Deck 1: Introduction to Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents

Question 1

During the early part of the 20th century,the biological disease model of mental problems led to:

A)increased tolerance for individuals with mental disturbances
B)improved treatments
C)more controlled research methods
D)eugenics and segregation

Answer 1

eugenics and segregation

Question 2

Interventions for children and adolescents are often intended to:

A)restore previous levels of functioning
B)eliminate distress
C)promote further development
D)eliminate distress and promote further development

Answer 2

eliminate distress and promote further development

Question 3

Efforts to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories are called:

A)diagnostics
B)differential diagnoses
C)nosologies
D)none of these

Answer 3

nosologies

Question 4

Freud's theory focused on:

A)single causes of behavior
B)multiple causes of behavior
C)diseases of the mind
D)neurological causes of behavior

Question 5

John Locke (1632-1704)advanced the belief that children were:

A)possessed by the devil
B)uncivilized
C)emotionally sensitive beings
D)young adults

Question 6

The development of __________ treatment can be traced back to the rise of behaviorism in the early 1900s.

A)psychodynamic
B)research-based
C)diagnostic
D)all of the above

Question 7

The work of Jean-Marc Itard (1775-1838)was notable because:

A)in contrast to the societal views of the time,his orientation toward children was one of care and helping
B)he was the first documented individual to use behavioral techniques with children
C)he was a strong advocate for sending disturbed children to asylums
D)he initiated the Massachusetts' Stubborn Child Act

Question 8

The work of Rene Spitz:

A)led to the development of an organic model of mental illness
B)was the first documented attempt to help a special child
C)led to some of the first empirically supported behavioral techniques for eliminating children's fears
D)raised serious questions about the harmful impact of institutionalization of children's development

Question 9

Who is referred to as the "Father of Behaviorism"?

A)Freud
B)Albert
C)Watson
D)Rayner

Question 10

Who may refer a child for treatment?

A)parents
B)teachers
C)pediatricians
D)all of the above

Question 11

Which method did Jean-Marc Itard use to tame the "wild boy of Aveyron"?

A)hot baths
B)electric shock
C)massages
D)all of the above

Question 12

In the 17^th and 18^th centuries,children's disturbing behaviors were attributed to:

A)possession by the devil or other evil forces
B)poor parenting practices
C)chemical imbalances
D)low self-esteem

Question 13

At the end of the 19th century,children with normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behavior were thought to be:

A)suffering from moral insanity
B)imbeciles
C)diseased
D)possessed by the devil

Question 14

Freud was the first to link mental disorders to:

A)neurotransmitter imbalances
B)early childhood experiences
C)possession by evil spirits
D)classical conditioning

Question 15

Most problematic behaviors shown by children are:

A)qualitatively different from normal behavior
B)shown to some degree by most children
C)caused by inadequate parenting
D)indistinguishable from one another

Question 16

How did Jean-Marc Itard believe he could tame the "wild boy of Aveyron"?

A)exorcism
B)environmental stimulation
C)allow him to behave as he did in the wild
D)peer modeling

Question 17

In the first half of the 20^th century,most children with mental disorders were:

A)institutionalized
B)treated with behavior therapy
C)treated with psychoanalysis
D)overlooked

Question 18

The first disorder unique to children and adolescents was:

A)masturbatory insanity
B)mental retardation
C)moral insanity
D)depression

Question 19

Many child and adolescent problems involve:

A)failure to demonstrate expected developmental progress
B)failure to thrive
C)failure to meet parental demands
D)failure to meet school/educational demands

Question 20

At the end of the 19th century,children with mental retardation were regarded as:

A)suffering from "moral insanity"
B)imbeciles
C)lunatics
D)possessed by the devil

Question 21

Boundaries between abnormal versus normal functioning are:

A)scientifically defined
B)relatively arbitrary
C)well established
D)currently agreed upon

Question 22

The 2007 United Nations Treaty adopted a new convention to do what?

A)provide free and appropriate education to children with special needs
B)improve disability rights and abolish discrimination
C)provide psychotherapy services to children with special needs
D)improves test measures to diagnose children with special needs

Question 23

Psychological disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral,cognitive,emotional,or physical symptoms,which are associated with:

A)distress
B)disability
C)increased risk for further suffering or harm
D)all of these

Question 24

During the 1950s and 1960s,___________ emerged as a systematic approach to the treatment of childhood disorders.

A)psychoanalysis
B)family therapy
C)behavior therapy
D)institutionalization

Question 25

In contrast to adults,abnormality in children is often described in terms of:

A)relationships
B)distress
C)disability
D)increased risk

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of middle childhood?

A)academic achievement
B)getting along with peers
C)differentiation of self from environment
D)rule-governed conduct

Question 27

Which is an example of resiliency?

A)strong self confidence
B)coping skills
C)avoidance of risky situations
D)all of the above

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of infancy?

A)attachment to caregiver
B)language
C)differentiation of self from environment
D)forming close friendships within and across gender

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of adolescence?

A)academic achievement
B)self-control and compliance
C)forming a cohesive sense of self-identity
D)involvement in extracurricular activities

Question 30

This is the concept that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child maltreatment.

A)trifinality
B)ethnic finality
C)equifinality
D)multifinality

Question 31

Which would be an example of a common mistake in terms of labeling a child?

A)Ashley is a child with mental retardation
B)Karlee is a depressed child
C)Amber is a child with autism
D)Robyn is a small child

Question 32

Multifinality refers to the observation that:

A)different disorders may stem from similar causes
B)various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings
C)the same disorder may have different causes
D)developmental pathways may converge at the end

Question 33

What is the purpose of an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)?

A)to test the child using culturally appropriate tests
B)to accurately diagnose a child's specific difficulties
C)to tailor the child's school program to his or her needs
D)to discuss the family's history

Question 34

The ability to successfully adapt in the environment is referred to as:

A)competence
B)adjustment
C)resilience
D)coping

Question 35

What is a risk factor?

A)A variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest
B)A variable that increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur
C)Both a and b
D)None of the above

Question 36

Resiliency in boys would be best associated with households in which there are:

A)male role models,structure,encouragement of emotional expressiveness
B)female role models,structure,encouragement of emotional expressiveness
C)male role models and a combination of risk taking and independence
D)female role models and a combination of risk taking and independence

Question 37

To determine a child's competencies,it is useful to have some knowledge of:

A)social psychological
B)animal behavior
C)adult dysfunctions
D)developmental tasks

Question 38

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA);U.S.Public Law 101-476 mandates

A)free public education for children with special needs
B)the use of culturally-appropriate tests for assessing children
C)individual education programs (IEPs)for children identified as special needs
D)all of the above

Question 39

Successful adaption to the environment varies across:

A)psychological theories
B)developmental stages
C)sex and gender
D)culture and ethnicity

Question 40

Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways,a concept known as:

A)equifinality
B)multifinality
C)developmental diversity
D)disordered beginnings

Question 41

Which issues make adolescence a particularly vulnerable period?

A)risky sexual behavior
B)accidental injuries
C)substance use
D)all of the above

Question 42

What might be a lifelong consequence associated with child psychopathology?

A)increased demands on health and education systems
B)increase in productivity
C)less need for repeated interventions
D)decreased demands on criminal justice systems

Question 43

Which statement is true regarding sexual minority youth?

A)They have a higher rate of using mental health services
B)They often experience verbal and physical abuse
C)They have less academic problems
D)They have more peer relationships

Question 44

Phone surveys suggest that about ________ of 12- to 17-year-olds met criteria for either posttraumatic stress disorder,major depressive episode,or substance abuse/dependence.

A)1-5%
B)5-9%
C)16-19%
D)20-35%

Question 45

In the U.S.and Canada,children from ________racial/ethnic backgrounds have the highest rates of poverty.

A)African American and Native American
B)Native American and Asian American
C)Asian American and Mexican American
D)African Americans and Mexican American

Question 46

Girls have higher rates of ________then boys.

A)reading problems
B)autism
C)depression
D)ADHD

Question 47

Which of the following is true with respect to resilience?

A)Resilience tends to be a fixed attribute.
B)Resilience may vary over time.
C)Resilience may very across situations.
D)Resilience may vary over time and across situations.

Question 48

Which is true about children with the most chronic and serious disorders?

A)they are more likely to finish school because of all the help they receive
B)they face sizable difficulties throughout their lives
C)they are less likely to have social problems
D)they are less likely to have psychiatric disorders as adults

Question 49

Phone surveys suggest that about ________ of 10- to 16-year-olds experience physical and/or sexual abuse.

A)1/10
B)1/4
C)1/3
D)1/2

Question 50

Verified reports of child abuse and neglect number over _______ in the U.S.

A)100,000
B)200,000
C)500,000
D)1,000,000

Question 51

Children from poor and disadvantaged families demonstrate significantly more_____ than children who are not poor.

A)school problems
B)hyperactivity
C)chronic illness
D)all of the above

Question 52

Childhood poverty is a daily reality for about _______________ children in the United States.

A)1 in 4
B)1 in 5
C)1 in 7
D)1 in 8

Question 53

By the year 2020 the demand for children's mental health will:

A)double
B)decrease by 50%
C)remain the same as present day
D)slightly increase

Question 54

Which statement is true about ethnicity and mental health problems in children?

A)Minority children in the U.S.are overrepresented in rates of some disorders.
B)Even with other factors controlled for (e.g. ,sex,age),differences emerge in relation to race.
C)Minority children and youth do not face any more disadvantages in life than other children.
D)Ethnic representation in research studies has received a great deal of attention in studies of child psychopathology.

Question 55

Which is an example of a risk factor increasing a child's vulnerability to psychopathology?

A)chronic poverty
B)ability to avoid dangerous situations
C)high intelligence
D)self-confidence

Question 56

Which statement is true about sex differences and mental health problems in children?

A)Anxiety disorders are more common in boys than girls.
B)Sex differences in problem behaviors show up by early infancy.
C)Boys show greater difficulties than girls starting in early adolescence.
D)Boys' externalizing problems start out higher than girls in the preschool years.

Question 57

Which children are disproportionately afflicted with mental health problems?

A)those born with very low birth weight due to maternal smoking
B)those born to parents with criminal histories
C)those receiving inadequate child care
D)all of the above

Question 58

Which of the following statements is untrue?

A)Childhood psychopathology is a relatively common occurrence.
B)Most childhood problems and disorders remit by the end of childhood.
C)Children today face greater stressors than they did in the past.
D)Young children and adolescents are particularly at risk for psychological problems.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about children's mental health is false?

A)About one child in eight has a mental health problem that impairs their functioning.
B)Approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services.
C)Mental health problems of children and adolescents are a significant societal concern.
D)About one in ten children meets the criteria for a specific psychological disorder.