Deck 33: The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are all major classes of _______________.

Answer 1

j

Question 2

The __________________ effect stabilizes the structure of DNA, resulting in more polar surfaces being exposed to the aqueous media.

Answer 2

hydrophobic

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
_______________: Form of DNA that exists under dehydrating conditions.

Answer 3

m

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
_______________ is the simple motif of RNA structure.

Question 5

There are approximately __________________ bases per turn of a B-DNA double helix.

Question 6

The nucleoside that is composed of a D-ribose linked to a cytosine base is called __________________.

Question 7

5` dAMP refers to __________________.

Question 8

The distribution of parental atoms in newly synthesized DNA is called __________________ replication.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
_______________: A transient copy of genetic information.

Question 10

Proteins that bind to DNA are rich the amino acids __________________ and __________________.

Question 11

Unwinding of naturally occurring plasmid, circular DNA results in __________________.

Question 12

A nitrogen containing an aromatic base attached to a ribose is a __________________.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
The ____________ form is more accessible for interactions with proteins.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
The scientist who provided data for Watson and Crick's model of DNA is _______________.

Question 15

__________________ is a left-handed double helix.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
The axis of a double helix can be twisted by a mechanism called _______________.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
The stable genetic information passed on from one generation to the next is _______________.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
DNA can exist in both linear and _______________ forms.

Question 19

The nature of replication was determined using DNA labeled with nitrogen isotopes and _____________________.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) supercoiling
b) DNA
c) 5` → 3`
d) circular
e) stem loop
f) B-DNA
g) retroviruses
h) exon
i) Erwin Chargaff
j) histones
k) RNA
l) Rosalind Franklin
m) A-DNA
n) 3` → 5`
The base sequence, as written by convention, is in the _______________ direction.

Question 21

How does a nucleotide differ from a nucleoside?

A) Nucleosides are found in DNA, whereas nucleotides are found in RNA.
B) Purines are only found in nucleotides.
C) Nucleosides contain only deoxyribose sugars.
D) A nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate ester linked to the sugar .
E) None of the above.

Question 22

The shorthand notation pApCpG denotes that:

A) a phosphate is attached to the 5` of the adenosine nucleotide unit.
B) a phosphate is attached to the 3` of the guanine nucleotide unit.
C) the cytosine nucleotide has a free hydroxyl group.
D) A and C.
E) All of the above.

Question 23

Describe the structure of chromatin.

Question 24

The chemical forces that contribute to the stability of the DNA due to the base stacking present in the DNA helix are:

A) hydrogen bonds.
B) van der Waals interactions.
C) disulfide bonds.
D) C and C.
E) None of the above.

Question 25

The feature(s) of DNA deduced by Watson and Crick include:

A) two antiparallel polynucleotide chains coiled in a helix around a common axis.
B) that the pyrimidine and purine bases lie on the inside of the helix.
C) that the bases are nearly perpendicular to the axis.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 26

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative

Question 27

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

Question 28

What is the approximate error rate in DNA replication?

A) 1 x10−8
B) 1 x 10−6
C) 1 x 10−15
D) 1 x 10−10
E) None of the above.

Question 29

The anticancer drug cisplatin disrupts:

A) histone binding to DNA.
B) supercoiling of DNA.
C) chromatin-DNA binding.
D) replication and transcription.
E) None of the above.

Question 30

The form of DNA that is the narrowestbut having the longest pitch per turn of helix is the:

A) A form
B) B form
C) C form
D) Z form
E) None of the above.

Question 31

After two generations of replication in the Meselson and Stahl experiment, what was the composition of the two bands?

A) One band was all 14N and one band was all 15N.
B) One band was all 14N and one band was half 14N and half 15N.
C) One band was all 15N and one band was half 14N and half 15N.
D) One band was all 14N and one band was one quarter 14N and three quarters 15N.
E) One band was all 15N and one band was one quarter 14N and three quarters 15N.

Question 32

Unwinding prior to ligation results in:

A) relaxed DNA.
B) a wider major groove.
C) negative supercoiling.
D) positive supercoiling.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

The process of rehybridizing melted DNA is called:

A) denaturation.
B) Tm.
C) annealing.
D) dehybridization.
E) replication.

Question 34

RNA:

A) is oxygenated on the 2` of ribose.
B) can form non-Watson-Crick base pairings.
C) uses metals to stabilize folding.
D) may form triplet base pairings.
E) All of the above.

Question 35

How many different sequence possibilities are there for a DNA polymer that is 10 bases long?

A) 262,13232
B) 320
C) 32,000
D) 1,048,576
E) 100,000

Question 36

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

Question 37

Draw two nucleotides in DNA, showing the linkage between the sugars.

Question 38

Replication takes place in which manner?

A) conservative
B) random
C) semiconservative
D) N-linked
E) None of the above.

Question 39

The difference in RNA bases compared to DNA bases is:

A) RNA contains A instead of T.
B) RNA contains U instead of G.
C) RNA contains U instead of T.
D) RNA contains A instead of U.
E) None of the above.

Question 40

The temperature at which half of the DNA helical structure is lost is called the:

A) denaturation temperature.
B) Tm.
C) annealing temperature.
D) dehybridization temperaure.
E) Replication temperature.

Question 41

Describe, in simple terms, the hallmarks of DNA structure.

Question 42

What are topoisomers of DNA?

Question 43

Why is there a major and a minor groove in DNA?

Question 44

What role does a nucleosome play in DNA structure?

Question 45

Compare and contrast the three forms of DNA with respect to handedness and hydration state.