Deck 8: Mood Disorders

Question 1

Children who experience depression:

A)rarely attempt suicide
B)rarely relapse
C)typically make a full recovery on their own
D)are at risk for future depressive episodes

Answer 1

are at risk for future depressive episodes

Question 2

Major depressive disorder in children is more likely to occur after the onset of all other psychiatric disorders except :

A)bipolar disorder
B)separation anxiety disorder
C)ADHD
D)substance abuse

Answer 2

substance abuse

Question 3

Children with major depressive disorder are at greater risk than adults for developing:

A)bipolar disorder
B)somatoform disorder
C)schizophrenia
D)panic disorder

Answer 3

bipolar disorder

Question 4

The absence of joy and interest in activities that were previously enjoyable is called:

A)dysphoria
B)dysthymia
C)anhedonia
D)depression

Question 5

The increase in depression from preschool to elementary school is not likely to be a reflection of:

A)biological maturation
B)growing self-awareness
C)growing cognitive capacity
D)increased performance and social pressures

Question 6

"Anaclitic depression" was the term used by Renee Spitz in the 1940s to describe the pattern of behavior he saw in:

A)institutionalized infants
B)abused toddlers
C)pregnant adolescents
D)bereaved children

Question 7

The earlier and mistaken belief that children could not suffer from depression was rooted in:

A)biological findings
B)psychoanalytic theory
C)behavioral theory
D)cognitive theory

Question 8

Which of the following does not occur more frequently in younger than older individuals?

A)depressed appearance
B)anhedonia
C)somatic complaints
D)phobias

Question 9

The most frequent co-occurring disorder(s)in clinic-referred youngsters with major depressive disorder is/are:

A)conduct disorders
B)ADHD
C)anxiety disorders
D)somatoform disorders

Question 10

A _____________ refers to a group of symptoms that occur together more often than by chance.

A)disorder
B)cluster
C)syndrome
D)condition

Question 11

__________ is one of the most common symptoms of depression in children,occurring in about 80% of clinic-referred youngsters with depression.

A)Irritability
B)Anger
C)Grandiosity
D)Inattention

Question 12

Which of the following is least likely to co-occur with major depressive disorder in young people?

A)conduct problems
B)ADHD
C)autism
D)substance abuse

Question 13

The lifetime prevalence rate of depression in adolescents is as high as:

A)5%
B)10%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 14

The increase in depression in young people has been attributed,at least in part,to:

A)poorer childhood nutrition leading to disrupted neurological development
B)media influences leading children to feel hopeless about the future
C)rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people
D)increased awareness of symptoms of depression in youth leading to an increase in the number of children seen in clinics for diagnoses

Question 15

Depression in children is characterized by _______ rates of initial recovery and ________ rates of relapse.

A)high,high
B)high,low
C)low,high
D)low,low

Question 16

The earlier concept of "masked" depression was that:

A)children wear a characteristic "mask" of depression,including downcast eyes and downturned mouth
B)it is difficult to diagnose depression in children because they "mask" their feelings with a happy face
C)children purposely conceal or "mask" their depression so as to avoid treatment
D)depression could be "masked" or concealed by a variety of other behaviors,and thus any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression

Question 17

Prevalence estimates for major depressive disorder in all children ages 4 to 18 range from:

A)0.3%-1%
B)2% to 8%
C)10% to 15%
D)20% to 25%

Question 18

Prospective studies of children and adolescents have found that the age of onset for the first depressive episode is usually ___________ years.

A)7-10
B)10-12
C)13-15
D)16-18

Question 19

The increase in depression from childhood to adolescence appears to be largely a result of:

A)biological maturation
B)increased cognitive capacity
C)growing self-awareness
D)all of these

Question 20

Because so many symptoms of depression occur in normally developing children,the presence of ________________ is essential for diagnosis.

A)co-morbid behavior problems
B)sleep difficulties
C)suicidal ideation
D)dysphoria,anhedonia,or irritability

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in the prevalence of depression among males and females?

A)Throughout the lifespan,females are more likely to suffer from depression than males.
B)Depression is equally common among preadolescent boys and girls,but after about age 13 the rate is higher for females.
C)Depression is equally common among boys and girls in childhood and adolescence,but after about age 18 the rate is higher for females.
D)Females are more likely to suffer from depression at all ages,but only when there is a co-morbid anxiety disorder.

Question 22

The fact that depression occurs in many youngsters who do not experience loss or rejection,and does not occur in many children who do,is support against which theory of depression?

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)attachment

Question 23

The most common suicide method/s used by females is:

A)firearms
B)overdose and wrist-cutting
C)hanging or suffocating
D)none of the above

Question 24

Other than dysphoric mood,_____________ is the symptom that most distinguishes youngsters with depression from those with other disorders

A)sleeplessness
B)agitation
C)social withdrawal
D)somatic complaints

Question 25

Which of the following statements about suicide is false?

A)Suicidal attempts are largely specific to depression.
B)Overdose and wrist cutting are the most common means for adolescents who successfully complete suicide.
C)Most youngsters with depression report suicidal thinking.
D)Suicide attempts of youngsters with depression almost never occur during times when they are symptom-free.

Question 26

The rates of dysthymic disorder are:

A)lower than those of major depressive disorder
B)greater than those of major depressive disorder
C)equal to those of major depressive disorder
D)lower than those of major depressive disorder in adolescence,but not in childhood

Question 27

The symptom most specifically related to depression in adolescents is:

A)low self-esteem
B)sleeplessness
C)substance abuse
D)suicidal ideation

Question 28

Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals:

A)are errors in thinking in specific situations
B)are negative automatic thoughts
C)often include thoughts of physical and social threat,personal failure,and hostility
D)all of the above

Question 29

A history of depression during the school years increases the risk for later ____________.

A)substance abuse disorder
B)suicidal behavior
C)poor work record
D)all of the above

Question 30

_____________________ are the negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms.

A)Depressed thoughts
B)Cognitive delusions
C)Depressogenic cognitions
D)Destructive cognitions

Question 31

The increased risk for depression among adolescent girls compared to boys has been attributed to:

A)biological differences
B)their more stressful role-related challenges
C)their tendency to use ruminative coping styles to deal with stress
D)all of these

Question 32

Youngsters who have an onset of depression prior to age 15 and a recurrent episode prior to age 20 are likely to:

A)have mild depression as a younger teen
B)recover from their depressive episode faster in adulthood
C)have mild depression as a teen,but chronic depression as an adult
D)have severe depression as a teen and poor psychosocial outcomes as a young adult

Question 33

___________ theory of depression focuses on parental separation and disruption of a bond as predisposing factors for depression.

A)Psychodynamic
B)Behavioral
C)Cognitive
D)Attachment

Question 34

Someone who focuses narrowly on negative events for long periods of time has a:

A)negative attitude
B)depressive manner
C)negative focus
D)depressive ruminative style

Question 35

Adolescent girls may be at higher risk for depression if they have a history of:

A)interpersonal stress and lack of social support
B)low birth weight
C)increased levels of testosterone and estrogen at puberty
D)all of the above

Question 36

The most prevalent co-occurring disorder(s)with dysthymic disorder is/are:

A)anxiety disorders
B)ADHD
C)conduct disorders
D)major depressive disorder

Question 37

A recent study found that in transition from adolescence to young adulthood depressive symptoms were highest for which ethnic/racial groups?

A)Hispanic and Asian
B)Caucasian and African American
C)Hispanic and African American
D)Caucasian and Asian

Question 38

Which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement?

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)attachment

Question 39

Depression prone individuals tend to make __________________ attributions for the causes of negative events.

A)external,unstable,and global
B)external,stable,and specific
C)internal,stable,and global
D)internal,unstable,and specific

Question 40

The "cognitive triad" refers to:

A)the three parts of the brain that process information
B)attending to,processing,and interpreting information
C)the three cognitive theorists who have advanced our understanding of depression
D)a depressed individual's negative outlook about one's self,the world,and the future

Question 41

Due to recent findings of possible increased risk of suicide and self harm of young people using SSRIs to treat depression,the FDA has mandated:

A)parents be well informed and monitor their children closely
B)warning labels on medication and patient education guides
C)that children and adolescents should not be prescribed SSRIs
D)that SSRIs be prescribed in combination with psychotherapy

Question 42

The only SSRI that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of depression in children is:

A)paroxetine (Paxil)
B)fluoxetine (Prozac)
C)sertraline (Zoloft)
D)none are approved

Question 43

Which of the following regarding bipolar disorder in young people is false?

A)Manic episodes in their fully developed state are clearly different from a youngster's usual condition.
B)Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys.
C)Bipolar disorder is extremely rare is young children.
D)All of these are true.

Question 44

In comparison to nondepressed children,those with depression experience ______________ in the year preceding their depression.

A)more severe stressful events
B)more daily hassles
C)more severe stressful events and more daily hassles
D)none of these

Question 45

Which of the following statements regarding the prevalence of bipolar disorder is false?

A)Bipolar disorder is less common than major depressive disorder in young people.
B)Bipolar disorder is extremely rare prior to puberty.
C)The prevalence of bipolar disorder during adolescence is at least as high as it is for adults.
D)None of these statements are false.

Question 46

Brain imaging studies in adolescents with bipolar disorder point to abnormalities in parts of the brain that:

A)regulate emotion
B)plan executive functions
C)control memory
D)regulate sleep patterns

Question 47

Which of the following disorders is least likely to co-occur with bipolar disorder in young people?

A)mental retardation
B)ADHD
C)anxiety disorders
D)substance abuse

Question 48

Regarding bipolar disorder,boys display:

A)more depressed mood then girls
B)later onset then girls
C)more severity then girls
D)more manic behaviors then girls

Question 49

The most efficacious preventative intervention for children at risk for depression is:

A)low doses of fluoxetine (Prozac)
B)residential placement
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)electroconvulsive therapy

Question 50

In general,___________ is the first choice in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

A)cognitive-behavioral therapy
B)interpersonal therapy
C)lithium
D)family therapy

Question 51

Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of:

A)conflict with siblings
B)eating disorders
C)physical injuries
D)sexual abuse

Question 52

Which of the following diagnoses is a child least likely to receive?

A)major depressive disorder
B)bipolar I disorder
C)bipolar II disorder
D)cyclothymic disorder

Question 53

Bipolar disorder appears to be the result of:

A)genetic vulnerability
B)environmental factors
C)genetic vulnerability in combination with environmental factors
D)untreated major depressive disorder

Question 54

Which is not a characteristic of families of children with depression?

A)less warmth
B)less support
C)poorer communication
D)underinvolvement

Question 55

Children (and adults)who experience a clinical course of one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode are diagnosed with:

A)bipolar I disorder
B)bipolar II disorder
C)double depression
D)cyclothymic disorder

Question 56

The most successful treatment/s for major depressive disorder is/are:

A)nondirective supportive therapy
B)family therapy
C)psychoanalytic therapy
D)CBT and IPT-A

Question 57

The single best predictor of a child's risk for Major Depressive Disorder is:

A)drug use
B)family history of depression
C)psychosocial problems
D)academic problems

Question 58

________________ view youngsters with depression as having difficulty organizing their behavior in relation to long-term goals.

A)Interpersonal models
B)Self-control theories
C)Socioenvironmental models
D)Neurobiological models

Question 59

The diathesis-stress model of depression explains the onset of the disorder as:

A)linked directly to the occurrence of stressful life events
B)dependent upon the interaction between personal vulnerability and life stress
C)resulting from stressors caused by impaired functioning
D)biologically based

Question 60

In order to avoid the serious side effects of lithium,Dr.Smith prescribed Sally ___________ for the treatment of bipolar disorder.

A)risperidone
B)alprazolam
C)valproate
D)fluoxetine