Deck 12: Language

Question 1

In the sentence "Bugs Bunny tricked Elmer Fudd," the suffix ed is a ___________.

A)function word
B)function morpheme
C)content morpheme
D)tense morpheme

Answer 1

function morpheme

Question 2

_____________ specifies the relationships between the types of words in a sentence.

A)Syntax
B)Discourse
C)Grammar
D)Lexicon

Answer 2

Syntax

Question 3

A _______________ is the smallest unit of meaning in a language.

A)morpheme
B)functional word
C)phoneme
D)discourse

Answer 3

morpheme

Question 4

A patient has fairly good grammar and generally used function morphemes correctly.However,he cannot produce content morphemes.You want to do an MRI to see if (the)____________ is damaged.

A)Broca's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)primary motor cortex
D)auditory perception area

Question 5

A _______________ is the minimal unit of sound that distinguishes words in a given language.

A)morpheme
B)grammapheme
C)function morpheme
D)phoneme

Question 6

Being able to combine and recombine phonemes to make different morphemes is referred to as (the)_______________.

A)combination rule
B)pluralistic construction
C)duality of patterning
D)linguistic complexity

Question 7

Damage to the auditory perception area would result in difficulties with __________.

A)language representation
B)speech perception
C)comprehension
D)hearing

Question 8

The discourse level of language representation in a phrase structure tree deals with ___________________.

A)propositions and inferences
B)the choice of words
C)noun and verb phrases
D)sounds and their meanings

Question 9

Disruption in language or speech is referred to as ____________.

A)agnosia
B)ataxia
C)aphasia
D)amnesia

Question 10

____________ is a coherent group of written or spoken sentences.

A)Syntax
B)Discourse
C)Grammar
D)Lexicon

Question 11

A patient has difficulty distinguishing the difference in meaning between sentences like "Barry Bonds hit the pitch" and "The pitch hit Barry Bonds." You want to do an MRI to see if (the)_____________ damaged.

A)Broca's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)primary motor cortex
D)auditory perception area

Question 12

The syntactic level of language representation in a phrase structure tree deals with ___________________.

A)propositions and inferences
B)the choice of words
C)noun and verb phrases
D)sounds and their meanings

Question 13

A patient has fairly good grammar and generally used function morphemes correctly.However,he cannot produce content morphemes.As a result,his speech usually does not make sense.What disorder do you suspect this patient has?

A)Broca's aphasia
B)Wernicke's aphasia
C)nonfluent aphasia
D)discourse aphasia

Question 14

Researchers interested in examining the comprehension,production,and acquisition of language are _____________.

A)developmental psychologists
B)psycholinguists
C)linguists
D)neurologists

Question 15

In the sentence "Bugs Bunny tricked Elmer Fudd," trick is a ___________.

A)function word
B)function morpheme
C)content morpheme
D)action morpheme

Question 16

When Elmer Fudd exclaims,"I hate that wascally wabbit," that is a _____________.

A)function word
B)function morpheme
C)content morpheme
D)action morpheme

Question 17

Cortical control of the throat,tongue,jaw,and lips is found in ________________.

A)Broca's area
B)the parietal lobe
C)Wernicke's area
D)the primary motor cortex

Question 18

A diagram of a sentence illustrating the hierarchical syntactic structure of the sentence is called a ___________________.

A)syntactic branch
B)phrase structure tree
C)sentence diagram
D)syntactic parsing tree

Question 19

___________ refers to the knowledge someone has about the structure of language.

A)Syntax
B)Discourse
C)Grammar
D)Lexicon

Question 20

A patient has difficulty distinguishing the difference in meaning between sentences like "Barry Bonds hit the pitch" and "The pitch hit Barry Bonds." What disorder do you suspect this patient has?

A)Broca's aphasia
B)Wernicke's aphasia
C)fluent aphasia
D)syntactic aphasia

Question 21

Darker lines on a spectrogram mean _______________.

A)points of coarticulation
B)clear articulation
C)ambiguity
D)louder sounds

Question 22

Referring to a classroom chair that has a desk attached to it as a "chesk" is an example of _________________.

A)randomness
B)constructiveness
C)morphing
D)generative capacity

Question 23

Overlapping phonemes in speech are called ____________.

A)articulation
B)dual enunciation
C)double diction
D)coarticulation

Question 24

"There is a light wind today" and "I need to wind the clock" illustrate the principle of _____________.

A)ambiguity
B)semantic uncertainty
C)phonemic complexity
D)the need for context

Question 25

Bottom-up processing of word meaning occurs _______________ an ambiguous word.Top-down processing seems to occur ______________.

A)shortly after,at the same time
B)before,later
C)immediately following,at the same time
D)immediately following,200 milliseconds later

Question 26

A basic property of sentence comprehension is that we interpret words as we encounter them,otherwise known as ____________.

A)sequential processing
B)serial ordering
C)immediacy
D)order effects

Question 27

The production of speech sounds is ________________.

A)communication
B)articulation
C)verbalization
D)expression

Question 28

After learning sign language,Nim's language ability,as measured by utterance length,___________________.

A)was similar to that of deaf children
B)progressed faster than deaf children
C)remained at the level of an 18-month-old child
D)was similar to that of hearing children

Question 29

When participants were shown a video of a woman saying "ba" with the sound "ga" dubbed in instead,they reported hearing the sound "da." This confusion is known as ______________.

A)the McGurk effect
B)phonemic confusion
C)the Kuleshov effect
D)the Hitchcock effect

Question 30

While you're watching a late night talk show,a guest says something he is not allowed to say on the air.Even though part of the word in question is "bleeped out",you still hear the word.This is called the ____________ effect.

A)coarticulation
B)sound completion
C)phonemic restoration
D)missing sound

Question 31

Damage to the temporal lobe can result in category-specific impairments.Specifically,people tend to have difficulty recognizing _____________ or ______________.

A)people,objects
B)2-D things,3-D things
C)living things,manmade things
D)stationary,moving targets

Question 32

There generally is no relationship between the sound of a word and its meaning.This characteristic of language is referred to as _______________.

A)unpredictability
B)arbitrariness
C)randomness
D)onomatopoeia

Question 33

Research on resolving ambiguity integrates ___________ and _____________ information.

A)bottom-up,top-down
B)auditory,linguistic
C)phonemic,syntactic
D)acoustic,semantic

Question 34

The entire set of mental representations of words is called the __________.

A)lexicon
B)dictionary
C)language
D)vocabulary

Question 35

A group of words that may match a speech signal is a ___________.

A)lexicon
B)vocabulary
C)cohort
D)neighborhood density

Question 36

The point guard was a natural leader on the court since he was exceptional at handling pressure and his father was a high school coach and the two spent hours and hours viewing film and discussing strategy.This sentence is an example of __________________.

A)recursion
B)idea elaboration
C)generative capacity
D)cascading concepts

Question 37

"What has four wheels and flies?" The answer is a garbage truck.This joke is based on a kind of ambiguity known as __________________.

A)unclear subject
B)a garden path sentence
C)adjective-noun reversal
D)object ambiguity

Question 38

"The hamster was found dead in its cage while cleaning" is an example of _____________.

A)object ambiguity
B)figurative language
C)structural ambiguity
D)disambiguation

Question 39

The three components of the triangle model are _________,__________,and __________.

A)meaning,spelling,grammar
B)orthography,phonology,meaning
C)phonemes,morphemes,syntax
D)sound,spelling,rules

Question 40

A two-dimensional visual display of speech with time on one axis and frequency on the other is known as a ________________.

A)frequency plot
B)spectrogram
C)wavelength-time graph
D)two-dimensional speech graph

Question 41

When people ask a question,their voices typically raise in pitch at the last word.The change in pitch is known as (the)_____________.

A)intonation
B)perceptual punctuation
C)frequency modulation
D)Victor Borge effect

Question 42

Formulating a message that needs to be conveyed occurs in the _____________ stage of language production.

A)goal development
B)meaning
C)content
D)message

Question 43

What does the ambiguity of language refer to and how is it resolved?

Question 44

Describe the deficits characteristic of Broca's aphasia.

Question 45

Eye movements of speed readers are similar to the eye movements of readers ____________.

A)who are highly skilled
B)who are skimming
C)reading normally
D)who are novices

Question 46

The point at which the intended meaning of a sentence is clear is called the ____________.

A)points of understanding
B)disambiguation region
C)moment of insight
D)linguistic clarity marker

Question 47

Structural ambiguities create _____________ problems for the interpretation of a sentence.

A)systematic
B)temporary
C)permanent
D)profound

Question 48

Someone who recently had a severe head injury comes to see you because he cannot seem to find the proper names for objects any more.You show him several pictures of everyday objects.He cannot name the objects but can show you how to use them properly.You suspect that he is suffering from _____________.

A)amnesia
B)TOT
C)aphasia
D)anomia

Question 49

Because bilinguals process two languages they have ____________ compared to monolinguals.

A)more efficient executive processes
B)larger vocabularies
C)fewer TOT experiences
D)enhanced syntactic development

Question 50

List the levels of language representation.

Question 51

The temporoparietal brain system for reading is important for ___________ spelling to phonology and phonology to meaning relationships.

A)learning
B)monitoring
C)recalling
D)identifying

Question 52

_______________ are examples of figurative language.

A)Metaphors and similes
B)Numerical concepts
C)Sign-language and gestures
D)Sensory descriptors

Question 53

_____________ are important for understanding the stages of language production.

A)Exchange errors
B)TOT states
C)Freudian slips
D)Semantic codes

Question 54

Skilled readers fixate on ____________ word(s).

A)every
B)definitional
C)almost every
D)informative

Question 55

Sometimes the only way to tell if a statement is meant to be factual,sarcastic,or ironic is by ________________.

A)the type of ambiguity used
B)intonation
C)nonverbal cues
D)reactions of others

Question 56

Errors in speech stemming from thoughts that a speaker does not want to say are __________.

A)sound-exchange errors
B)Freudian slips
C)word-exchange errors
D)message level errors

Question 57

Reading requires the mapping of spelling to ___________ and _____________.

A)meaning,grammar
B)words,sentences
C)vocabulary,syntax
D)phonology,meaning

Question 58

The ________________ brain system in reading is important for relating visual information to meaning once reading skill increases.

A)occipitoparietal
B)temporofrontal
C)geniculostriate
D)occipitotemporal

Question 59

Reading comprehension for speed readers is about the same as the college students who _____________.

A)have dyslexia
B)are reading their second language
C)skim text
D)read normally

Question 60

Describe the deficits characteristic of Wernicke's aphasia.

Question 61

Damage to the auditory perception area would result in difficulties with __________.

A)language representation
B)speech perception
C)comprehension
D)hearing

Question 62

A _______________ is the smallest unit of meaning in a language.

A)morpheme
B)functional word
C)phoneme
D)discourse

Question 63

Overlapping phonemes in speech are called ____________.

A)articulation
B)dual enunciation
C)double diction
D)coarticulation

Question 64

Animals can communicate but their communication is different from a language.Describe three ways in which animal communication and language differ.

Question 65

A _______________ is the minimal unit of sound that distinguishes words in a given language.

A)morpheme
B)grammapheme
C)function morpheme
D)phoneme

Question 66

The entire set of mental representations of words is called the __________.

A)lexicon
B)dictionary
C)language
D)vocabulary

Question 67

Diagram and label the triangle model of the lexicon.Using the diagram,describe how phonics and the whole-word method of reading instruction lead to word comprehension.

Question 68

Explain how bottom-up and top-down processing can combine to supply missing pieces of information during language processing.

Question 69

Differentiate between Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia.What does each of these conditions tell us about language processing?

Question 70

Disruption in language or speech is referred to as ____________.

A)agnosia
B)ataxia
C)aphasia
D)amnesia

Question 71

___________ refers to the knowledge someone has about the structure of language.

A)Syntax
B)Discourse
C)Grammar
D)Lexicon

Question 72

Assume that you are working for a television network.A field reporter for a news program interviewed an individual who used some language too colorful for the air.Considering the phonemic restoration effect,how would you remove a questionable word so that it was not recognizable by the audience?

Question 73

Your roommate claims to always be behind in his work because he cannot read fast enough.He is considering taking a speed reading course.Knowing that you are in a cognition class,he asks if you think the course is a good idea.What would you tell him? Should he pay to take the speed reading course?

Question 74

____________ is a coherent group of written or spoken sentences.

A)Syntax
B)Discourse
C)Grammar
D)Lexicon

Question 75

_____________ specifies the relationships between the types of words in a sentence.

A)Syntax
B)Discourse
C)Grammar
D)Lexicon

Question 76

Assume you are a member of the school board.At an open meeting,several parents comment that developmental research indicates that languages are learned more easily when people are younger instead of older.Therefore,they complain that languages are taught too late in school (high school)and need to be taught earlier in elementary school.You decide to balance the argument by commenting on the negative consequences of learning a second language.What consequences will you describe to these concerned parents?

Question 77

What do the tip-of-the-tongue states reveal about phonological encoding?

Question 78

Bottom-up processing of word meaning occurs _______________ an ambiguous word.Top-down processing seems to occur ______________.

A)shortly after,at the same time
B)before,later
C)immediately following,at the same time
D)immediately following,200 milliseconds later