Deck 12: Substance Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Delirium tremens is caused by the discontinuation of ______.

A) Mescaline
B) Alcohol
C) Cocaine
D) Heroin

Answer 1

Alcohol

Question 2

The ______ cortex is involved in executive functioning and often is disrupted by addiction.

A) prefrontal
B) medial frontal
C) primary visual
D) primary auditory

Answer 2

prefrontal

Question 3

The rewarding effects of drugs largely reflect activity in the brain's ______.

A) hippocampus
B) cerebellum
C) prefrontal cortex
D) nucleus accumbens

Answer 3

nucleus accumbens

Question 4

______ symptoms are experienced when the use of a substance is discontinued.

A) Intoxication
B) Tolerance
C) Binge
D) Withdrawal

Question 5

Addiction is MOST similar in meaning to the term ______.

A) craving
B) withdrawal
C) intoxication
D) dependence

Question 6

______ is synthesized from ______, which is, in turn, derived from the poppy plant.

A) Heroin; methamphetamine
B) Heroin; morphine
C) Morphine; heroin
D) Cocaine; morphine

Question 7

Several days after celebrating 90 days of "clean time," Melissa begins using opiates again. Melissa's experience BEST illustrates ______.

A) a binge
B) withdrawal
C) tolerance
D) a relapse

Question 8

People learned to make alcoholic beverages about ______ years ago.

A) 500
B) 1,000
C) 5,000
D) 10,000

Question 9

The members of a certain preindustrial society in the Pacific Islands commonly chew betel nuts. The effects of these nuts are similar to those of ______.

A) nicotine
B) cocaine
C) heroin
D) alcohol

Question 10

Terry has quit using OxyContin. His nose is running, and he is sweating. His pupils are dilated, and tears are running from the corners of his eyes. Terry's symptoms are the result of ______.

A) withdrawal
B) dependence
C) addiction
D) disordered use

Question 11

The highest rate of illicit drug use is found among individuals ______ years of age.

A) 16-17
B) 18-20
C) 21-25
D) 26-29

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the pattern of addiction?

A) Intoxication $\rightarrow$ Bingeing $\rightarrow$ Withdrawal $\rightarrow$ Craving
B) Intoxication $\rightarrow$ Craving $\rightarrow$ Bingeing $\rightarrow$ Withdrawal
C) Craving $\rightarrow$ Intoxication $\rightarrow$ Withdrawal $\rightarrow$ Bingeing
D) Craving $\rightarrow$ Bingeing $\rightarrow$ Intoxication $\rightarrow$ Withdrawal

Question 13

Roughly ______ of the vulnerability to addiction can be explained by genetic factors.

A) 5%-10%
B) 75%-100%
C) 40%-60%
D) 10%-20%

Question 14

In the past several years, the use of cocaine has ______ worldwide, and the use of marijuana has ______.

A) decreased; decreased
B) decreased; increased
C) increased; decreased
D) increased; increased

Question 15

The ______ system is the neural pathway or system is MOST implicated in addiction.

A) mesolimbic dopamine
B) ventral cortical
C) limbic corticoid
D) serotonin selective

Question 16

Alcohol was made illegal in the United States in the decade of the ______.

A) 1860s
B) 1890s
C) 1920s
D) 1950s

Question 17

The MOST commonly used illicit drug in the United States is ______.

A) MDMA ("Ecstasy")
B) cocaine
C) marijuana
D) methamphetamine

Question 18

Kayley has been using methamphetamine and is now intoxicated. However, Kayley continues to use the drug and cannot seem to stop. Kayley's example BEST illustrates ______.

A) tolerance
B) withdrawal
C) a relapse
D) craving

Question 19

The tendency for a substance's reinforcing effects to diminish with repeated use is called ______.

A) tolerance
B) withdrawal
C) disordered use
D) dependence

Question 20

The return to harmful drug use after a period of abstinence is called ______.

A) a binge
B) withdrawal
C) a relapse
D) tolerance

Question 21

Last night, Shelly was "falling-down drunk." She had to be helped out of the car and then threw up on the sidewalk. She has no memory of the evening. Her blood alcohol content (BAC) probably reached ______ g/dL.

A) 0.03
B) 0.08
C) 0.22
D) 0.34

Question 22

A person's speech becomes slurred when his or her blood alcohol content (BAC) reaches ______ g/dL.

A) 0.01
B) 0.06
C) 0.11
D) 0.21

Question 23

Alcohol is metabolized by the ______.

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) liver
D) pancreas

Question 24

The BEST health outcomes are associated with ______ drinking.

A) no
B) light
C) heavy
D) binge

Question 25

Which of the following neurotransmitter systems is NOT among those mentioned in the textbook as being affected by alcohol consumption?

A) serotonin
B) endorphins
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Question 26

All of the following side effects are possible at a BAC of .20 or higher EXCEPT this one:

A) improved perception
B) impaired sensation
C) depression
D) death

Question 27

Most alcohol is absorbed in the ______.

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) liver
D) pancreas

Question 28

Which figure BEST approximates the proportion of the population that has engaged in binge drinking in the past 30 days?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 29

After ingesting a single drink, it takes BAC ______ hour(s) to return to zero.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 5

Question 30

Which statement regarding the relationship between cannabis and psychosis is true?

A) A relationship likely exists, and the mechanism is probably genetic.
B) There is no relationship.
C) It is an urban myth based on the 1930s film Reefer Madness.
D) Cannabis use tends to run in families but is not related to developing psychosis.

Question 31

Gina and Hal had several drinks at a party last night; she had three drinks while he had five. Which of the two was binge drinking?

A) Only Gina was binge drinking.
B) Only Hal was binge drinking.
C) Both Gina and Hal were binge drinking.
D) Neither of them was binge drinking.

Question 32

Binge drinking involves consuming enough alcohol in a 2-hour period to have a BAC of ______ g/dL.

A) 0.02
B) 0.08
C) 0.12
D) 0.15

Question 33

One naturally occurring hallucinogenic drug is ______.

A) MDMA
B) peyote
C) LSD
D) PCP

Question 34

THC affects receptors in all of the following areas EXCEPT the ______.

A) medulla
B) hippocampus
C) cerebellum
D) basal ganglia

Question 35

______ is NOT naturally occurring or naturally derived.

A) Marijuana
B) Cocaine
C) Morphine
D) Ecstasy

Question 36

THC is the main psychoactive ingredient of the ______ plant.

A) marijuana
B) poppy
C) peyote
D) tobacco

Question 37

In any given year, nearly ______ of American adults meet the criteria for alcohol use disorder.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 38

Binge drinking is defined as a male having five or more drinks in one sitting or a female having more than four drinks in one sitting. This is a(n) ______ definition of binge drinking.

A) operational
B) methodological
C) empirical
D) experimental

Question 39

Approximately ______ of the world's population uses cannabis.

A) 0.1%
B) 1%
C) 4%
D) 9%

Question 40

The sedation associated with alcohol intoxication MOST likely reflects heightened activity of the neurotransmitter ______.

A) GABA
B) norepinephrine
C) serotonin
D) glutamate

Question 41

What percentage of the U.S. population uses cocaine?

A) 0.5%
B) 1%
C) 2%
D) 5%

Question 42

Dittrich's (1998) Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) rating scale does NOT contain a(n) ______ scale.

A) oceanic boundlessness
B) anxious ego dissolution
C) psychic transduction
D) visionary restructuralization

Question 43

Mescaline, LSD, and MDMA are classed as ______.

A) hallucinogens
B) amphetamines
C) opioids
D) sedatives

Question 44

Hallucinogens produce their psychoactive effects primarily by affecting the ______ neurotransmitter system.

A) norepinephrine
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) serotonin

Question 45

In which decade were amphetamines first developed?

A) 1760s
B) 1830s
C) 1880s
D) 1950s

Question 46

The psychoactive ingredient in "magic mushrooms" is ______.

A) mescaline
B) psilocybin
C) morphine
D) cannabis

Question 47

Psilocybin intoxication is associated with decreased blood flow in the brain's ______.

A) insula
B) thalamus
C) anterior cingulate
D) posterior cingulate

Question 48

Approximately ______ of the U.S. population consumes caffeine daily.

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 65%
D) 85%

Question 49

Heroin, morphine, methadone, and oxycodone are members of a class of drugs called ______.

A) hallucinogens
B) opioids
C) amphetamines
D) stimulants

Question 50

______ synthetic.

A) Cocaine is
B) Mescaline is
C) Amphetamines are
D) Psilocybin is

Question 51

LSD was discovered during the decade of the ______.

A) 1830s
B) 1870s
C) 1910s
D) 1940s

Question 52

The psychoactive effects of cocaine last approximately ______.

A) 5 minutes
B) 40 minutes
C) 4 hours
D) 8 hours

Question 53

An 8-ounce cup of coffee contains about ______ milligrams of caffeine.

A) 5
B) 50
C) 100
D) 400

Question 54

Which food or beverage has the LOWEST concentration of caffeine?

A) coffee
B) tea
C) chocolate
D) the concentration of caffeine does not differ across coffee, tea, and chocolate

Question 55

Which class of drugs is associated with increased energy, alertness, and positive feelings?

A) opioids
B) hallucinogens
C) stimulants
D) benzodiazepines

Question 56

The effects of caffeine last approximately ______.

A) 30 minutes
B) 2 hours
C) 4 hours
D) 8 hours

Question 57

Caffeine consumption does NOT generally result in ______.

A) increased concentration
B) decreased fatigue
C) increased ability to problem solve
D) delusions

Question 58

A hallucinogen called ______ has a history of being used by Native Americans in religious ceremonies.

A) mescaline
B) psilocybin
C) morphine
D) LSD

Question 59

Cocaine ______ the reuptake of dopamine, which ______ dopamine in the synapse.

A) blocks; decreases
B) blocks; increases
C) enhances; decreases
D) enhances; increases

Question 60

According to research by Dittrich (1998), the subjective effects of taking hallucinogens can be divided into three major components. These components do NOT include ______.

A) oceanic boundlessness
B) anxious ego dissolution
C) visionary restructuralization
D) spiritual communion

Question 61

After lunch, Katya drinks a cup of coffee and smokes a cigarette. She is consuming two ______.

A) stimulants
B) depressants
C) hallucinogens
D) opioids

Question 62

Perhaps the LEAST effective of the psychosocial treatments for addiction is ______.

A) cognitive behavioral therapy
B) motivational interviewing
C) an educational approach
D) couple and family therapy

Question 63

Controlled drinking approaches do NOT include ______.

A) Antabuse treatment
B) reduced-risk drinking
C) behavioral self-control training
D) asymptomatic drinking

Question 64

Which of the following groups is at the HIGHEST risk for tobacco use?

A) individuals with no high school diploma
B) individuals with some college
C) individuals with a bachelor's degree
D) tobacco use is not related to level of education

Question 65

Research suggests that people recovering from addiction to drugs or alcohol generally need to stay in treatment for at LEAST ______ month(s).

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 6

Question 66

According to the CDC, ______ use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

A) heroin
B) alcohol
C) tobacco
D) methamphetamine

Question 67

The first step in treating addiction is to help the individual remove the drug from her or his system. This process called ______.

A) tolerance
B) withdrawal
C) purging
D) detoxification

Question 68

The lifetime prevalence of pathological gambling is approximately ______.

A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 7%
D) 10%

Question 69

About ______ in 5 adults have gambled at some point.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 70

Naltrexone is to Antabuse as ______ drug is to ______ drug.

A) antagonist; agonist
B) aversive; antagonist
C) agonist; aversive
D) antagonist; aversive

Question 71

The neuroscientific study of a sample of pathological gamblers is MOST likely to reveal deficits in the ______ lobe.

A) frontal
B) occipital
C) parietal
D) temporal

Question 72

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is one example of ______.

A) a 12-step program
B) cognitive behavioral therapy
C) motivational interviewing
D) Antabuse treatment

Question 73

Tim is receiving individual treatment for cocaine dependence. He is learning how to examine his thoughts related to cocaine use, as well as specific strategies for managing these thoughts. Tim's treatment BEST exemplifies ______.

A) a 12-step program
B) cognitive behavioral therapy
C) an educational approach
D) Antabuse treatment

Question 74

As compared with the proportion of people with pathological gambling disorder who have comorbid substance use disorder, the proportion who have comorbid impulse control disorders is about ______ high.

A) half as
B) equally
C) 1.5 times
D) twice

Question 75

According to the text, motivational interviewing closely reflects the therapeutic approach of ______.

A) Allan Allport
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Rogers
D) Aaron Beck

Question 76

A substance that binds to receptor sites and mimics the function of an illicit drug (without producing the high) is called an ______ drug.

A) aversive
B) antagonist
C) agonist
D) appetitive

Question 77

Although pathological gambling is now considered an active disorder, it was classed as a(n) ______ disorder in the DSM-IV.

A) anxiety
B) impulse control
C) dissociative
D) mood

Question 78

Randy has to place ever-larger bets and seek "action" ever more fervently to get the same rush when he gambles. Randy's example BEST illustrates ______.

A) impulsivity
B) tolerance
C) withdrawal
D) bingeing

Question 79

Which approach to the treatment of addiction does NOT usually include a health care professional?

A) the 12-step program
B) cognitive behavioral therapy
C) motivational interviewing
D) Antabuse treatment

Question 80

A substance that blocks receptor sites so that the illicit drug does not produce an effect is called ______.

A) aversive
B) antagonist
C) agonist
D) appetitive