Deck 12: Health-Related and Substance Use Disorders

Question 1

Night-waking problems are most common among:

A)infants and toddlers
B)preschoolers
C)younger school-aged children
D)adolescents and adults

Answer 1

infants and toddlers

Question 2

Sleep produces an "uncoupling" of neurobehavioral systems,allowing for retuning of the:

A)central nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

central nervous system

Question 3

______ is the primary activity of the brain during the early years.

A)Growth
B)Learning
C)Sleep
D)Development of language

Answer 3

Sleep

Question 4

Up until the age of ______,children spend more time asleep than awake.

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2 years
D)5 years

Question 5

Behavioral intervention for sleeping problems involves:

A)sleep hygiene
B)comfort and reassurance
C)positive reinforcement
D)all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between sleep problems and psychological adjustment?

A)Sleep problems may cause emotional and behavioral problems among children and adolescents.
B)Psychological problems may lead to sleep problems.
C)Sleep problems may arise from some underlying factor that is common to both sleep problems and other disorders.
D)All of these describe the relationship between sleep problems and psychological adjustment.

Question 7

A child with protodyssomnia has:

A)difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep
B)recurrent nightmares
C)excessive sleepiness
D)sleep-related breathing problems

Question 8

By the age of ______,the brain has reached 90% of its adult size.

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2 years
D)5 years

Question 9

In the early 1900s,children with enuresis were considered:

A)evil
B)medically compromised
C)emotionally and behaviorally disturbed
D)willful and defiant

Question 10

Arousal parasomnias are typically NOT characterized by:

A)difficulty being aroused
B)mental confusion and disorientation when awakened
C)extreme reactivity to external stimuli
D)retrograde amnesia

Question 11

Nightmares usually occur:

A)during the first half of the sleep cycle
B)during the last half of the sleep cycle
C)at the very beginning and the very end of the sleep cycle
D)at variable times throughout the sleep cycle

Question 12

Sleep deprivation impairs functioning of the:

A)endocrine system
B)prefrontal cortex
C)occipital lobe
D)left temporal lobe

Question 13

The only dyssomnia that often requires drug therapy is:

A)protodyssomnia
B)hypersomnia
C)breathing-related sleep disorder
D)narcolepsy

Question 14

Maria presented at school with unusual behaviors such as crankiness,distractibility,and was emotionally labile.Her teacher is concerned that she may:

A)have ADHD
B)have a learning disorder
C)be sleep deprived
D)have a conduct disorder

Question 15

Which of the following statements about sleep problems is NOT true?

A)Infants and toddlers have less night-waking problems
B)Preschoolers have more falling-asleep problems
C)Younger school-age children have more going-to-bed problems
D)All of the above are true

Question 16

______ occurs during early to mid-childhood and includes nightmares,sleep terrors,and sleepwalking.

A)Parasomnia
B)Narcolepsy
C)Dysomnia
D)Hypersomnia

Question 17

Insomnia is most common among:

A)toddlers
B)preschoolers
C)younger school-aged children
D)adolescents and adults

Question 18

Chronotherapy is a treatment for:

A)circadian rhythm sleep disorder
B)hypersomnia
C)narcolepsy
D)protodyssomnia

Question 19

A rare dyssomnia in childhood is:

A)protodyssomnia
B)hypersomnia
C)breathing-related sleep disorder
D)narcolepsy

Question 20

Which of the following statements about enuresis is NOT true?

A)A child must be 5 years of age (or developmental equivalent)to receive the diagnosis.
B)Primary enuresis is more common than secondary enuresis.
C)Nocturnal enuresis cannot exist in combination with diurnal enuresis.
D)More girls than boys are diagnosed with diurnal enuresis.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting good regimen adherence in children with diabetes?

A)correct knowledge of diabetes and its treatment
B)gender
C)the belief that adherence is important
D)adequate problem-solving skills

Question 22

Children with forms of recurrent unexplained pain are more likely to _____________________ than children whose pain is due to organic causes.

A)be female
B)have lower intellectual abilities
C)identify someone in their family who often expresses pain
D)all of these

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT true regarding differences between boys and girls with chronic illnesses?

A)Girls show more symptoms of pain and anxiety than do boys.
B)Girls are more likely to cling,cry,and seek emotional support.
C)Excessive somatic complaints are associated with emotional disorders in boys.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 24

Behavioral intervention can help children with diabetes and their families by:

A)reinforcing symptom reduction
B)promoting regimen adherence
C)teaching self control and monitoring methods
D)all of the above

Question 25

The most common chronic illness in childhood is:

A)asthma
B)diabetes mellitus
C)cystic fibrosis
D)leukemia

Question 26

Which of the following statements best describes children's experience and expression of pain?

A)Because their nervous systems are incomplete,infants do not fully experience pain.
B)Girls have a lower pain threshold than boys.
C)Children have a higher pain threshold than adults.
D)Children and adults experience pain similarly.

Question 27

The most common form of childhood cancer is _________________.

A)chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
B)acute lymphoblastic leukemia
C)acute lymphoblastic melanoma
D)non-lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 28

Which of the following statements about encopresis is NOT true?

A)Encopresis is more common in boys than girls.
B)Up to 3% of children are estimated to have encopresis.
C)Encopresis usually results from psychological disturbance.
D)Encopresis may be associated with abnormal defecation dynamics.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about childhood cancer is NOT true?

A)The onset of cancer in children is more sudden than in adults.
B)Children are often at a more advanced stage of cancer when they are first diagnosed than are adults.
C)The most common form of childhood cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
D)None of these are false.

Question 30

Somatoform disorders are best described as:

A)medical conditions that are exacerbated by stress
B)physical symptoms suggesting a medical condition,but without organic evidence
C)the conscious feigning of an illness for attention or secondary gain
D)disorders of elimination (enuresis and encopresis)

Question 31

A child with diabetes who is subsequently depressed would be best diagnosed with:

A)a somatoform disorder
B)dysthymia
C)an adjustment disorder
D)psychological factors affecting physical condition

Question 32

Adjustment of children with chronic illness is typically ______ than that of other children referred to mental health clinics for non-health related problems.

A)worse
B)better
C)no worse or better
D)slightly worse

Question 33

Children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus must monitor their insulin levels carefully because too little insulin can result in ____________,and too much insulin can result in ______________.

A)hypoglycemia,diabetic coma
B)blindness,diabetic coma
C)diabetic coma,hypoglycemia
D)hypoglycemia,blindness

Question 34

About _________ of children suffer from some form of a chronic health problem.

A)1%-2%
B)5%-7%
C)10%-20%
D)25%

Question 35

To keep individuals from urinating at night,antidiuretic hormone (ADH)serves to:

A)concentrate the urine during sleep hours
B)signal the reticular activating system to wake them up when they need to urinate
C)loosen the bladder walls so that they may hold more urine
D)strengthen the bladder sphincter

Question 36

Full-spectrum home training for enuresis is a combination of:

A)punishment and positive reinforcement
B)medication and positive reinforcement
C)dry bed training and a urine alarm
D)a urine alarm and medication

Question 37

The most effective and long-lasting treatment for enuresis is:

A)desmopressin
B)imipramine
C)dry bed training
D)the urine alarm

Question 38

____________ refers to the various forms of physical and functional consequences and limitations resulting from an illness.

A)Mortality
B)Morbidity
C)Somatization
D)Adaptation

Question 39

To be diagnosed with a chronic illness,a child must have the illness for:

A)at least one month
B)at least 3 months
C)at least 6 months
D)at least a year

Question 40

Optimal treatment for encopresis involves

A)medical interventions and therapy to address underlying psychological disturbances
B)behavioral and medical interventions
C)therapy to address underlying psychological disturbances and behavioral interventions
D)behavioral interventions alone

Question 41

A non-specific risk factor for substance use is:

A)attitude about substance abuse
B)school connectedness
C)perception of oneself to be physically older than same-age peers
D)having friends with positive attitudes about substance use

Question 42

In a longitudinal study of children with cancer,adolescents were perceived by their teachers as more:

A)sociable
B)likely to be leaders
C)socially isolated
D)chronically depressed

Question 43

In general,what can we conclude about the adjustment of children with chronic illnesses?

A)Most can be diagnosed with a major depressive disorder.
B)Most can be diagnosed with a major anxiety disorder.
C)Their illnesses are in part caused by psychological problems.
D)By and large,most adapt successfully and the incidence of DSM-IV-TR diagnoses is quite low.

Question 44

Which of the following has not been linked to parental adaptation in families where a child suffers from a chronic illness?

A)a sense of self-efficacy
B)cohesive family relationships
C)effective use of denial as a coping strategy
D)perceived social support

Question 45

About 10% of mothers and fathers suffer severe symptoms of ______________ after their child is diagnosed with a chronic illness.

A)major depressive disorder
B)posttraumatic stress disorder
C)delusional disorder
D)panic disorder

Question 46

Which of the following personality characteristics has a clear link to adolescent substance use?

A)hyperactive
B)defiant
C)distrust
D)sensation seeking

Question 47

A typical adjustment problem that a child with a chronic illness might display is:

A)low self esteem
B)lack of social competence
C)poor school performance
D)all of the above

Question 48

Research suggests that children cope best with painful medical procedures when:

A)they are given an anesthetic
B)the procedure is explained first
C)they are given little information about the procedure beforehand
D)their mothers are not in the room when the procedure is being conducted

Question 49

Across all medical conditions,the illness parameters that play the most significant role in children's adjustment are:

A)visibility to others,presence of physical deformity,and severity
B)intrusiveness and painfulness of treatments,visibility to others,and prognosis
C)presence of physical deformity,severity,and functional status
D)severity,prognosis,and functional status

Question 50

Life skills training:

A)emphasizes building drug-resistance skills
B)focuses on altering cognitive expectancies around substance abuse
C)is an adolescent substance abuse prevention program
D)all of the above

Question 51

Which of the following statements regarding substance use/abuse differences between adolescents and adults is NOT true?

A)Adolescents drink less often but in larger amounts.
B)Adolescents are less likely to show cognitive and affective features associated with substance use and/or withdrawal.
C)Adolescents' physiological dependence is less common than among adults.
D)All of the above are true statements.

Question 52

Which of the following parental behaviors would help a child cope most effectively with a painful medical procedure?

A)explaining
B)reassuring
C)criticizing
D)distracting

Question 53

For how long would an adolescent have to show a maladaptive pattern of substance use to be diagnosed with substance dependence?

A)1 month
B)3 months
C)6 months
D)12 months

Question 54

Which of the following would most likely be used as treatment for an adolescent diagnosed with an SUD?

A)Cognitive Therapy
B)Multisystemic Therapy
C)Peer Therapy
D)Psychoanalytic Therapy

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT likely to increase the risk of substance abuse?

A)high parental expectations for abstaining from alcohol
B)lack of parental involvement
C)inconsistent parenting and poor monitoring
D)all of the above are likely to increase the risk of substance abuse

Question 56

______ 8th,10th,and 12th grade students have the highest rate of illicit drug use.

A)White
B)African-American
C)Hispanic
D)Asian

Question 57

Which of the following statements regarding the course of adolescent SUDs is NOT true?

A)Rates of substance abuse peak around adolescence.
B)Rates of substance abuse increase in early adulthood.
C)Experimentation with substances is common among teenagers.
D)All of the above are true

Question 58

For children with brain-related illnesses,the areas of neurocognitive functioning most likely to be affected by the primary effects of their illnesses are:

A)verbal abilities and attention functions
B)nonverbal abilities and attention functions
C)verbal abilities and long-term memory functions
D)attention functions and long-term memory functions

Question 59

One of the most important correlates of adjustment of children with chronic illness is:

A)parental adjustment
B)type of illness
C)healthy peer relationships
D)premorbid adjustment

Question 60

According to the 2011 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse sample,approximately how many 12-17 year-olds met criteria for substance abuse or dependence?

A)5%
B)12%
C)15%
D)25%