Deck 10: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Red and his friends are construction workers. After work, they work out intensively at the gym. Most either jog or cycle in addition to these activities. Based on the study of Finnish twins described in the text, about ______ of the variation among Red and his friends in the percentage of body fat reflects genetics.

A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

______ is one of the feeding disorders.

A) Binge eating disorder
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
D) Bulimia nervosa

Answer 2

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Question 3

Sarah, a 6-year-old female, presents to her pediatrician's office for an annual check-up. Her pediatrician notices that she is well under the height and weight she should be for her age. When he asks Sarah's mom about her eating habits, he finds that she will only eat brightly colored foods. Foods that are white, brown, or black are refused by Sarah, including milk, yogurt, pasta, rice, and white cheeses. Her favorite foods are corn, carrots, and colorful candy. Which feeding disorder BEST describes Sarah's eating habits?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) pica
C) avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
D) rumination disorder

Answer 3

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Question 4

______ is a feeding disorder in which an individual eats something that would not be considered food.

A) Pica
B) Rumination disorder
C) Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 5

Up to ______ of developmentally delayed children show changes in eating patterns and preferences for particular foods.

A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 6

Which of the following conclusions might be drawn from the textbook's discussion of feeding disorders?

A) Rumination disorder is an evolutionary ancient behavior left over from when food was more fibrous and more chewing was required.
B) Pica is seen most often in adult males in stressful situations.
C) Food texture problems can be an early sign of autism.
D) Food preferences based on taste and texture are normal, especially in childhood.

Question 7

The brain's ______ is at the center of the homeostatic system that regulates body weight.

A) pineal gland
B) hypothalamus
C) basal ganglia
D) cerebellum

Question 8

______ is a feeding disorder in which an individual does not eat certain foods, leading to weight loss or nutritional deficiency.

A) Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
B) Rumination disorder
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Pica

Question 9

In which category of disorders were feeding disorders diagnosed prior to the publication of the DSM-5?

A) anxiety disorders
B) mood disorders
C) disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, and adolescence
D) personality disorders

Question 10

______ is NOT among the feeding disorders.

A) Pica
B) Rumination disorder
C) Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
D) Bulimia nervosa

Question 11

The ______ gene hypothesis proposes that our genetic makeup developed during times when food was difficult to find.

A) adaptive
B) frugal
C) hungry
D) thrifty

Question 12

Historically, pica has been related to each of the following EXCEPT this:

A) depression
B) pregnancy
C) developmental disorders
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 13

John, a 10-year-old male, presents to his to the emergency room with severe stomach pain. X-ray revealed a blockage, and surgery revealed that he has a large amount of foam couch cushion stuffing in his stomach. With which feeding disorder would John MOST likely be diagnosed?

A) avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
B) bulimia nervosa
C) pica
D) rumination disorder

Question 14

According to the textbook, the Greek physician ______ recognized a connection between obesity and physical disorders.

A) Socrates
B) Hippocrates
C) Pythagoras
D) Plato

Question 15

The elementary school student who eats glue is considered a humorous cliché. If such a student developed digestive disorders or required hospitalization as a result of eating glue, however, he or she might be diagnosed with ______.

A) avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
B) bulimia nervosa
C) rumination disorder
D) pica

Question 16

According to the textbook, if food intake is reduced or increased, one's brain circuits will change. This is an example of what neuroscientists usually call the brain's ______.

A) mutability
B) malleability
C) adaptability
D) plasticity

Question 17

Carey is a normal-weight individual who is addicted to cocaine. Cal is obese, but he does not use drugs. The dopamine pathway is MOST likely functioning abnormally in

A) Carey's brain but not Cal's
B) Cal's brain but not Carey's
C) both Carey's brain and Cal's
D) neither Carey's brain nor Cal's

Question 18

______ is the feeding disorder in which a person regurgitates her or his food, then rechews, reswallows, or spits out the food.

A) Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
B) Rumination disorder
C) Pica
D) Binge eating disorder

Question 19

Trisha and her closest friends all live sedentary lifestyles. The sit at desks throughout the workday, then sit and watch screens at home in the evening until they go to bed. Based on the study of Finnish twins described in the text, about ______ of the variation among Trish and her friends in the percentage of body fat reflects genetics.

A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 20

Which substance, often consumed in pica, may actually have a beneficial impact on health?

A) clay
B) grass
C) paper
D) paste

Question 21

______ people find a fuller figured body more attractive, demonstrating the effect of culture in the perception of ideal body size.

A) European
B) Pacific Islander
C) Scandinavian
D) Australian

Question 22

Of the three major eating disorders, only ______ affect(s) MORE than 1 in 100 males.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

Question 23

At any given time, anorexia nervosa affects ______ of the population.

A) less than 1%
B) 5%
C) 7%
D) 10%

Question 24

According to the WHO, obesity rates worldwide have ______ since 1980.

A) stayed the same
B) doubled
C) tripled
D) quadrupled

Question 25

A BMI score of below ______ is considered underweight, whereas a BMI of ______ or higher is considered obese.

A) 10; 40
B) 14.5; 30
C) 18.5; 25
D) 20; 60

Question 26

A number of physical ailments have been linked to obesity. One psychological condition or disorder that has been linked to obesity is ______.

A) schizophrenia
B) OCD
C) anxiety
D) depression

Question 27

Aretha's BMI is 28. Jolene's is 32. Which statement is true?

A) Aretha and Jolene are both overweight, but neither is obese.
B) Aretha is overweight, and Jolene is obese.
C) Both Aretha and Jolene are obese.
D) Aretha is normal weight, and Jolene is overweight.

Question 28

On average, males are ______ satisfied with their own weight than females are.

A) much less
B) less
C) equally
D) more

Question 29

In round figures, approximately ______ of the world's population is overweight.

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 30

"Having a BMI of 30 or greater" defines obesity in such a way that it can be precisely measured. Therefore, it is a(n) ______ definition of obesity.

A) correlational
B) theoretical
C) operational
D) experimental

Question 31

People living in Africa and China consume ______ calories than do individuals living in America, Canada, and Western Europe.

A) fewer
B) the same number of
C) slightly more
D) significantly more

Question 32

Which of the following statements is generally true of the three major eating disorders?

A) Eating disorders affect more men than women.
B) Eating disorders have a strong genetic component.
C) Eating disorders represent behaviors that were once adaptive but do not fit within current society.
D) Eating disorders are more common in the elderly than in adolescents.

Question 33

Females tend to ______ their weight, whereas males tend to ______ their weight.

A) overestimate; underestimate
B) underestimate; overestimate
C) overestimate; accurately estimate
D) accurately estimate; underestimate

Question 34

During his most recent annual checkup, Ian's doctor informed him that he is obese. Ian's BMI is ______ or greater.

A) 24.9
B) 28.5
C) 30
D) 22

Question 35

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa tend to begin ______.

A) before puberty
B) during late adolescence
C) during early adulthood
D) during middle adulthood

Question 36

Which of the following correlation coefficients is a researcher MOST likely to find between the level of reward circuit activity and BMI among a sample of people who are eating?

A) −0.27
B) 0.06
C) 0.33
D) −0.98

Question 37

The major eating disorders in the DSM-5 do NOT include ______.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) rumination disorder
C) bulimia nervosa
D) binge eating disorder

Question 38

A researcher should find a(n) ______ correlation between somatosensory activity and BMI when people are anticipating food.

A) inverse
B) positive
C) minimal
D) perfect

Question 39

As compared to the brains of lean adolescent girls, the brains of obese adolescent girls show ______ somatosensory activity when they anticipate food and ______ reward circuit activity when they eat it.

A) less; less
B) less; more
C) more; less
D) more; more

Question 40

The three major eating disorders in the DSM-5 are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and ______.

A) binge eating disorder
B) rumination disorder
C) pica
D) restrictive/avoidant food intake disorder

Question 41

The main characteristic of ______ are periods of overeating followed by purging.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) pica
D) binge eating disorder

Question 42

As compared with brain volume among individuals without the disorder, brain volume among individuals with anorexia nervosa is ______.

A) lower
B) the same
C) slightly higher
D) much higher

Question 43

The neurotransmitter ______ plays a role in anorexia nervosa by influencing the feelings of fullness, impulse control, and mood.

A) GABA
B) glutamate
C) serotonin
D) cortisol

Question 44

Among adolescent females, there is a higher prevalence of disordered eating in ______ females than ______ females.

A) Hispanic and Native American; white, black, and Asian
B) white, black, and Asian; Hispanic and Native American
C) Asian and Hispanic; white, black, and Native American
D) Native American and white; black, Hispanic, and Asian

Question 45

The personality characteristics associated with anorexia nervosa, such as high anxiety and perfectionism, tend to ______ after treatment.

A) persist
B) decrease
C) disappear
D) increase

Question 46

The affective component of anorexia involves such brain areas as the amygdala, insula, and ______.

A) prefrontal cortex
B) primary motor cortex
C) pons
D) visual association areas

Question 47

Food restrictions during adolescent development lead to several changes in the brain. Restrictive eating and anorexia do NOT produce a(n) ______.

A) increase in brain volume
B) reduction in metabolism in frontal and parietal areas
C) overall reduction in brain volume
D) continuation of prepubescent functioning

Question 48

Twin studies suggest that as much as ______ of the variance in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia can be accounted for by genetics.

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 90%

Question 49

In the United States, as many as ______ of females may experience bulimia nervosa during their lifetime.

A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 4%
D) 5%

Question 50

Addie is just beginning a treatment program for anorexia nervosa. The program is based on the Maudsley approach. Addie is MOST likely

A) beginning to gain weight
B) gaining control over her own eating behavior
C) developing a healthy identity
D) challenging her unrealistic thoughts about body image

Question 51

The first task in treating someone with anorexia nervosa is to

A) gradually increase food consumption
B) immediately begin psychological or family therapy
C) drastically increase food consumption
D) administer drugs called neuroleptics

Question 52

The restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa is NOT characterized by ______.

A) dieting
B) binge episodes
C) excessive exercise
D) fasting

Question 53

Higher levels of perfectionism in individuals with anorexia nervosa are associated with ______ recovery from treatment and ______ duration before relapse.

A) quicker; shorter
B) quicker; longer
C) slower; shorter
D) slower; longer

Question 54

Elaina is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats and, when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Based on this information, Elaina is MOST likely suffering from the ______ type of ______.

A) binge eating/purging; anorexia nervosa
B) binge eating/purging; bulimia nervosa
C) restricting; anorexia nervosa
D) restricting; bulimia nervosa

Question 55

One subtype of anorexia nervosa is the ______ type.

A) restricting
B) reactive
C) ruminative
D) avoidant

Question 56

The Maudsley approach to the treatment of anorexia nervosa is an example of ______ therapy.

A) cognitive behavioral
B) family
C) mindfulness
D) biological

Question 57

The personality characteristics associated with anorexia nervosa do NOT include ______.

A) high anxiety
B) perfectionism
C) extraversion
D) obsessiveness

Question 58

Criteria for ______ include a restriction of food, a below-normal body weight, a fear of gaining weight, and a distortion of how body weight is experienced.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) pica
D) binge eating disorder

Question 59

With respect to the Maudsley approach, Phase 1 is to Phase 3 as ______ is to ______.

A) taking control; identity development
B) weight restoration; taking control
C) weight restoration; identity development
D) identity development; weight restoration

Question 60

From the 1600s until the present, anorexia nervosa has been described as reflecting three main characteristics. These characteristics do NOT include ______.

A) food refusal
B) onset in adolescence
C) lack of concern about the consequences of not eating
D) periods of overeating

Question 61

The textbook does NOT mention ______ as one of the medical problems that may result from purging.

A) dental problems
B) electrolyte imbalances
C) muscle tone deterioration
D) menstrual difficulties

Question 62

In 2001, a researcher selected a sample of young women who developed anorexia nervosa that year. She tracked the sample over the next 15 years. By 2016, the researcher can expect that about ______ of her sample have either committed suicide or experienced medical complications as a result of the disorder.

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 63

The medications MOST often used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa are ______.

A) antidepressants
B) benzodiazepines
C) anticonvulsants
D) neuroleptics

Question 64

Belinda appears to be a typical 14-year-old. She socializes with her friends and spends her time listening to music and watching movies. Unknown to her parents and friends, Belinda will sometimes binge on large amounts of food and then either vomit or use laxatives to purge herself of the extra calories. Belinda MOST likely suffers from ______.

A) bulimia nervosa
B) anorexia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) somatic symptom disorder

Question 65

Which answer is the BEST estimate of the 12-month prevalence of bulimia nervosa?

A) 0.5%
B) 1.5%
C) 3%
D) 5%

Question 66

The text notes that bulimia nervosa is seen ______ times as often in women as in men. The text continues by suggesting that this discrepancy ______ the prevalence of the disorder in men.

A) 5; accurately estimates
B) 5; may underestimate
C) 10; accurately estimates
D) 10; may underestimate

Question 67

Tricyclic antidepressants are ______ effective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

A) not
B) somewhat
C) quite
D) highly

Question 68

Two different versions of cognitive behavioral therapy are effective in reducing symptoms in about ______ of individuals with anorexia nervosa.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 69

The definition of purging does NOT encompass ______.

A) vomiting
B) taking laxatives
C) using diuretics or enemas
D) exercising excessively

Question 70

Pam is 26. Lyndsey is 15. Both have been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Of these two young women, ______ likely to be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy.

A) Lyndsey is
B) Pam is
C) both Pam and Lyndsey are
D) neither Pam nor Lyndsey is

Question 71

Cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa does NOT include a ______ phase.

A) psychoeducation and monitoring
B) dream interpretation
C) cognitive
D) coping with relapse

Question 72

Petra is recovering from anorexia nervosa. She is in the very last phase of a treatment program based on the Maudsley approach. Petra is MOST likely

A) beginning to gain weight
B) gaining control over her own eating behavior
C) developing a healthy identity
D) challenging her unrealistic thoughts about body image

Question 73

Alec occasionally eats enormous amounts of food at a single sitting. He eats until he is in pain and then feels extremely guilty about his consumption. However, he neither exercises to burn off the calories, nor purges to rid himself of the food. Alec is MOST likely to be diagnosed with ______.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) pica
D) binge eating disorder

Question 74

Typically, a person with bulimia nervosa might consume ______ calories in one sitting during a binge.

A) 1,000
B) 2,000
C) 4,000
D) 8,000

Question 75

Britta is a high school student who has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. The family's physician informs her parents that of the psychological treatments that have been used, ______ therapy is the MOST effective, resulting in a cessation of bingeing and purging in about ______ of the patients who undertake it.

A) cognitive behavioral; 50%
B) cognitive behavioral; 75%
C) psychoanalytic; 50%
D) psychoanalytic; 75%

Question 76

Gwen eats huge amounts of food in a single sitting, then vomits and uses laxatives to purge the excess food. Gwen appears to suffer from ______.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) binge eating disorder
C) bulimia nervosa
D) either bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder

Question 77

Reductions in brain volume are seen in

A) anorexia nervosa but not bulimia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa but not anorexia nervosa
C) both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
D) neither anorexia nervosa, nor bulimia nervosa

Question 78

The key distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder is that individuals with bulimia

A) do not binge, whereas those with binge eating disorder do
B) purge while those with binge eating disorder do not
C) do not feel out of control, whereas those with binge eating disorder do
D) do not purge, whereas those with binge eating disorder do

Question 79

The lifetime prevalence of binge eating disorder is ______ in males and ______ in females.

A) 3.5%, 2%
B) 2%; 3.5%
C) 1.5%; 3%
D) 3%; 1.5%

Question 80

In the treatment of bulimia nervosa, ______ medications are more effective than a placebo but less effective than cognitive behavioral therapy.

A) antipsychotic
B) antianxiety
C) antidepressant
D) stimulant