Deck 24: Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Question 1

Multicollinearity in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In multiple regression, the dependent and independent variables must be metric measures.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

MANOVA predicts multiple continuous dependent variables with multiple continuous independent variables.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The most common rule for extracting factors in factor analysis is to base the number of factors on the number of eigenvalues greater than 1.0

Question 5

To determine whether the discriminant analysis can be used as a good predictor, information provided in the factor profile is used.

Question 6

The variate is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation.

Question 7

Multiple regression analysis includes a single independent variable but several dependent variables.

Question 8

Factor rotation is a mathematical way of simplifying factor results.

Question 9

Multivariate statistical analysis permit the researcher to consider the effects of three or more variables at the same time.

Question 10

Nominal and ordinal scales are referred to as nonmetric scales.

Question 11

Cluster analysis is a type of interdependence method.

Question 12

The basic types of multivariate techniques are primary methods and secondary methods.

Question 13

Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the general linear model (GLM).

Question 14

The type of measurement scales used does not influence which multivariate statistical techniques are appropriate for the data.

Question 15

Discriminant analysis predicts a categorical dependent variable based on a linear combination of independent variables.

Question 16

In multiple regression, dummy variables are those that have no effect on the dependent variable.

Question 17

The general linear model is a way of explaining and predicting a dependent variable based on fluctuations (variation) from its mean, with the fluctuations due to changes in independent variables.

Question 18

A factor loading indicates how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor.

Question 19

In multiple regression, the coefficient of multiple determination, or c², indicates the percentage of the variation in Y that can be explained by all independent variables.

Question 20

Partial correlations measure the variance inflation among independent variables.

Question 21

When a researcher is attempting to predict sales volume by using building permits, amount of advertising, and the income levels of residents, the researcher is using _____.

A) univariate analysis
B) a chi-square analysis
C) multiple regression analysis
D) factor analysis

Question 22

Which of the following is a dependence method of analysis?

A) structural equations modeling
B) multiple regression analysis
C) multiple discriminant analysis
D) all of these choices

Question 23

All of the following are examples of interdependence methods of analysis EXCEPT _____.

A) factor analysis
B) cluster analysis
C) multidimensional scaling
D) conjoint analysis

Question 24

Nominal and ordinal scales are examples of ______ scales, while interval and ratio scales are examples of ______ scales.

A) metric; co-metric
B) nonmetric; metric
C) nonmetric; advanced
D) metric; continuous

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of an interdependence analysis method?

A) multidimensional scaling
B) multiple regression analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) all of these choices

Question 26

Multidimensional scaling provides a means for placing objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects.

Question 27

Which analysis is portrayed by the equation: Y = b_o + b₁X₁ + b₂X₂ + b₃X₃... + b_nX_n?

A) simple regression
B) multiple regression
C) chi-square
D) factor analysis

Question 28

Factor analysis is considered a data reduction technique.

Question 29

When a multivariate statistical technique is used to predict job satisfaction from several independent variables, such as age, salary, and number of years in that position, the researcher is studying _____.

A) dependence
B) independence
C) interdependence
D) segments

Question 30

Which type of analysis involves three or more variables?

A) univariate statistical analysis
B) bivariate statistical analysis
C) multivariate statistical analysis
D) all of these choices

Question 31

All of the following are examples of dependence methods of analysis EXCEPT _____.

A) multiple regression analysis
B) multiple discriminant analysis
C) cluster analysis
D) multivariate analysis of variance

Question 32

In cluster analysis, each cluster should have low internal homogeneity and high external heterogeneity.

Question 33

The two basic groups of multivariate techniques are _____.

A) dependence methods and interdependence methods
B) primary methods and secondary methods
C) simple methods and complex methods
D) partial methods and complete methods

Question 34

If the analysis contains only one dependent variable and that variable is metric, the appropriate statistical analysis is:

A) multiple discriminant analysis
B) conjoint analysis
C) multivariate ANOVA
D) multiple regression

Question 35

In regression analysis, the symbol X is commonly used for the ______ variable, and the symbol Y is commonly used for the ______ variable.

A) dependent; moderating
B) independent; dependent
C) dependent; independent
D) independent; moderating

Question 36

Which of the following is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation?

A) structuralism
B) variate
C) ANOVA
D) synergy

Question 37

Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____, which is a way of modeling some process based on how different variables cause fluctuations from the average dependent variable.

A) ordinary linear model (OLM)
B) weighted average model (WAM)
C) general linear model (GLM)
D) metric scaling model (MSM)

Question 38

Which of the following is an appropriate technique when the inputs are metric?

A) cluster analysis
B) metric multidimensional scaling
C) factor analysis
D) all of these choices

Question 39

In factor analysis, communality is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variation that can be explained by the factors.

Question 40

The rule of parsimony basically means "less is better."

Question 41

Which of the following is computed by most regression programs and provide an indication of how much multicollinearity exists among a set of independent variables?

A) c²
B) b
C) collinear coefficient
D) variance inflation factor (VIF)

Question 42

The correlation between two variables after taking into account the fact that they are correlated with other variables too is called _____.

A) partial correlation
B) standardized correlation
C) raw correlation
D) variant correlation

Question 43

A researcher has 57 variables in a large dataset and wishes to summarize the information from them into a reduced set of variables. Which multivariate technique should be used?

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) logit analysis
D) regression analysis

Question 44

A value of R² = 0.40 means that _____ percent of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables.

A) 80
B) 60
C) 40
D) 16

Question 45

Which of the following suggests problems with multicollinearity?

A) VIF > 5.0
B) b < 3.0
C) Power > 0.8
D) a > 0.8

Question 46

In the formula for the F-test in multiple regression, n - k - 1 represents the ____.

A) degrees of freedom of the numerator
B) number of observations
C) degrees of freedom of the denominator
D) number of independent variables

Question 47

A mathematical way of simplifying factor analysis results is _____.

A) factor loading
B) factor reduction
C) factor rotation
D) factor analysis

Question 48

If the analysis predicts several continuous dependent variables with several categorical independent variables, the appropriate statistical technique is _____.

A) multiple regression
B) multiple discriminant analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) MANOVA

Question 49

If a researcher wants to know how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor, what should she look at?

A) factor b
B) discriminator
C) factor link
D) factor loading

Question 50

A variable that is coded as either zero or one and that has two distinct levels is called a(n) _____.

A) regression variable
B) dummy variable
C) MANOVA variable
D) ANOVA variable

Question 51

_____ is the extent to which independent variables in a multiple regression analysis are correlated with each other.

A) Convergence
B) Variance
C) Skedacity
D) Multicollinearity

Question 52

If the regression equation is: Y = 98.3 +.35X₁ + 22.3X₂, the predicted value for Y when X₁ = 3 and X₂ = 5 is _____.

A) 118.45
B) 210.85
C) 67.23
D) 98.3

Question 53

If a bank wants to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful credit risks for home mortgage loans, it should use _____.

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) MANOVA
D) discriminant analysis

Question 54

Which of the following suggests that an explanation involving fewer components is better than one involving more?

A) rule of twos
B) rule of parsimony
C) data reduction rule
D) min-max rule

Question 55

A researcher is analyzing data and is concerned over how strongly interrelated the independent variables of attitude toward one's employer and attitude toward one's coworkers are in his model. The researcher is concerned about _____.

A) multicollinearity
B) MANOVA
C) degrees of freedom
D) convergence

Question 56

Which type of analysis attempts to predict a categorical dependent variable?

A) factor analysis
B) discriminant analysis
C) regression analysis
D) linear analysis

Question 57

In the following formula, k stands for:

A) the number of observations
B) the degrees of freedom of the denominator
C) the number of independent variables
D) the sample size

Question 58

Which multivariate analysis statistically identifies a reduced number of factors from a larger number of measured variables?

A) factor analysis
B) regression
C) discriminant analysis
D) logit analysis

Question 59

How can a researcher create a composite scale with factor results?

A) The researcher can select the items with high R² values and average them to form a composite scale.
B) The researcher can sum the variables with high loadings on a factor to create a summated scale.
C) The researcher can sum the variables with high VIF values on a factor to create a summated scale.
D) The research can sum the items with high commonality values on a factor to create a summated scale.

Question 60

In discriminant analysis, a linear combination of independent variables that explains group memberships is known as a(n) _____.

A) regression equation
B) discriminant function
C) discriminant factor
D) n-way ANOVA

Question 61

A multivariate interdependence technique that classifies individuals or objects into a small number of mutually exclusive and exhaustive groups is _____.

Question 62

The purpose of ______ analysis is to summarize information in a large number of variables into a smaller number of factors.

Question 63

Which of the following is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variance that is explained by the factors in factor analysis?

A) R²
B) variance inflation factor
C) partial correlation
D) communality

Question 64

If the researcher wants to classify objects into two mutually exclusive categories, the researcher should use ______ analysis.

Question 65

In cluster analysis, the researcher wants clusters to have high ______ within-clusters and high between-cluster ______.

A) independence; dependence
B) significance; insignificance
C) heterogeneity; homogeneity
D) homogeneity; heterogeneity

Question 66

______ predicts several dependent variables by using several independent variables.

Question 67

A statistical technique that measures objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects is _____.

Question 68

Statistical methods that permit the study of three or more variables at the same time are called ______ statistical analysis.

Question 69

Which mulitvariate technique groups observations based on similarity among measured variables?

A) regression
B) cluster analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) MANOVA

Question 70

A mathematical way of simplifying factor results is _____.

Question 71

An indication of how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor is given by the _____.

Question 72

The test used to test statistical significance by comparing variation explained by the regression equation to the residual error variation is the _____.

Question 73

_____ in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.

Question 74

Which mulitvariate techniques measures objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects?

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) structured dimensional modeling
D) relative positioning

Question 75

The two types of multivariate techniques are ______ methods and ______ methods.

Question 76

Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____.

Question 77

Multivariate techniques that try to group things together are known as ______ methods.

Question 78

A ______ variable has two distinct levels that are coded as 0 and 1.

Question 79

General Mills would like to "see" a picture of how its brands are perceived by consumers compared to competitive brands. Which statistical technique can measure brands in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgements of the similarity of the brands?

A) structural equations modeling
B) factor analysis
C) multidimensional scaling
D) partial positioning

Question 80

When an analysis studies the effect of several independent variables on a single dependent variable that is interval-scaled, this is called ______ analysis.