Deck 11: Atomic Nature of Matter

Question 1

Which of the following is not a mixture?

A)granite
B)cake
C)air
D)beach sand
E)None.All of the above choices are mixtures.

Answer 1

None.All of the above choices are mixtures.

Question 2

Which of these atoms has the most mass?

A)hydrogen
B)iron
C)lead
D)uranium
E)All have the same mass.

Answer 2

uranium

Question 3

An atomic mass unit (amu)is 1/12 the mass of

A)an electron.
B)a proton.
C)a hydrogen atom.
D)a carbon atom.
E)a uranium atom.

Answer 3

a carbon atom.

Question 4

Solid matter is mostly empty space.The reason solids don't fall through one another is because

A)atoms are constantly vibrating,even at absolute zero.
B)of nuclear forces.
C)of gravitational forces.
D)of electrical forces.
E)none of these

Question 5

What makes an element distinct?

A)the number of protons
B)the number of neutrons
C)the number of electrons
D)the total mass of all the particles
E)none of these

Question 6

How many different elements are in a water molecule?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)none

Question 7

Which of these statements is true?

A)A molecule is the smallest particle that exists.
B)Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules.
C)Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance.
D)Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance.
E)None of these statements is true.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

A)An atom is the smallest particle known to exist.
B)There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances.
C)There are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances.
D)A large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope.
E)None of these statements are true.

Question 9

A molecule has

A)mass.
B)structure.
C)energy.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 10

Atoms heavier than helium were made by

A)photosynthesis.
B)thermonuclear fusion.
C)radiant energy conversion.
D)radioactivity.
E)none of these

Question 11

Which of the following is not a compound?

A)air
B)ammonia
C)water
D)salt
E)All are compounds.

Question 12

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world,we would

A)be able to see individual atoms.
B)be able to photograph individual atoms,even though we couldn't see them.
C)still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

Question 13

Which of the following are electrically neutral?

A)proton
B)neutron
C)electron
D)ion
E)none of these

Question 14

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?

A)gold.
B)mercury.
C)lead.
D)silver.

Question 15

In an electrically neutral atom,the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of

A)neutrons.
B)quarks.
C)orbital electrons.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 16

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a(n)

A)friction force.
B)nuclear force.
C)gravitational force.
D)electrical force.
E)none of these

Question 17

Brownian motion has to do with the

A)size of atoms.
B)atomic vibrations.
C)first direct measurement of atomic motion.
D)random motions of atoms and molecules.
E)rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid.

Question 18

The smallest particle of those listed below is

A)a molecule.
B)an atom.
C)a proton.
D)a neutron.
E)a quark.

Question 19

There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of

A)a large auditorium.
B)a large city.
C)the United States.
D)the whole world.
E)none of these

Question 20

The air in this room has

A)mass.
B)weight.
C)energy.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 21

What is the molecular mass of a water molecule?

A)10 amu
B)12 amu
C)15 amu
D)18 amu
E)None of these.It depends on the temperature.

Question 22

The weight of matter comes mostly from its

A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)neutrons

Question 23

The reason a granite block is mostly empty space is that the atoms in the granite are

A)in perpetual motion.
B)mostly empty space themselves.
C)held together by electrical forces.
D)not as close together as they could be.
E)invisible.

Question 24

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter,the amount of mass to survive is

A)1 gram.
B)999 grams.
C)1 kilogram.
D)1)1 kilogram.

Question 25

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine,energy is

A)taken in by the reaction.
B)given off by the reaction.
C)not involved.

Question 26

Compared to the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water,the amount of energy given off when they recombine is

A)slightly more.
B)slightly less.
C)much more.
D)much less.
E)the same.

Question 27

If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus,the result is

A)nitrogen.
B)carbon.
C)helium.
D)neon.
E)positively charged oxygen.

Question 28

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere,then we probably breathe one of those atoms with each

A)single breath.
B)day.
C)month.
D)ten years.
E)It depends - some people still breathe a few of Caesar's atoms every day,while others wouldn't breathe one for an entire year.

Question 29

The chemical properties of matter come mostly from its

A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)neutrons.

Question 30

In a closed bottle are a certain number of hydrogen molecules.In an identical closed bottle at the same temperature and internal pressure are a certain number of nitrogen molecules.The bottle with the greater number of molecules is the one containing

A)hydrogen.
B)nitrogen.
C)both the same

Question 31

In our part of the universe,antimatter is

A)non-existent.
B)plentiful.
C)short-lived.
D)long-lived.

Question 32

A positron orbiting an antiproton would make up an atom of

A)positronium.
B)unobtainium.
C)anti-helium.
D)anti-hydrogen.
E)none of these

Question 33

If an astronaut landed on a planet made of antimatter,there would be an explosion and

A)the planet would annihilate.
B)an amount of planet matter equal to that of the astronaut would annihilate.
C)the astronaut would annihilate.
D)the astronaut and an equal amount of the planet would both annihilate.

Question 34

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom,the mass of an oxygen atom is

A)8 times as great.
B)12 times as great.
C)16 times as great.
D)appreciably more than 16 times as great.

Question 35

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in

A)the mother's womb.
B)the food the mother eats before giving birth.
C)ancient stars.
D)the Earth.
E)none of these

Question 36

If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus,the result is

A)heavy oxygen.
B)fluorine.
C)neon.
D)sodium.
E)nitrogen.

Question 37

To change mercury into gold,a pair of protons must be

A)removed from the mercury nucleus.
B)added to the mercury nucleus.
C)removed from the gold nucleus
D)added to the gold nucleus.
E)None of the above is true.

Question 38

The volume of matter comes mostly from its

A)protons.
B)electrons.
C)neutrons

Question 39

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person,the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

A)newer.
B)actually older.
C)the same age.

Question 40

If a pair of helium nuclei are fused together,the result is

A)helium isotope.
B)lithium.
C)beryllium.
D)boron.
E)carbon.

Question 41

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when there is an electric current through it?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)But protons will have to be subtracted,not added.

Question 42

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons?

A)helium
B)carbon
C)iron
D)gold
E)uranium

Question 43

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus?

A)helium
B)carbon
C)iron
D)gold
E)uranium

Question 44

If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus,the result is

A)hydrogen.
B)boron.
C)lithium.
D)beryllium.
E)helium.