Deck 5: Health and Prevention

Question 1

Among First Nation and Aboriginal people, the thrifty gene effect is considered:

A) Protective for skin cancer.
B) A risk for skin cancer.
C) Protective for obesity.
D) A risk for obesity. .

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is a side effect involved in taking NSAID's for osteoporosis?

A) Chemical dependence
B) Kidney disease and ulcers
C) Destruction of cartilage
D) Weight gain

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In which health condition does the individual develop general thickening and hardening of the arteries?

A) Arteriogenesis.
B) Myocardial infarction.
C) Arteriosclerosis.
D) Coronary heart disease

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing _______ cancer.

A) skin
B) stomach
C) lung
D) colon

Question 5

A prospective study of BMI and cancer risk showed that a high BMI is associated with a greater risk of which type of cancer?

A) Skin
B) Lymphoma
C) Lung
D) Esophagus

Question 6

Which cosmetic procedure is shown to be associated with a higher rate of skin cancer?

A) Liposuction
B) Tattooing
C) Tanning beds
D) Body piercing

Question 7

In general, guidelines for receiving cancer screening recommend that patients undergo systematic tests:

A) on an annual basis for all cancers.
B) only as indicated by research guidelines.
C) approximately once every 10 years.
D) more frequently after the age of 60.

Question 8

The disease that involves an abnormal thinning of the bones is:

A) osteoarthritis
B) tendonitis
C) osteoporosis
D) sarcopenia

Question 9

The World Health Organization defines health as having which qualities?

A) Absence of any physical limitations
B) Lack of a disease or infirmity
C) Complete physical, mental, and social well-being
D) Ability to complete tasks of daily living

Question 10

People living in India who engage in the dietary practice of chewing or eating ___________ put themselves at higher risk of developing cancer.

A) betel quid
B) dried fish
C) fried naan
D) fresh rogan

Question 11

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada (2010) , approximately ______% of seniors, those 65 and older, were diagnosed with arthritis and rheumatism.

A) 64
B) 44
C) 34
D) 24

Question 12

A true Mediterranean diet would include relatively little of which type of food?

A) Nuts
B) Milk
C) Grains
D) Fish

Question 13

In the disease known as ________________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.

A) congestive heart failure
B) cerebrovascular insufficiency
C) transient ischemia
D) chronic hypertension

Question 14

The country with the highest percentage of obesity in the world is:

A) Finland.
B) Russia.
C) Bulgaria.
D) United States.

Question 15

A 72-year-old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, thus increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as:

A) hypertension.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) emphysema.
D) hypolipidemia.

Question 16

The number one cause of death worldwide , that can also cause chronic disability among older adults , is:

A) arthritis
B) heart disease
C) cancer
D) stroke

Question 17

Health professionals use the individual's ability to complete the tasks of bathing, dressing, transferring, using the toilet, and eating to assess:

A) overall health status.
B) activities of daily living.
C) biopsychosocial competence.
D) executive functioning.

Question 18

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

A) lack of close relationships.
B) low income and education.
C) inaccessibility of transportation.
D) harmful use of alcohol.

Question 19

A 66-year-old man was told by his physician that he has metabolic syndrome. This means that he meets which of the following criteria?

A) Waist circumference of 35 inches.
B) Blood pressure of 110-120.
C) Fasting glucose below 4.5 mml/ L
D) HDL cholesterol of greater than 40 mg/dL

Question 20

The highest rates of stomach and colon cancer are found among which racial/ethnic group?

A) Whites
B) Asians
C) Blacks
D) Latinos

Question 21

One of the risks of osteoporosis medication (bisphosphonates) is the potential for the individual to develop:

A) loss of bone in the jaw.
B) higher rates of brain tumors.
C) increases in blood glucose.
D) loss of synovial fluid.

Question 22

The World Health Organization estimates that, in 2013 , approximately _______ million people over the globe had diabetes.

A) 25
B) 622
C) 171
D) 347

Question 23

Diabetes can be prevented and even treated by which behavior?

A) Increasing the intake of sugars.
B) Monitoring weight and diet.
C) Reducing involvement in exercise.
D) Increasing intake of red wine.

Question 24

A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ____________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

A) Elastase resistance dysfunction.
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C) Acute pulmonary inflammation.
D) Chronic respiratory syndrome.

Question 25

The plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease are made up of which substance?

A) tau proteins
B) dead dendrites
C) acetylcholine
D) beta amyloid

Question 26

Which theory of Alzheimer's disease proposed that beta amyloid releases an enzyme that causes neuronal death?

A) caspase
B) neurofibrillary
C) cortisol
D) multi-infarct

Question 27

Destruction of the _______________ is a consequence of emphysema.

A) trachea
B) nephrons
C) alveoli
D) pancreas

Question 28

The enzymes that normally trim the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to make it flush with the neuron's outer membrane are the:

A) elastases.
B) caspases.
C) secretases.
D) apoptoses.

Question 29

Researchers investigating the role of lifestyle factors as modifying an individual's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease believe that __________ can play a protective role.

A) exercise
B) nicotine
C) caffeine
D) mood

Question 30

A middle-aged man is worried that his 83-year-old mother may develop osteoporosis, a reasonable concern because she:

A) is relatively overweight.
B) takes in very little vitamin D.
C) consumes high amounts of protein.
D) exercises at least 3 times a week.

Question 31

Unlike memory loss caused by Alzheimer's disease, the symptoms of vascular dementia may be:

A) progressive.
B) fatal.
C) biologically based.
D) treatable.

Question 32

In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles cause what changes to occur within the brain?

A) Accumulation of harmful waste products.
B) Targeted death of motor neurons.
C) Loss of blood supply to the hippocampus.
D) Twisting of microtubules in the neurons.

Question 33

Researchers believe that the APP gene contributes to Alzheimer's disease by causing faulty:

A) synapses between neurons
B) electrical discharges
C) snipping of amyloid proteins
D) memory formation

Question 34

The increased release of elastase stimulated by cigarette smoking is thought to be a cause of which disease?

A) Emphysema.
B) Diabetes.
C) Hypertension.
D) Atherosclerosis.

Question 35

Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms?

A) Weight gain
B) Bed rest
C) Corticosteroids
D) Mild exercise

Question 36

Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of which bodily organ?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Kidney

Question 37

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is almost always caused by:

A) sun exposure.
B) overeating.
C) smoking.
D) genetics.

Question 38

The condition known as multi-infarct dementia causes cognitive changes as a result of:

A) traumatic brain injury.
B) chronic substance abuse.
C) sensory deprivation.
D) a series of small strokes.

Question 39

Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the memory loss of Alzheimer's disease?

A) acetylcholine
B) estrogen
C) apoptosis
D) caspase Section

Question 40

According to your text, _____ is a major factor associated with increased vulnerability to illness that is often not considered and may account for inflated prevalence statistics.

A) the better nutritional status of older adults
B) generally lower socio-economic status of some samples
C) prevalence of larger numbers of males
D) genetic influences on the nervous system

Question 41

The condition known as _________ may increase the risk of cognitive disorders developing in older adults by overdiagnosis of prescription drugs.

A) peptide poisoning
B) polypharmacy
C) pseudodementia
D) protein overloading

Question 42

Though very similar in many ways to Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia (MID) differs importantly in that it is caused by:

A) excessive intake of alcohol.
B) abnormalities in metabolism.
C) traumatic brain injury.
D) loss of blood supply to the brain.

Question 43

The condition known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is used in cases involving:

A) memory loss that may progress to Alzheimer's disease.
B) documented loss of memory, language, and judgment.
C) loss of blood supply to the subcortical brain regions.
D) poor judgment due to acute alcohol intoxication.

Question 44

What four forms of treatment are available for cancer? What are their side effects?

Question 45

What three measures can people take to lower their risk of cardiovascular disease?

Question 46

According to your text an important but often neglected focus on health of older adults in Canada involves:

A) Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other neurological disorders.
B) Studying mild cognitive impairment as a risk for Alzheimer's Disease
C) An emphasis on prevention and health promotion
D) Drug treatments of neurological disorders.

Question 47

What are the four major risk factors for diseases of the cardiovascular system?

Question 48

What are five risk factors for the development of osteoporosis?

Question 49

A woman is caring for her husband who suffers from advanced dementia. The Alzheimer's Society of Canada would suggest that caregivers she should engage in which activity to help herself cope with caregiver burden?

A) Join a caregiver's support group.
B) Discontinue ties with friends.
C) Move her husband to a nursing home.
D) Find a psychiatrist to prescribe antidepressants.

Question 50

Memantine is a medication for Alzheimer's disease that is intended to produce which changes in the individual's brain?

A) stimulates new neurons to replace those that have died.
B) provides more beta amyloid to replace old plaques.
C) Reduces the death of neurons by blocking glutamate receptors .
D) Allows more acetylcholine to remain in the brain .

Question 51

Describe five major forms of cancer according to their site in the body and the nature of the specific form of cancer.

Question 52

Describe five diseases of the cardiovascular system along with their causes.

Question 53

An 82-year-old man constantly feels sad, demoralized, and worthless. He also is experiencing significant memory problems. Based on this pattern of symptoms, physician examining Mr. Grah should take care to rule out which possible cause of his memory loss?

A) polypharmacy
B) pseudodementia
C) Pick's disease
D) Lewy body dementia

Question 54

Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

A) occasionally misplacing objects at home
B) being absent-minded from time to time
C) forgetting names of good friends or family
D) being unable to name the star of a popular movie

Question 55

What are the three greatest risk factors for the development of cancer?

Question 56

List four forms of treatment for osteoarthritis.

Question 57

What are two forms of cerebrovascular disease?

Question 58

In ________________ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance.

A) Lewy Body
B) Pick's
C) Wernicke's
D) Parkinson's

Question 59

Which medication that treats some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease falls into the category of anticholinesterases?

A) memantine
B) lithium bicarbonate
C) donepezil hydrochloride
D) beta amyloid

Question 60

How do incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease vary by sex and race in adulthood?

Question 61

Is your community "age-friendly"? Review the characteristic of "age-friendly communities" as they apply to your city/town/neighbourhood? What improvement would you recommend to support the health and well-being of local seniors?

Question 62

Take the role of a public health expert working on behalf of the American Heart Association. Design a media campaign that would help lower the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease among the groups with the highest rates of these diseases. Justify the steps you would take and the information you would provide.

Question 63

Describe the disease process in Type 2 diabetes.

Question 64

Diseases of later life are becoming increasingly important for physicians to understand, diagnose, and treat. What would you regard as the main lessons that physicians should learn about these diseases? How can efforts to educate physicians about gerontology and geriatrics be improved?

Question 65

Describe three lifestyle or environmental factors thought to be causes of or contributors to Alzheimer's disease.

Question 66

Psychosocial treatments for Alzheimer's disease attempt to change which two major categories of problems dealt with by caregivers?

Question 67

What are the three genes thought to be the major causes of Alzheimer's disease?

Question 68

List five forms of treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

Question 69

Why are First Nation and Aboriginal people at such high risk for diabetes? How would you address these risks in terms of intervention?

Question 70

What are three major psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Question 71

What are four interventions that can be implemented for people with Type 2 diabetes?

Question 72

List the five diagnostic criteria of the American Psychiatric Association for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 73

If you were designing a program to help family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease, what types of
features would you emphasize to make your program as effective as possible? Why would you include those features?

Question 74

What are six forms of reversible dementia that may be confused with Alzheimer's disease? Why is it important to identify these forms of dementia?

Question 75

List and describe six forms of dementia that may appear to be Alzheimer's disease. Indicate how each form of dementia is different from Alzheimer's disease.

Question 76

What two forms of treatment are available for people with COPD?

Question 77

Describe the issues involved in determining the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 78

What are the two major microscopic changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease? What processes are thought to be responsible for the development of these changes?

Question 79

What four types of medical treatment are currently being tested for people with Alzheimer's disease?

Question 80

List the two forms of respiratory disease that make up COPD.