitarianism
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 59

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is defined as--the degree to which a collective encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence?

A) future orientation
B) performance orientation
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 60

Which of the following GLOBE cultural dimensions is related to the questionnaire item--"More people live (should live) for the present than for the future" (scored inversely)?

A) future orientation
B) gender egalitarianism
C) assertiveness
D) in-group collectivism

Question 61

Which of the following leadership behaviors identified by the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory is defined as--ensuring safety and security of individuals, including face-saving?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) participative
C) self-protective
D) autonomous

Question 62

Which of the following describes Phase 2 of the emergence of a third culture?

A) Initial contact may result in the person withdrawing from the other person (or culture).
B) The parties evaluate the need for continued interaction.
C) Norms for interaction have evolved to the point where they feel "natural" to both parties.
D) Interdependence results in more nuanced development and maintenance of a third culture.

Question 63

A set of individual attributes that enhance a manager's ability to influence others who are different from them is known as ______.

A) global mind-set
B) creative intelligence
C) cultural intelligence
D) global intelligence

Question 64

Which of the following describes Phase 1 of the emergence of a third culture?

A) Initial contact may result in the person withdrawing from the other person (or culture).
B) The parties evaluate the need for continued interaction.
C) Norms for interaction have evolved to the point where they feel "natural" to both parties.
D) Interdependence results in more nuanced development and maintenance of a third culture.

Question 65

Which of the following leadership behaviors identified by the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory is defined as--independent and individualistic leadership?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) participative
C) self-protective
D) autonomous

Question 66

Which of the following is an individual's capability to function and manage effectively in culturally diverse settings?

A) emotional intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) cultural intelligence
D) global intelligence

Question 67

Which of the following is one of the three facets of training for cultural intelligence?

A) cognitive (and metacognitive)
B) conversational
C) inspirational
D) retooling

Question 68

Which of the following describes Phase 4 of the emergence of a third culture?

A) Initial contact may result in the person withdrawing from the other person (or culture).
B) The parties evaluate the need for continued interaction.
C) Norms for interaction have evolved to the point where they feel "natural" to both parties.
D) Interdependence results in more nuanced development and maintenance of a third culture.

Question 69

Hector has read about the GLOBE studies in his Organizational Behavior class. He wants to provide a list of cultural "universals," or things that transcend all cultures to his employees. One thing he should list is ______.

A) having integrity
B) being autocratic
C) being dictatorial
D) encouraging autonomy

Question 70

Alicia possesses individual attributes that enhance her ability to influence others who are different from her. Alicia has ______.

A) cultural tightness
B) a global mindset
C) a third culture
D) cultural retooling

Question 71

Which of the following describes Phase 3 of the emergence of a third culture?

A) Initial contact may result in the person withdrawing from the other person (or culture).
B) The parties evaluate the need for continued interaction.
C) Norms for interaction have evolved to the point where they feel "natural" to both parties.
D) Interdependence results in more nuanced development and maintenance of a third culture.

Question 72

Which of the following is defined as--the strength of social norms and the levels of sanctioning within societies?

A) cultural retooling
B) cultural strength
C) cultural tightness-looseness
D) culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory

Question 73

Which of the following is associated with social disorganization, deviance, innovation, and openness to change?

A) cultural strength
B) cultural elasticity
C) cultural looseness
D) cultural tightness

Question 74

Which of the following is the construction of a mutually beneficial interactive environment in which individuals from two different cultures can function in a way beneficial to all involved?

A) cultural intelligence
B) cultural retooling
C) cultural looseness
D) third culture

Question 75

Which of the following is associated with order and efficiency, conformity, and low rates of change?

A) cultural strength
B) cultural elasticity
C) cultural looseness
D) cultural tightness

Question 76

Which of the following is defined as--the psychological process of adaptation to another culture?

A) cultural intelligence
B) cultural retooling
C) cultural looseness
D) third culture

Question 77

Which of the following leadership behaviors identified by the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory is defined as--effective team building and implementing a common goal?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) humane-oriented

Question 78

Which of the following leadership behaviors identified by the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory is defined as--the ability to inspire and motive others to high performance?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) humane-oriented

Question 79

Which of the following leadership behaviors identified by the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory is defined as--being supportive and showing consideration, compassion, and generosity?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) humane-oriented

Question 80

Which of the following leadership behaviors identified by the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory is defined as--involving others in decision and implementations?

A) charismatic/value-based
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) humane-oriented