Deck 22: Diseases of the Airways

Question 1

Plate-like, discoid, and linear all describe what appearance of atelectasis?

A) Subsegmental
B) Round
C) Folded
D) Segmental

Answer 1

Subsegmental

Question 2

Collapse of a lung segment distal to a mucus plug is an example of __________ atelectasis.

A) resorptive
B) passive
C) adhesive
D) active

Answer 2

resorptive

Question 3

Which of the following types of atelectasis is likely to be present in a neonate afflicted with hyaline membrane disease?

A) Active
B) Adhesive
C) Obstructive
D) Compressive

Answer 3

Adhesive

Question 4

Chronic changes of tuberculosis in the lung apices may result in which of the following types of atelectasis?

A) Compressive
B) Relaxation
C) Adhesive
D) Cicatrization

Question 5

Chronic, irreversible dilation of bronchi observed in a patient with cystic fibrosis represents __________.

A) mucus plugging
B) connective tissue disease
C) bronchiectasis
D) interstitial fibrosis

Question 6

Which of the following types of bronchiectasis results in moderate bronchial dilatation with intervening constrictions, producing a "beaded" appearance?

A) Cylindrical
B) Tubular
C) Varicose
D) Saccular

Question 7

Which of the following lobes of the lungs would be the most likely location for bronchiectasis?

A) Right upper
B) Right middle
C) Left upper
D) Left lower

Question 8

Herniation of abdominal viscera through a ruptured diaphragm will result in which of the following types of atelectasis?

A) Resorptive
B) Adhesive
C) Obstructive
D) Passive

Question 9

Which of the following is the expected radiographic appearance of the lung between early acute episodes of bronchial asthma?

A) Radiodense lobe displaced superomedially
B) Accentuated interstitial markings
C) Hyperlucency of an entire hemithorax
D) No abnormal imaging findings

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common type of atelectasis?

A) Obstructive
B) Compressive
C) Adhesive
D) Cicatrization

Question 11

Which lobe is involved with atelectasis if on the lateral chest radiograph the minor and major fissures approximate one another?

A) Right upper
B) Right middle
C) Left upper
D) Lingular

Question 12

Collapse of the left lung may lead to migration of the gastric air bubble in which direction?

A) Cephalic
B) Caudal
C) Medial
D) Lateral

Question 13

Rounded atelectasis is associated with __________.

A) pleurisy
B) asbestos-related pleural disease
C) old lobar pneumonia
D) bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 14

Which of the following is not a type of atelectasis?

A) Obstructive
B) Adhesive
C) Active
D) Cicatrization

Question 15

Widespread, episodic, reversible narrowing of the airways resulting from smooth muscle spasm, mucosal edema, or excess mucus in the lumen of bronchi and bronchioles best characterizes __________.

A) extrinsic allergic alveolitis
B) cicatrization atelectasis
C) bronchiectasis
D) bronchial asthma

Question 16

If there was significant atelectasis of the right upper lobe, which way would the horizontal fissure shift?

A) It would shift cephalad.
B) It would shift caudad.
C) It would shift laterally.
D) It would shift posteriorly.

Question 17

Which of the following types of atelectasis is present in an emphasematous patient with a large bullae taking up space in the involved lung?

A) Cicatrization
B) Compressive
C) Active
D) Adhesive

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct sign of lobar atelectasis?

A) Elevation of the diaphragm
B) Mediastinal displacement
C) Approximation of the pulmonary vessels
D) Displacement of interlobular fissures

Question 19

Which of the following is the most typical cause of right upper lobe atelectasis in a 50-year-old patient?

A) Bronchogenic carcinoma
B) Broncholithiasis
C) Bronchiectasis
D) Bullous emphysema

Question 20

Which of the following pulmonary diseases usually has no, or minimal, radiographic features?

A) Bronchiectasis
B) Asthma
C) Pneumothorax
D) Emphysema

Question 21

Which of the following types of emphysema is most likely to appear in the upper lobes of the lungs of smokers?

A) Centrilobar
B) Panacinar
C) Paraseptal
D) Paracicatricial

Question 22

What region of the lung is characteristically involved with panacinar emphysema?

A) Apices
B) Middle lobe and lingula
C) Lower lobes
D) Perihilar

Question 23

Air within a bronchogenic cyst may follow __________.

A) infection
B) malignant conversion
C) air-space coalescence
D) atelectasis

Question 24

Which diagnostic imaging modality will provide greatest tissue resolution, allowing for better characterization of bronchiectasis?

A) Ventilation/perfusion scan
B) Computed tomography
C) Magnetic resonance imaging
D) Conventional tomography

Question 25

Chronic involvement with which of the following is not associated with developing bronchiectasis?

A) Infection
B) Inflammation
C) Congenital structural defects
D) Subsegmental atelectasis

Question 26

The retrosternal clear space in an emphysematous patient will measure greater than __________ cm from a point 3 cm below the sterna angle.

A) 0.5
B) 2.5
C) 4.5
D) 6.0

Question 27

Visualization of the posterior portion of the __________ rib above the right hemidiaphragm indicates air trapping and diaphragmatic flattening associated with emphysema.

A) 5th
B) 7th
C) 9th
D) 11th

Question 28

Which of the following is the most common type of bronchopulmonary sequestration?

A) Intralobar
B) Extralobar
C) Sublobar
D) Saccular

Question 29

Rupture of a bleb or bullae in an emphysematous patient may result in __________.

A) infection
B) hemothorax
C) pneumothorax
D) parenchymal hemorrhage

Question 30

The most common location for a congenital bronchogenic cyst is the __________.

A) lung parenchyma
B) lung hilum
C) mediastinum
D) ectopic

Question 31

With emphysema, parenchymal collections of air, measuring a few centimeters or more in size, resulting from advanced tissue destruction are known as __________.

A) bullae
B) blebs
C) aggregates
D) bronchogenic cysts

Question 32

Small interstitial collections of air, typically located peripherally and in a subpleural location are called __________.

A) bullae
B) blegs
C) bronchogenic cysts
D) aggregates

Question 33

Which of the following is the most common location for intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration?

A) Lung apices
B) Mediastinal
C) Right lower lung
D) Pericardial

Question 34

Which of the following is the most common location for extralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration?

A) Adjacent to the left diaphragm
B) Mediastinal
C) Pericardial
D) Retroperitoneal

Question 35

Which of the following is the most likely radiographic appearance of a bronchogenic cyst?

A) Patchy parenchymal radiopacity
B) Well defined mass
C) Thick-walled cavity
D) Solitary pulmonary nodule

Question 36

An individual born with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is most likely to develop which of the following types of emphysema?

A) Centrilobar
B) Panacinar
C) Distal acinar
D) Irregular

Question 37

Congenital malformation of the foregut, resulting in a portion of lung not connected to the tracheobronchial tree is known as __________.

A) bronchopulmonary sequestration
B) folded lung
C) bronchopulmonary atelectasis
D) Kartagener syndrome

Question 38

In bronchopulmonary sequestration, the sequestered segment of lung retains its embryonic __________.

A) innervation
B) systemic blood supply
C) airway connection
D) ectodermal derivatives

Question 39

Radiographs of a patient with breathlessness on exertion reveal flattened diaphragms, hyperlucency of the lungs, truncated lung vasculature, and increased intercostal spaces. Which of the following is most likely to be the underlying cause of this person's disease?

A) Smoking
B) Pneumonia
C) Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
D) Connective tissue disease

Question 40

Emphysema is defined as chronic dilatation of the air space distal to a(n) __________.

A) acinus
B) respiratory bronchiole
C) alveolar duct
D) terminal bronchiole