Deck 8: Emotion and Cognition

Question 1

___________ are beliefs,preferences,and predispositions with an affective component toward an object or person.

A)Emotions
B)Motivations
C)Moods
D)Attitudes

Answer 1

Attitudes

Question 2

The ___________ is one of the main areas of the brain involved with emotional processing.

A)cerebellum
B)thalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Answer 2

amygdala

Question 3

You are on a date with a girl.During the date she smiles at you.You infer that she is happy and having a good time.This inference is based on you assessment of her ____________.

A)mood
B)emotion
C)attitude
D)motivation

Answer 3

emotion

Question 4

When you are angry,your ____________ nervous system becomes active,causing your heart rate to increase.

A)parasympathetic
B)peripheral
C)sympathetic
D)central

Question 5

A researcher shows a picture of a gun to elicit an emotional response.What is the name of this technique for manipulating emotions?

A)visual induction
B)pictorial cues
C)mood induction
D)evocative stimuli

Question 6

A researcher shows a short video on industrial accidents and notes any change in mood of the participants.What method is the researcher using to manipulate mood?

A)mood generation
B)mood induction
C)video altering
D)evocative stimuli

Question 7

___________ are generally diffuse affective states lasting for relatively long durations.

A)Moods
B)Attitudes
C)Emotions
D)Motivations

Question 8

Your roommate has seemed more negative than usual and is lying around the apartment quite a bit.You think she might be mildly depressed.This is an assessment of her __________.

A)attitude
B)emotion
C)mood
D)motivation

Question 9

A(n)___________ is a brief episode of synchronized responses.

A)emotion
B)attitude
C)mood
D)motivation

Question 10

According to the circumplex model of emotion,a range of emotions can be characterized by the degree to which ____________ and ___________ are combined.

A)cognition,physiology
B)arousal,valence
C)mood,attitude
D)approaching,withdrawing

Question 11

Both you and your roommate have a fear of public speaking.While taking your speech communication class,your hands would get moist before you had to give a speech.On the other hand,sweat was readily seen running down your roommate's forehead.The difference between the two of you is a matter of ___________.

A)expression
B)manifestation
C)valence
D)arousal

Question 12

_____________ simply involves asking research participants about their emotion.

A)Emotional recording
B)Secondary reporting
C)Observation
D)Direct assessment

Question 13

A universal finding is one that is found across ______________.

A)development
B)cultures
C)time
D)methods

Question 14

Asking people how they feel is an example of ______________ while having people choose a response from several different options is an example of _____________.

A)introspection,forced responding
B)recall,recognition
C)direct assessment,indirect assessment
D)open responding,closed responding

Question 15

Whether an emotion is positive or negative characterizes its ___________.

A)meaning
B)valence
C)expression
D)intensity

Question 16

Universal emotions are also referred to as __________ emotions.

A)culture-free
B)basic
C)naturally selected
D)common

Question 17

The approach-withdrawal model classifies emotions based on ____________.

A)arousal
B)motivation
C)valence
D)attitude

Question 18

Tracking eye movements is an example of ____________.

A)indirect assessment
B)low-level assessment
C)involuntary assessment
D)sensory assessment

Question 19

____________ was the first to propose the universality of emotional facial expressions.

A)Ekman
B)Darwin
C)Gladwell
D)Russell

Question 20

The ________________ graphically displays a variety of emotions based on arousal and valence.

A)emotion ring
B)emotion classification system
C)circumplex model
D)arousal-valence plot

Question 21

_____________ is the neurotransmitter used in the brain's reward circuit.

A)Acetylcholine
B)Serotonin
C)Dopamine
D)Glutamate

Question 22

Developing a dislike for cigarettes after watching your uncle suffer from lung cancer is an example of ____________.

A)autonomic conditioning
B)instrumental conditioning
C)instructional learning
D)observational learning

Question 23

The ____________ is associated with emotional learning involving declarative memory and awareness.

A)pulvinar
B)hippocampus
C)amygdala
D)thalamus

Question 24

_____________ conditioning concerns the increase or decrease in the frequency of a behavior depending on its outcome.

A)Instrumental
B)Outcome
C)Classical
D)Likelihood

Question 25

Little Albert became scared of furry things after a loud gong was sounded when a rat was next to Albert.This is an example of ________________.

A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)instrumental conditioning
D)evaluative conditioning

Question 26

A stimulus with a learned motivational property is a _______________.

A)secondary reinforcer
B)instrumental cue
C)conditioned stimulus
D)positive reinforcer

Question 27

You keep receiving campaign information about John Smith during election season.When you are filling out your ballot,you see John Smith's name and vote for him because you feel you know him better than the other candidate.This is an example of _______________.

A)repetition priming
B)mere exposure
C)instructional learning
D)evaluative conditioning

Question 28

_______________ conditioning involves learning an association between a neutral event and an emotional event.

A)Classical
B)Instrumental
C)Operant
D)Skinnerian

Question 29

________________ is a common component of a lie detector test.

A)Pupil dilation
B)Potentiated eyeblink startle
C)Gastrointestinal reflux
D)Skin conductance response

Question 30

Evocative stimuli that are inherently positive or negative are considered _____________.

A)innate emotional objects
B)emotional primes
C)primary reinforcers
D)emotional cues

Question 31

The ______________ can modulate the consolidation process by altering the storage of new memories.

A)hippocampus
B)cerebellum
C)amygdala
D)prefrontal cortex

Question 32

Skin conductance response may be measured to assess __________ conditioning while verbal report may be used to assess ____________ conditioning.

A)aversive,evaluative
B)direct,indirect
C)classical,instrumental
D)unaware,aware

Question 33

A shock is a ______________ reinforcer and money is a(n)______________ reinforcer.

A)negative,ambiguous
B)primary,secondary
C)conditioned,associated
D)primary,alternative

Question 34

Developing a dislike for cigarettes after watching a video showing the effects of cigarettes on the lungs is an example of ______________.

A)observational learning
B)instrumental conditioning
C)evaluative learning
D)instructional learning

Question 35

Your roommate received a strong electric shock once when there was a short in her curling iron.She now does not like curling irons and makes you put yours in the cabinet so she cannot see it on the bathroom counter.This is an example of _____________.

A)evaluative conditioning
B)avoidant conditioning
C)instrumental conditioning
D)aversive conditioning

Question 36

The ___________ is associated with emotional learning involving autonomic responses.

A)pulvinar
B)hippocampus
C)thalamus
D)amygdala

Question 37

You have just escaped a fear-provoking stimulus.Your ______________ nervous system becomes more active.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)peripheral
D)central

Question 38

You became sick one night after eating sushi.Now,you will not eat sushi.This is an example of what type of classical conditioning?

A)gustatory conditioning
B)autonomic conditioning
C)evaluative conditioning
D)fear conditioning

Question 39

Startle reflexes are greater for _____________ emotions as well as __________ emotions.

A)intense,negative
B)negative,induced
C)acute,specific
D)induced,intense

Question 40

Consolidation takes place in the ______________.

A)prefrontal cortex
B)cerebellum
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Question 41

Describe the factors and organization of the circumplex model.

Question 42

When looking for a face in the crowd,it is easier to find an angry face than a neutral or happy face.This is an example of the _____________ effect.

A)valence-asymmetric
B)depression-cognition
C)pessimistic
D)negative-emotion

Question 43

Research using a cuing task has shown that emotions can ___________ attention.

A)divert
B)hold
C)withdraw
D)divide

Question 44

Research has shown that emotional arousal can ___________ memory.

A)provide false
B)enhance
C)impair
D)unchange

Question 45

The inverted U suggests that memory is best under ___________ levels of stress.

A)low and high
B)moderate
C)low
D)high

Question 46

Consolidation of information into long-term memory takes some time.Describe a benefit of a long consolidation process in relation to emotion.

Question 47

In tasks that require the subject to ignore emotional information and attend to non-emotional information,emotion ____________ performance;however,when subjects are required to attend to emotional information,emotion _____________ performance.

A)enhances,impairs
B)does not affect,improves
C)hinders,does not effect
D)impairs,facilitates

Question 48

What does the double dissociation between direct and indirect measures of emotional learning indicate?

Question 49

Draw the inverted U and label it to explain the effects of arousal on test performance.

Question 50

Briefly describe points on both sides of the debate of whether or not emotion can be experienced without cognitive appraisal.

Question 51

______________ refers to clear and vivid memories of surprising or consequential events.

A)Flashbulb memory
B)Historical memory
C)Declarative memory
D)Perceptual memory

Question 52

The idea that emotional information is processed automatically with fewer demands on cognitive processing compared to other types of stimuli is known as (the)________________.

A)Wundt's law
B)inverted-U
C)affective primacy hypothesis
D)emotion precedent effect

Question 53

Use the skin conductance response to explain how a lie detection test works.

Question 54

State the difference between emotion and mood.

Question 55

Explain why Ekman concluded that anger,disgust,fear,happiness,sadness,and surprise are basic emotions.

Question 56

Emotional words serving as the second target in an attentional blink task are _________ to be recognized compared to neutral words.

A)equally likely
B)somewhat less likely
C)significantly less likely
D)more likely

Question 57

At a family reunion,you start laughing with your brother about a childhood memory.The two of you start recalling memory after memory of funny situations when you were kids.This is an example of __________________

A)mood-congruent memory effects
B)autobiographical advantage
C)emotional priming
D)attitude bias

Question 58

Differentiate among Ekman's basic emotions,Russell and Barrett's circumplex model,and the approach-withdrawal model of emotion by identifying the underlying reasons for the inclusion of emotions in each model.

Question 59

Emotional information can facilitate the processing of visual information due to a neural connection between the ____________ and the visual cortex.

A)hippocampus
B)amygdala
C)thalamus
D)superior colliculus

Question 60

Provide an example to illustrate how classical conditioning and operant conditioning can combine to change behavior.

Question 61

A(n)___________ is a brief episode of synchronized responses.

A)emotion
B)attitude
C)mood
D)motivation

Question 62

Flashbulb memory implies "picture perfect" memory for an event.Is this an accurate description of memory for emotional public events? Support your answer.

Question 63

Describe how emotion can alter perceptual and attentional processing.

Question 64

The ___________ is one of the main areas of the brain involved with emotional processing.

A)cerebellum
B)thalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Question 65

When you are angry,your ____________ nervous system becomes active causing your heart rate to increase.

A)parasympathetic
B)peripheral
C)sympathetic
D)central

Question 66

___________ are generally diffuse affective states lasting for relatively long durations.

A)Moods
B)Attitudes
C)Emotions
D)Motivations

Question 67

______________ refers to clear and vivid memories of surprising or consequential events.

A)Flashbulb memory
B)Historical memory
C)Declarative memory
D)Perceptual memory

Question 68

A universal finding is one that is found across ______________.

A)development
B)cultures
C)time
D)methods

Question 69

Whether an emotion is positive or negative characterizes its ___________.

A)meaning
B)valence
C)expression
D)intensity

Question 70

___________ are beliefs,preferences,and predispositions with an affective component toward an object or person.

A)Emotions
B)Motivations
C)Moods
D)Attitudes

Question 71

The ____________ is associated with emotional learning involving declarative memory and awareness.

A)pulvinar
B)hippocampus
C)amygdala
D)thalamus

Question 72

A shock is a ______________ reinforcer and money is a(n)______________ reinforcer.

A)negative,ambiguous
B)primary,secondary
C)conditioned,associated
D)primary,alternative