Deck 3: The Aquatic Environment

Question 1

The upper layer of warm,low-density water of an open body of water is called the ________.

Answer 1

epilimnion

Question 2

The solubility of oxygen ________ as water warms.

Answer 2

decreases

Question 3

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ________.

Answer 3

diffusion

Question 4

________ is the source of frictional resistance to objects moving through water.

Question 5

Aquatic organisms are unable to tolerate low pH conditions largely because acidic waters contain high concentrations of ________.

Question 6

The area lying between the water lines of high and low tide is referred to as the ________.

Question 7

The region of the vertical depth profile where the temperature declines most rapidly is called the ________.

Question 8

A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a ________.

Question 9

In the open ocean,concentrations of oxygen reach a minimum value of 500-1000 m,a region referred to as the oxygen ________.

Question 10

The physical movements of water caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon are called ________.

Question 11

The place where freshwater streams and rivers meet the sea and mix with saltwater is called a(n)________.

Question 12

The total amount of evaporating water from the surfaces of the ground and vegetation is called ________.

Question 13

About 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by

A)water.
B)bare ground.
C)forest.
D)grassland.

Question 14

As sunlight passes through water,only ________ wavelengths are able to penetrate into deeper water.

Question 15

The abundance of hydrogen ions in solution is a measure of ________.

Question 16

The process by which water travels in a sequence from the air to Earth and returns to the atmosphere is referred to as the ________ cycle.

Question 17

________ solutions are those that have a higher concentration of OH- (hydroxyl ions)than H+ ions.

Question 18

A region of ________ occurs where deep waters of the ocean move upward to the surface.

Question 19

Small animals,such as water striders and water spiders,can run across a pond's surface due to ________.

Question 20

The ________ of water is the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of water one degree Celsius.

Question 21

As light enters water,the last wavelengths absorbed are

A)red wavelengths.
B)yellow wavelengths.
C)green wavelengths.
D)blue wavelengths.

Question 22

Aquatic organisms generally require less structural support (e.g.,skeletons)due to water's high

A)specific heat.
B)buoyancy.
C)surface tension.
D)viscosity.

Question 23

In a stream that flows over limestone you would predict there would be higher

A)solute concentrations.
B)temperatures.
C)flows.
D)biodiversity.

Question 24

The individual atoms of a water molecule are held together by

A)ionic bonds.
B)hydrogen bonds.
C)covalent bonds.
D)weak bonds.

Question 25

You are monitoring a section of a creek that has recently been logged.What would you predict about the change in the average water temperature in that section?

A)It would evaporate completely.
B)It would stay the same.
C)It would decrease.
D)It would increase.

Question 26

The streamlined body shape of many aquatic organisms that swim helps reduce frictional resistance caused by water's high

A)buoyancy.
B)viscosity.
C)surface tension.
D)density.

Question 27

The energy driving the global water cycle is provided by

A)wind.
B)tides.
C)rotation of the Earth on its axis.
D)solar energy.

Question 28

The evaporation of water from internal surfaces of leaves,stems,and other living parts of a plant is called

A)osmosis.
B)transpiration.
C)diffusion.
D)infiltration.

Question 29

Water takes longer than air to warm up or cool off because of water's high

A)specific heat.
B)viscosity.
C)surface tension.
D)density.

Question 30

You notice mayfly larvae trying to emerge from a stream being slowed down when they reach the surface.Why might this be?

A)Because of the surface tension of the water.
B)Because of the colder temperature at surface.
C)Because of less oxygen at the surface.
D)Because of higher flows at surface.

Question 31

A scientist measures the temperature of a lake at various depths and finds very little variation between temperatures at the surface and at the bottom of the lake.The temperature measurements were most likely taken in a

A)temperate lake during summer.
B)temperate lake during winter.
C)tropical lake during summer.
D)tropical lake during winter.

Question 32

In comparison with the epilimnion of a lake,the water of the hypolimnion is

A)warmer.
B)less dense.
C)cooler.
D)more oxygenated.

Question 33

The depth of a thermocline is directly influenced by all the following factors,except

A)wind speed.
B)wave action.
C)input of solar radiation.
D)influx of water.

Question 34

Most of Earth's water resides in

A)the oceans.
B)the polar ice caps and glaciers.
C)freshwater lakes,ponds,rivers,and streams.
D)groundwater.

Question 35

You are SCUBA diving in deep water and accidentally cut yourself.Your blood appears blue.Why?

A)Blue light is filtered out at this depth.
B)Your blood changes color due to the pressure at this depth.
C)Red light is filtered out at this depth.
D)Oxygen has been pressurized out of your blood at this depth.

Question 36

Why are fall and spring temperatures colder in deeper areas of lakes than they are in the winter?

A)Air temperatures are colder in the fall and spring.
B)There is a lag in time for the cold water to reach these depths.
C)Aquatic animals are more active in the winter.
D)Lake stratification causes colder water to sink in spring and fall.

Question 37

An organism that lives in a deep marine environment may exhibit all the following physical characteristics,except

A)large eyes.
B)bioluminescence.
C)colorful skin pigmentation.
D)streamlined body.

Question 38

The purest form of water containing the fewest solutes occurs in

A)clouds.
B)surface water.
C)groundwater.
D)precipitation.

Question 39

The density of water is greatest at

A)-4°C.
B)0°C.
C)4°C.
D)100°C.

Question 40

The upper layer of warm,less dense water is referred to as the

A)thermocline.
B)hypolimnion.
C)epilimnion.
D)benthic zone.

Question 41

Salinity within an estuary is greatest in

A)surface water at high tide.
B)surface water at low tide.
C)deep water at high tide.
D)deep water at low tide.

Question 42

The rotation of Earth on its axis is the driving force behind the water cycle.

Question 43

Concentrations of solutes are greatest in

A)springs.
B)rivers.
C)lakes.
D)oceans.

Question 44

Of the visible light spectrum,blue wavelengths penetrate the deepest into water.

Question 45

The viscosity of water is lower than the viscosity of air.

Question 46

Daily and seasonal fluctuations in temperature,salinity,and dissolved gases are most extreme in

A)the intertidal zone.
B)sandy beaches.
C)the estuary.
D)the open ocean.

Question 47

Temperature fluctuates more in aquatic habitats than in terrestrial habitats.

Question 48

In panel B of the figure,what might cause the Aragonite saturation state to begin increasing?

A)reduction in ocean acidification
B)increased ocean acidification
C)increase in CO₂ emissions
D)increased fish biodiversity

Question 49

What might make the winter profile for oxygen concentration in winter appear more like the fall profile?

A)a lack of ice formation on the surface and few decomposers at the lake bottom
B)ice formation on the surface and few decomposers at the lake bottom
C)a lack of ice formation on the surface and increased numbers of decomposers at the lake bottom
D)ice formation on the surface and increased numbers of decomposers at the lake bottom

Question 50

Tides are strongest when the

A)body of water is very large.
B)Sun is setting.
C)Earth,Moon,and Sun are in line.
D)Moon and Sun are at right angles to the Earth.

Question 51

The turnover rate of water is longer in the ocean than in the atmosphere.

Question 52

A ________ tide occurs when the Moon and Sun are at right angles to the Earth.

A)low
B)high
C)spring
D)neap

Question 53

Aquatic organisms are unable to tolerate low pH conditions mainly because acidic waters contain high concentrations of toxic

A)sodium.
B)chlorine.
C)aluminum.
D)carbon dioxide.

Question 54

The primary ions that contribute to the salinity of ocean waters are

A)calcium and sodium.
B)sodium and chloride.
C)sodium and carbonate.
D)calcium and chloride.

Question 55

How does an increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration result in increased ocean acidity?

A)CO₂ causes less oxygen to occur in oceans.
B)CO₂ transforms into H+ ions.
C)CO₂ reacts with water to form H₂CO₃.
D)Increased CO₂ causes increases in animal waste which result in more acidic conditions.

Question 56

A solution with a pH of 3

A)is more alkaline than a solution with a pH of 2.
B)has a higher concentration of OH- than a solution with a pH of 4.
C)is neutral.
D)is more acidic than a solution with a pH of 3.5.

Question 57

The primary sources of oxygen in a water body are the atmosphere and

A)decomposition.
B)evaporation.
C)photosynthesis.
D)respiration.

Question 58

Individual atoms within water molecules are held together by covalent bonds.

Question 59

Why do mountain streams have rocky bottoms?

A)Large amounts of snow reduce sediment erosion.
B)Cold temperatures reduce sediment accumulation
C)This is the result of a lack of sediment at high altitudes.
D)Steep gradients cause high velocity flows.

Question 60

Molecules spontaneously move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in a process known as

A)conduction.
B)solution.
C)evaporation.
D)diffusion.

Question 61

Upwelling occurs in the equatorial waters of the ocean.

Question 62

In lakes and ponds of temperate latitudes,the upper and bottom layers of water usually turn over as water warms up during spring.

Question 63

Salinity is higher in an estuary than in the ocean.

Question 64

The Sun has a stronger effect than the Moon on tides.

Question 65

Saltwater has a higher concentration of solutes than freshwater.

Question 66

Tides are highest and lowest during a spring tide,when the Sun and Moon are aligned with the Earth.

Question 67

Aluminum is toxic to many aquatic species.

Question 68

During summer,the amount of oxygen in the water is greatest at the bottom of ponds and lakes.

Question 69

The thermocline is permanent in tropical bodies of water and seasonal in temperate bodies of water.

Question 70

Cold water contains more oxygen than warm water.

Question 71

A high pH indicates a very acidic solution.