Deck 35: DNA Repair and Recombination

Question 1

Light-driven DNA damage results in ___________________.

Answer 1

thymine dimers

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ is/are involved in joining DNA molecules together.

Answer 2

b

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ is/are caused by expanded trinucleotide repeats.

Answer 3

c

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ is the process for correcting for base-pair mismatches without excising bases.

Question 5

The human genetic skin disease that is caused by a mutation in components of the human nucleotide-excision-repair pathway is called ___________________.

Question 6

E coli DNA polymerase III removes mismatched nucleotides from the ___________________.

Question 7

___________________ is the enzyme that converts polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into a reactive epoxide that alkylates the N-7 of guanine.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
An assay used to determine carcinogenic potential is the _______________ test.

Question 9

Proteins that contain a string of glutamines are likely to be involved in ___________________ disease.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ is/are often found to cause alternative structures in DNA replication.

Question 11

X-rays cause damage to DNA by inducing ___________________.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ is an enzyme that cleaves a glycosidic bond to release a damaged base.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ is a rare skin disease caused by the inability to correct for UV damage to skin DNA.

Question 14

___________________ are intermediates in recombination pathways composed of four polynucleotide chains in a cross-like structure.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ is/are typically involved in DNA repair.

Question 16

Replication errors are often corrected by proofreading and ___________________.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
The enzyme that uses light energy to form an excited state to cleave the dimer into individual bases is _______________.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) DNA ligase
c) Huntington disease
d) Ames
e) xeroderma pigmentosum
f) tumor-suppressor genes
g) trinucleotide repeats
h) skin carcinoma
i) mutagen
j) direct repair
k) indirect repair
l) photolyase
_______________ chemically changes the nature of a base in DNA.

Question 19

Hydroxyl radicals cause DNA damage by ___________________.

Question 20

A photoreactivating enzyme is called ___________________.

Question 21

Deamination of adenine causes what kind of mutations in DNA?

Question 22

How are breaks in DNA sealed that were formed during nucleotide-excision repair?

Question 23

Photolyase functions to:

A) repair pyrimidine dimers.
B) remove damaged bases.
C) ligate single-strand breaks.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 24

Describe the difficulties in dealing with halts in DNA replication.

Question 25

Huntington disease is caused by:

A) pyrimidine dimers.
B) trinucleotide expansion.
C) suppressor mutants.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 26

Exposure to aflatoxin B1 can lead to:

A) the expansion of repeats of three nucleotides.
B) DNA damage by alkylation.
C) the defective repair of DNA.
D) the recombination of DNA.
E) None of the above.

Question 27

Aflatoxin B1 is an example of a(n):

A) intercalating chemical.
B) alkylating agent.
C) base analog.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 28

Describe the difficulties in dealing with halts in DNA replication.

Question 29

Deamination of adenine causes what kind of mutations in DNA?

Question 30

What are the enzymes needed for base-excision repair?

Question 31

What are DNA adduct and how are they formed?

Question 32

An important feature(s) of the Ames test is/are:

A) the inclusion of mammalian liver enzymes.
B) a linear response curve.
C) that the bacteria used are unable to grow in the absence of arginine.
D) A and B.
E) A, B and C.

Question 33

The three-strand structure involved in strand invasion is:

A) the D-loop.
B) recombinase DNA.
C) an RNA triplet.
D) non-Watson-Crick pairing.
E) RecA

Question 34

What is DNA adduct and how is it formed?

Question 35

The process whereby two daughter molecules of DNA are formed by the exchange of genetic material between two parent molecules is known as:

A) chemical modification.
B) recombination.
C) alkylation.
D) dimerization.
E) None of the above.

Question 36

_________________ is an ATPase needed for DNA repair by recombination.

A) Polymerase III
B) RecA
C) RecB
D) RAD51
E) None of the above.

Question 37

Coli, mismatch repair involves:

A) recognition of mismatched pair by MutS.
B) removal of a mismatched nucleotide by DNA polymerase III.
C) cleavage of the backbone by MutH.
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C.

Question 38

Damage to DNA may result in:

A) cell death.
B) cell transformation.
C) changes in inherited sequences.
D) blockage of DNA replication.
E) All of the above.

Question 39

How are breaks in DNA sealed that were formed during nucleotide-excision repair?

Question 40

What are the enzymes needed for base-excision repair?

Question 41

What does the phrase "recombination of genetic material" refer to?

Question 42

Give examples of types of damage to DNA that have led to the development of a variety of DNA-repair systems.

Question 43

Describe the consequences of incorrect DNA replication or DNA damage.

Question 44

What does this mean?

Question 45

How is recombination used as a biochemical tool?

Question 46

How do double-strand breaks occur during replication?

Question 47

Name the types of DNA repair, categorized in groups.

Question 48

Why is thymine used in DNA instead of uracil?

Question 49

What role does the protein RAD51 play in recombination?

Question 50

Describe the Ames test.