Deck 3: The Aquatic Environment

Question 1

The area lying between the water lines of high and low tide is referred to as the ________.

Answer 1

intertidal zone

Question 2

The region of the vertical depth profile where the temperature declines most rapidly is called the ________.

Answer 2

thermocline

Question 3

The ________ of water is the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of water one degree Celsius.

Answer 3

specific heat

Question 4

An underground layer of permeable,water-bearing substrate is known as a(n)________.

Question 5

The upper layer of warm,low-density water of an open body of water is called the ________.

Question 6

Aquatic organisms are unable to tolerate low pH conditions largely because acidic waters contain high concentrations of ________.

Question 7

Small animals,such as water striders and water spiders,can run across a pond's surface due to ________.

Question 8

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ________.

Question 9

A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a ________.

Question 10

The solubility of oxygen ________ as water warms.

Question 11

The total amount of evaporating water from the surfaces of the ground and vegetation is called ________.

Question 12

The physical movements of water caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon are called ________.

Question 13

The process by which water travels in a sequence from the air to Earth and returns to the atmosphere is referred to as the ________ cycle.

Question 14

The abundance of hydrogen ions in solution is a measure of ________.

Question 15

________ solutions are those that have a higher concentration of OH- (hydroxyl ions)than H+ ions.

Question 16

In the open ocean,concentrations of oxygen reach a minimum value of 500-1000 m,a region referred to as the oxygen ________.

Question 17

As sunlight passes through water,only ________ wavelengths are able to penetrate into deeper water.

Question 18

________ is the source of frictional resistance to objects moving through water.

Question 19

A region of ________ occurs where deep waters of the ocean move upward to the surface.

Question 20

The place where freshwater streams and rivers meet the sea and mix with saltwater is called a(n)________.

Question 21

A scientist measures the temperature of a lake at various depths and finds very little variation between temperatures at the surface and at the bottom of the lake.The temperature measurements were most likely taken in a

A)temperate lake during summer.
B)temperate lake during winter.
C)tropical lake during summer.
D)tropical lake during winter.

Question 22

The purest form of water containing the fewest solutes occurs in

A)clouds.
B)surface water.
C)groundwater.
D)precipitation.

Question 23

The primary ions that contribute to the salinity of ocean waters are

A)calcium and sodium.
B)sodium and chloride.
C)sodium and carbonate.
D)calcium and chloride.

Question 24

The density of water is greatest at

A)-4°C.
B)0°C.
C)4°C.
D)100°C.

Question 25

Water takes longer than air to warm up or cool off because of water's high

A)specific heat.
B)viscosity.
C)surface tension.
D)density.

Question 26

The primary sources of oxygen in a water body are the atmosphere and

A)decomposition.
B)evaporation.
C)photosynthesis.
D)respiration.

Question 27

About 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by

A)water.
B)bare ground.
C)forest.
D)grassland.

Question 28

The individual atoms of a water molecule are held together by

A)ionic bonds.
B)hydrogen bonds.
C)covalent bonds.
D)weak bonds.

Question 29

The evaporation of water from internal surfaces of leaves,stems,and other living parts of a plant is called

A)osmosis.
B)transpiration.
C)diffusion.
D)infiltration.

Question 30

Molecules spontaneously move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in a process known as

A)conduction.
B)solution.
C)evaporation.
D)diffusion.

Question 31

Most of Earth's water resides in

A)the oceans.
B)the polar ice caps and glaciers.
C)freshwater lakes,ponds,rivers,and streams.
D)groundwater.

Question 32

As light enters water,the last wavelengths absorbed are

A)red wavelengths.
B)yellow wavelengths.
C)green wavelengths.
D)blue wavelengths.

Question 33

The depth of a thermocline is directly influenced by all the following factors,except

A)wind speed.
B)wave action.
C)input of solar radiation.
D)influx of water.

Question 34

The upper layer of warm,less dense water is referred to as the

A)thermocline.
B)hypolimnion.
C)epilimnion.
D)benthic zone.

Question 35

Concentrations of solutes are greatest in

A)springs.
B)rivers.
C)lakes.
D)oceans.

Question 36

An organism that lives in a deep marine environment may exhibit all the following physical characteristics,except

A)large eyes.
B)bioluminescence.
C)colorful skin pigmentation.
D)streamlined body.

Question 37

Aquatic organisms generally require less structural support (e.g.,skeletons)due to water's high

A)specific heat.
B)buoyancy.
C)surface tension.
D)viscosity.

Question 38

In comparison with the epilimnion of a lake,the water of the hypolimnion is

A)warmer.
B)less dense.
C)cooler.
D)more oxygenated.

Question 39

The energy driving the global water cycle is provided by

A)wind.
B)tides.
C)rotation of the Earth on its axis.
D)solar energy.

Question 40

The streamlined body shape of many aquatic organisms that swim helps reduce frictional resistance caused by water's high

A)buoyancy.
B)viscosity.
C)surface tension.
D)density.

Question 41

Aquatic organisms are unable to tolerate low pH conditions mainly because acidic waters contain high concentrations of toxic

A)sodium.
B)chlorine.
C)aluminum.
D)carbon dioxide.

Question 42

Individual atoms within water molecules are held together by covalent bonds.

Question 43

In lakes and ponds of temperate latitudes,the upper and bottom layers of water usually turn over as water warms up during spring.

Question 44

The viscosity of water is less than the viscosity of air.

Question 45

Daily and seasonal fluctuations in temperature,salinity,and dissolved gases are most extreme in

A)the intertidal zone.
B)sandy beaches.
C)the estuary.
D)the open ocean.

Question 46

Saltwater has a higher concentration of solutes than freshwater.

Question 47

Salinity within an estuary is greatest in

A)surface water at high tide.
B)surface water at low tide.
C)deep water at high tide.
D)deep water at low tide.

Question 48

An aquifer refers to

A)an intermittent spring that flows during only part of the year.
B)a layer of water-bearing permeable rock,sand,or gravel.
C)any body of freshwater.
D)the cool,dense layer of water at the bottom of a body of water.

Question 49

A ________ tide occurs when the Moon and Sun are at right angles to the Earth.

A)low
B)high
C)spring
D)neap

Question 50

The rotation of Earth on its axis is the driving force behind the water cycle.

Question 51

Temperature fluctuates more in aquatic habitats than in terrestrial habitats.

Question 52

A high pH indicates a very acidic solution.

Question 53

Cold water contains more oxygen than warm water.

Question 54

Tides are strongest when the

A)body of water is very large.
B)Sun is setting.
C)Earth,Moon,and Sun are in line.
D)Moon and Sun are at right angles to the Earth.

Question 55

A solution with a pH of 3

A)is more alkaline than a solution with a pH of 2.
B)has a higher concentration of OH- than a solution with a pH of 4.
C)is neutral.
D)is more acidic than a solution with a pH of 3.5.

Question 56

The turnover rate of water is longer in the ocean than in the atmosphere.

Question 57

The density of seawater increases when

A)temperature and salinity decrease.
B)temperature and salinity increase.
C)temperature increases and salinity decreases.
D)temperature decreases and salinity increases.

Question 58

The thermocline is permanent in tropical bodies of water and seasonal in temperate bodies of water.

Question 59

During summer,the amount of oxygen in the water is greatest at the bottom of ponds and lakes.

Question 60

Of the visible light spectrum,blue wavelengths penetrate the deepest into water.

Question 61

Aquifers,like the High Plains Ogallala aquifer,provide a limitless supply of water.

Question 62

Salinity is higher in an estuary than in the ocean.

Question 63

The Sun has a stronger effect than the Moon on tides.

Question 64

Tides are highest and lowest during a spring tide,when the Sun and Moon are aligned with the Earth.

Question 65

Upwelling occurs in the equatorial waters of the ocean.

Question 66

Aluminum is toxic to many aquatic species.