Deck 5: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder Adhd

Question 1

Which of the following statements about ADHD is false?

A)No single cause for the behavior patterns of children with ADHD has been identified.
B)ADHD is an umbrella term used to describe several different patterns of behavior that differ slightly.
C)Hyperactivity and inattention together are essential features of ADHD.
D)There are no distinct signs of ADHD that can be seen with an x-ray or a lab test.

Answer 1

Hyperactivity and inattention together are essential features of ADHD.

Question 2

Recently,the symptoms that have been emphasized as the central impairments of ADHD are:

A)inattention and difficulty regulating motor behavior
B)difficulty inhibiting behavior and poor self-regulation
C)inattention and poor moral control
D)hyperactivity and cognitive problems

Answer 2

difficulty inhibiting behavior and poor self-regulation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an additional criterion for a diagnosis of ADHD?

A)Symptoms must appear prior to age 12
B)Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months
C)Symptoms must occur in more than one setting
D)Symptoms must produce significant impairments in the child's social or academic performance

Answer 3

Symptoms must appear prior to age 12

Question 4

In comparison to children with ADHD-HI,children with the subtype ADHD-PI are at greater risk of:

A)antisocial behavior
B)rejection by peers
C)anxiety/mood disorders
D)placement in a special education class

Question 5

Which of the following is an additional criterion for a diagnosis of ADHD?

A)Symptoms must appear prior to age 12
B)Symptoms must be present for at least one year
C)Symptoms must occur in at least one setting
D)Symptoms must produce significant impairments in the child's social or academic performance

Question 6

The brain damage theory of ADHD,which arose in the 1940s and 1950s,was discarded because:

A)no evidence of brain damage could be found using x-ray
B)the psychological cause of ADHD was "found" in 1958
C)it could explain only a very small number of cases of ADHD
D)brain damage was thought to cause mental retardation,not ADHD

Question 7

Children with ADHD generally:

A)get pleasure from feeling out of control
B)want to do well but have difficulty due to limited self control
C)can behave appropriately when they try hard enough
D)do better with strict rules

Question 8

Bradley has particular difficulty paying attention when he is tired or uninterested in the task at hand.Bradley demonstrates a deficit in:

A)sustained attention
B)distractibility
C)selective attention
D)attentional capacity

Question 9

Jeremy cannot remember a phone number without jotting it down.He demonstrates a deficit in:

A)impulsivity
B)sustained attention
C)selective attention
D)attentional capacity

Question 10

Virginia Douglas (1972)made the argument that:

A)hyperactivity is the primary component of ADHD
B)in addition to hyperactivity,inattention and deficits in impulse control are the primary symptoms
C)ADHD is due to minimal brain damage
D)ADHD is psychological rather than biological in origin

Question 11

When Jessica sits down to do her homework and study she is easily distracted by the television in another room.Jessica demonstrates a deficit in:

A)attentional control
B)sustained attention
C)selective attention
D)attentional capacity

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about ADHD-HI?

A)Children with ADHD-HI are often older than those with ADHD-C
B)The ADHD-HI subtype is the rarest subtype of ADHD
C)Children with ADHD-HI are more likely to display behavioral problems than those with ADHD-PI
D)Children with ADHD-HI are more likely to be suspended from school than those with ADHD-PI

Question 13

To diagnose ADHD in a child,a psychologist is likely to look for:

A)characteristic patterns of behavior
B)metabolites in the blood
C)an abnormality in the frontal lobe of the brain
D)abusive behavior in the parents

Question 14

Children who are at increased risk for problems in academic achievement are those who exhibit:

A)behavioral impulsivity
B)cognitive impulsivity
C)selective inattention
D)behavioral impulsivity and cognitive impulsivity

Question 15

Which of the following is another term for a deficit in selective attention?

A)distractibility
B)impulsivity
C)dual attention
D)disorganization

Question 16

The core attentional deficit in ADHD is believed by many to be:

A)selective attention
B)attentional capacity
C)sustained attention/vigilance
D)distractibility

Question 17

What might be the most difficult task for a child with ADHD?

A)learning a new video game
B)paying attention to the teacher when someone else in the class is talking
C)remembering a friend's phone number
D)working for 45 minutes on a sheet of simple math problems

Question 18

When is a child with ADHD likely to display more motor activity than other children?

A)when asked to sit still at his desk
B)in his sleep
C)while playing on the playground
D)all of these

Question 19

What is an example of cognitive impulsivity?

A)blurting out an answer in class
B)touching a hot stove
C)rushed thinking
D)interrupting a parent on the telephone

Question 20

Children with ADHD who are at increased risk for conduct or oppositional problems are those who exhibit:

A)behavioral impulsivity
B)cognitive impulsivity
C)selective inattention
D)diminished attentional capacity

Question 21

Mothers of children with ADHD are also more likely to have:

A)substance abuse problems
B)schizophrenia
C)depression
D)antisocial personality disorder

Question 22

Children with ADHD display:

A)a decreased desire for peer relationships
B)a poor understanding of social reasoning
C)a strong ability to correctly recognize emotions in others
D)little give-and-take in relationships with peers

Question 23

The mental processes underlying children's capacity for self-regulation are called:

A)executive functions
B)metacognition
C)self-perceptions
D)thought tracking

Question 24

Girls with ADHD are more likely than girls without ADHD to:

A)have conduct,mood,and anxiety disorders
B)have lower rates of verbal aggression
C)have higher IQ and school achievement scores
D)none of the above

Question 25

Which is NOT a characteristic of the speech/language of a child with ADHD?

A)quiet,mumbling speech that is difficult to hear
B)frequent shifts in conversation
C)use of fewer pronouns and conjunctions
D)unclear links in conversation

Question 26

Which of the following is TRUE of children with ADHD?

A)They are deficient in social reasoning
B)They have the same social agenda as their peers
C)They report receiving high social support from peers
D)They are consistently rejected by peers

Question 27

The best prevalence estimate for ADHD in school-age children in North America is:

A)1%-2%
B)6%-7%
C)9%-10%
D)15%-20%

Question 28

Children from which racial/ethnic group are teachers most likely to rate as ADHD?

A)Caucasian
B)African American
C)Asian
D)Hispanic

Question 29

The relationship between ADHD and depression appears to be a function of:

A)the teasing and demoralization that the child experiences as a result of their symptoms
B)family risk for one disorder increasing the risk for the other
C)general family stress
D)all of these

Question 30

One reason that ADHD is so challenging is that as many as ____ percent of children with ADHD have a co-occurring psychological disorder.

A)60
B)70
C)80
D)90

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD?

A)The number of required symptoms is not adjusted for age or level of maturity.
B)The requirement of persistence for 6 months may be too long for young children.
C)The DSM takes a categorical view of ADHD.
D)The required age of onset of age 7 may be too young.

Question 32

The higher rates of ADHD in lower SES groups are best accounted for by:

A)the presence of co-occurring depression
B)the presence of co-occurring parental psychopathology
C)the presence of co-occurring conduct problems
D)the presence of co-occurring learning problems

Question 33

Which of the following statements best describes the intelligence of a child with ADHD?

A)Over 50% of children with ADHD are below average in intelligence.
B)Over 50% of children with ADHD are above average in intelligence.
C)Brighter children tend to show more symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity.
D)Most children with ADHD are of average intelligence.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true about ADHD-PI?

A)Children with ADHD-PI are often described as daydreamy and drowsy.
B)Children with ADHD-PI have difficulties with speed of information processing.
C)Children with ADHD-PI are often described as aggressive and rude.
D)Research evidence suggests that children diagnosed with ADHD-PI may actually have a completely different disorder than children with ADHD-HI and ADHD-C.

Question 35

The most common co-morbid psychological disorder(s)in children with ADHD is/are:

A)anxiety & depression
B)oppositional defiant disorder & depression
C)tic disorder
D)conduct disorder & oppositional defiant disorder

Question 36

Which is NOT true regarding ADHD and culture?

A)ADHD has been found to occur more in higher SES groups than lower ones
B)ADHD has been identified in every country around the world in which it has been studied
C)Differences in the prevalence of ADHD across cultures may reflect cultural norms
D)Differences in the prevalence of ADHD across cultures may reflect variations in definition

Question 37

Which of the following is false about the health of children with ADHD?

A)Children with ADHD often experience sleep disturbances.
B)Children with ADHD may display slight growth deficits,which are likely due to medication use.
C)Children with ADHD display higher rates of tic disorders than other children.
D)Children with ADHD are more accident-prone than other children.

Question 38

In comparison to boys,girls with ADHD are more likely to display:

A)higher levels of hyperactivity
B)greater impairment in executive functions
C)higher levels of aggression
D)inattentive/disorganized symptoms

Question 39

Which child would be more likely to display a positive illusory bias?

A)A child with ADHD-HI and conduct problems
B)A child with ADHD-HI and depression
C)A child with ADHD-PI and anxiety
D)A child with ADHD-PI and conduct problems

Question 40

The higher incidence of ADHD in boys versus girls is most likely due to:

A)sampling and referral biases
B)societal expectations and acceptance
C)more aggression in boys
D)all of these

Question 41

Minor physical anomalies and other risk factors before,during,and after birth are specific risk factors for:

A)ADHD,but not other forms of psychopathology
B)many forms of psychopathology
C)ADHD and conduct disorder alone
D)anxiety and depression alone

Question 42

An educational intervention for ADHD may include:

A)response-cost procedures in the classroom
B)use of visual aids in the classroom
C)giving written and oral instructions in the classroom
D)all of these

Question 43

Adults with ADHD are likely to have better outcomes in their life if:

A)their symptoms are less severe
B)they have family support
C)have access to resources
D)all of the above

Question 44

Stimulant medications work by:

A)paradoxically slowing kids down
B)altering neurotransmitter activity in the frontostriatal region of the brain (stimulating areas that are underaroused)
C)enhancing mood,which in turn enhances self-esteem and behavioral control
D)"convincing" parents and teachers that the medications are working,even when they're not (placebo effect)

Question 45

The best treatment for ADHD is:

A)stimulant medication
B)parent management training
C)educational intervention
D)all of these,in combination

Question 46

When utilizing educational interventions,disruptive or off-task classroom behaviors may be punished with ________________ that involve the loss of privileges,activities,points,or tokens following inappropriate behavior.

A)partial-response procedures
B)all-or-nothing procedures
C)response-cost procedures
D)delayed-cost procedures

Question 47

With regard to the onset of symptoms of ADHD:

A)symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention tend to emerge at about the same time,usually in the preschool years
B)symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention tend to emerge at about the same time,usually in the early primary school years
C)symptoms of inattention usually emerge before symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity
D)symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity usually emerge before symptoms of inattention

Question 48

Research into causal factors provides strong evidence for ADHD as a disorder with __________ determinants.

A)biological
B)neurobiological
C)socio-environmental
D)familial

Question 49

Which is true of the course of ADHD?

A)ADHD does not develop until school age.
B)The majority of children with ADHD outgrow their problems before adolescence.
C)Many adults have ADHD but were never been diagnosed in childhood.
D)All of these.

Question 50

Why is it important not to lose sight of the fact that each child is unique and has assets and resources that need to be recognized and supported?

A)Because these assets can serve as a means in reducing the child's medication needs
B)Because these assets can serve as a buffer in increasing the child's behavior problems and referral concerns
C)Because these assets can serve as a buffer in reducing the child's behavior problems and referral concerns
D)Because these assets will do little to help the child in school

Question 51

Children with ADHD display:

A)deficits in motivation
B)deficits in arousal level
C)deficits in self-regulation
D)all of these

Question 52

Which of the following is most likely to cause ADHD?

A)too much sugar
B)fluorescent lighting
C)poor school environment
D)none of these

Question 53

Mothers of children with ADHD often describe their children as being __________ as infants.

A)difficult
B)easy
C)indistinguishable from their siblings
D)overly anxious and depressed

Question 54

In Hoover & Milich's study (1994),mothers who (erroneously)believed that their children had ingested sugar:

A)described them as "sweeter" than did mothers of children in the control condition
B)rated them as happier and calmer than did mothers of children in the control condition
C)were more critical of their children and rated them as more hyperactive than did mothers of children in the control condition
D)did not notice any change in their children's behavior

Question 55

DRD4,the dopamine receptor gene,has been linked to:

A)thrill-seeking
B)excitable behavior
C)impulsivity
D)all of these

Question 56

Neurobiological research on the causes of ADHD has shown consistent support for the implication of the:

A)limbic system
B)hippocampus
C)reticular activating system
D)frontostriatal circuitry

Question 57

To date,___________ has focused mainly on teaching parents to manage the overt disruptive behaviors that accompany their child's ADHD,rather than on changing the deficits underlying the child's ADHD.

A)adult sponsor training
B)response-cost training
C)parent management training
D)family management training

Question 58

Results of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA Study)were that:

A)in general,behavioral treatment was superior to medication management
B)adding behavioral treatments to medication resulted in benefits over and above medications in terms of alleviating core symptoms
C)three years after the conclusion of the treatment,only the medication management group continued to benefit from treatment
D)none of these

Question 59

Twin studies suggest that __________ factors play the largest role in accounting for ADHD.

A)shared environmental
B)nonshared environmental
C)heritable
D)all factors play a similar role

Question 60

Research into the negative influence of family on ADHD symptomatology indicates that:

A)Familial factors account for a significant degree of variance in ADHD symptoms.
B)Familial factors account for only a small degree of variance in ADHD symptoms.
C)Familial factors may increase the severity of certain ADHD symptoms.
D)Familial factors account for only a small degree of variance in ADHD symptoms,although they may increase the severity of certain symptoms.