Deck 6: Momentum

Question 1

When you are in the way of a fast-moving object and can't get out of its way,you will suffer a smaller force of impact if you decrease its momentum over a

A)long time.
B)short time.
C)same way either way

Answer 1

long time.

Question 2

A rifle recoils while firing a bullet.The speed of the rifle's recoil is small because the

A)force against the rifle is smaller than against the bullet.
B)momentum is mainly concentrated in the bullet.
C)rifle has much more mass than the bullet.
D)momentum of the rifle is smaller.

Answer 2

rifle has much more mass than the bullet.

Question 3

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to

A)momentum.
B)the change in momentum it produces.
C)the force multiplied by the distance the force acts.
D)velocity multiplied by time.

Answer 3

the change in momentum it produces.

Question 4

A car traveling along the highway needs a certain amount of force exerted on it to stop it in a certain distance.More stopping force is required when the car has

A)more mass.
B)more momentum.
C)less stopping distance.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 5

Suppose that a tiny gun made of a strong but very light material fires a bullet that is more massive than the gun itself.For such a weapon

A)the target would be safer than the shooter.
B)recoil problems would be lessened.
C)conservation of energy would not hold.
D)conservation of momentum would not hold.
E)both conservation of energy and momentum would not hold.

Question 6

A large heavy truck and a small baby carriage roll down a hill.Neglecting friction,at the bottom of the hill,the baby carriage will have a greater

A)speed.
B)acceleration.
C)momentum.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 7

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum.If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass,its momentum is

A)zero.
B)doubled.
C)quadrupled.
D)unchanged.

Question 8

The impulse-momentum relationship is a direct result of

A)Newton's 1st law.
B)Newton's 2nd law.
C)Newton's 3rd law.
D)Newton's 4th law.

Question 9

The force on an apple hitting the ground depends upon

A)the speed of the apple just before it hits.
B)the time of impact with the ground.
C)whether or not the apple bounces.
D)all of these

Question 10

The conservation of momentum is most closely related to

A)Newton's 1st law.
B)Newton's 2nd law.
C)Newton's 3rd law.
D)Newton's 4th law

Question 11

Two objects have the same size and shape,but one is much heavier than the other.When they are dropped simultaneously from a tower,they reach the ground at the same time,but the heavier one has a greater

A)speed.
B)acceleration.
C)momentum.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 12

A 4 kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg m/s.What is the ball's speed?

A)3 m/s
B)4 m/s
C)12 m/s
D)48 m/s
E)none of these

Question 13

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than nonpadded ones because an occupant hitting the dash has

A)increased time of impact.
B)decreased time of impact.
C)decreased impulse.
D)increased momentum.

Question 14

Recoil is noticeable if we throw a heavy ball while standing on roller skates.If instead we go through the motions of throwing the ball but hold onto it,our net recoil will be

A)zero.
B)the same as before.
C)small,but noticeable.

Question 15

When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground.By doing this,you make the time of the impact about 10 times as great as for a stiff-legged landing.In this way the average force your body experiences is

A)less than 1/10 as great.
B)more than 1/10 as great.
C)about 1/10 as great.
D)about 10 times as great.

Question 16

To catch a ball,a baseball player extends the hand forward before impact with the ball and then lets it ride backward in the direction of the ball's motion.Doing this reduces the force of impact on the player's hand principally because the

A)force of impact is reduced.
B)relative velocity is less.
C)time of impact is increased.
D)time of impact is decreased.
E)none of these

Question 17

Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to the Earth's surface?

A)a tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls
B)a pickup truck speeding along a highway
C)a Mack truck parked in a parking lot
D)the Science building on campus
E)a dog running down the street

Question 18

A ball is moving at 3 m/s and has a momentum of 48 kg m/s.What is the ball's mass?

A)4 kg
B)12 kg
C)16 kg
D)144 kg
E)none of these

Question 19

Compared to falling on a stone floor,a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpeted floor because the

A)carpeted floor provides a smaller impulse.
B)stopping time is shorter on the carpet.
C)stopping time is longer on the carpet.
D)carpet provides a smaller impulse and a longer time.

Question 20

A bullet is fired from a gun.The speed of the bullet will be about the same as the speed of the recoiling gun

A)because momentum is conserved.
B)because velocity is conserved.
C)because both velocity and momentum are conserved.
D)if the mass of the bullet equals the mass of the gun.
E)none of these

Question 21

A large metal ball is shot from a cannon with a short barrel.If the same ball were to be shot from cannon with a longer barrel,its muzzle velocity would be

A)less.
B)more.
C)the same.
D)impossible to determine without additional information.

Question 22

A piece of putty moving with 1 unit of momentum strikes and sticks to a heavy bowling ball that is initially at rest.After the putty sticks to the ball,both move with a combined momentum of

A)less than 1 unit.
B)more than 1 unit.
C)1 unit.
D)not enough information

Question 23

A 1-N apple falls to the ground.The apple hits the ground with an impact force of about

A)1 N.
B)2 N.
C)4 N.
D)9)8 N.
E)not enough information given to say

Question 24

A heavy truck and a small car rolling down a hill at the same speed are forced to stop in the same amount of time.Compared to the force that stops the car,the force needed to stop the truck is

A)greater.
B)smaller.
C)the same.

Question 25

A karate expert executes a swift blow and breaks a cement block with her bare hand.The magnitude of the force experienced by her hand is

A)zero.
B)less than the force applied to the cement block.
C)identical to the force applied to the block.
D)more than the force applied to the block.
E)impossible to predict without additional information.

Question 26

A 5-kg fish swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish at rest.The speed of the larger fish after this lunch is

A)1/2 m/s.
B)2/5 m/s.
C)5/6 m/s.
D)6/5 m/s.
E)1 m/s.

Question 27

You're driving down the highway and a bug spatters into your windshield.Which undergoes the greater change in momentum during the time of contact?

A)the bug
B)your car
C)both the same

Question 28

A fan attached to an ice sailcraft stalled on a windless day blows air into the sail that bounces backward upon impact.The boat can

A)then move in the direction of the wind impact force.
B)not move by this wind impact.
C)then move,but in the opposite direction of the wind impact force.

Question 29

Compared to the force that brings a small car to a stop,the force required to bring a heavy truck to a stop

A)is less.
B)is more.
C)is the same.
D)impossible to determine without additional information

Question 30

Momentum is transferred to the ground when an apple falls on it.The momentum absorbed by the ground is

A)negligible compared to the momentum of the apple.
B)greater than that of the apple only if the apple bounces.
C)greater than that of the apple in all cases.
D)none of these

Question 31

Which would produce more force: driving into a very massive concrete wall with no "give," or having a head-on collision at the same speed with an identical car moving toward you with the same speed?

A)car
B)wall
C)both the same
D)impossible to predict without additional information

Question 32

A 5-kg shark swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish swimming toward it at 4 m/s.The speed of the shark after this meal is

A)1/2 m/s.
B)1/5 m/s.
C)1/6 m/s.
D)2/3 m/s.
E)3/2 m/s.

Question 33

If all people,animals,trains and trucks all over the world began to walk or run towards the east,then the

A)Earth would spin a bit faster.
B)Earth would spin a bit slower.
C)Earth's spin would not be affected at all.

Question 34

Two billiard balls having the same mass and speed roll toward each other.What is their combined momentum after they meet?

A)0
B)half the sum of their original momentums
C)twice the sum of their original momentums
D)impossible to determine without additional information

Question 35

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball that is initially at rest on a frictionless surface.The speed of the putty thereafter is

A)1/4 m/s.
B)1/5 m/s.
C)1/6 m/s.
D)impossible to solve with the information given.

Question 36

A rifle of mass 2 kg is suspended by strings.The rifle fires a bullet of mass 0.01 kg at a speed of 200 m/s.The recoil velocity of the rifle is about

A)0)001 m/s.
B)0)01 m/s.
C)0)1 m/s.
D)1 m/s.
E)none of these

Question 37

A 1000-kg car moving at 10 m/s brakes to a stop in 5 s.The average braking force is

A)1000 N.
B)2000 N.
C)3000 N.
D)4000 N.
E)5000 N.

Question 38

The force that accelerates a rocket in outer space is exerted on the rocket by the

A)rocket's nose cone.
B)rocket's wings.
C)atmospheric pressure.
D)exhaust gases.
E)none of these

Question 39

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest.The bowling ball and putty then move with a momentum of

A)0 kg m/s.
B)1 kg m/s.
C)2 kg m/s.
D)5 kg m/s.
E)more than 5 kg m/s.

Question 40

According to the impulse-momentum equation Ft = change in (mv),a person will suffer less injury falling on a wooden floor which "gives" than on a more rigid cement floor.The "F" in the above equation stands for the force exerted on the

A)only the person.
B)only the floor.
C)either the force on the person or the force on the floor
D)the sum of the force on the person and the force on the floor

Question 41

A bungee jumper attains a speed of 30 m/s just as the bungee cord begins to stretch.If the period of stretch is 2 s,the magnitude of the jumper's average deceleration is about

A)0)5 g.
B)g)
C)1)5 g.
D)2 g.
E)none of these

Question 42

A 5000-kg freight car runs into a 10,000-kg freight car at rest.They couple upon collision and move with a speed of 2 m/s.What was the initial speed of the 5000-kg car?

A)4 m/s
B)5 m/s
C)6 m/s
D)8 m/s
E)none of these

Question 43

A 5000-kg freight car moving at 2 m/s runs into a 10,000-kg freight car at rest.They couple upon collision and move away as one body at

A)2 m/s.
B)1 m/s.
C)2/3 m/s.
D)1/3 m/s.

Question 44

A golf ball moving forward with 1 unit of momentum strikes and bounces backward off a heavy bowling ball that is initially at rest and free to move.The bowling ball is set in motion with a momentum of

A)less than 1 unit.
B)more than 1 unit.
C)1 unit.
D)not enough information

Question 45

Two identical gliders slide toward each other on an air track.One moves at 1 m/s and the other at 2 m/s.They collide and stick.The combined mass moves at

A)1/2 m/s.
B)1/3 m/s.
C)1/6 m/s.
D)3/4 m/s.
E)1)5 m/s.

Question 46

If a monkey floating in outer space throws his hat away,the hat and the monkey will both

A)move away from each other,but at different speeds.
B)move away from each other at the same speed.
C)move a short distance and then slow down.
D)move a short distance and then go faster.
E)come to a stop after a few minutes.

Question 47

A sandbag is motionless in outer space.A second sandbag with 3 times the mass moving at 12 m/s collides with it.They stick together and move at a speed of

A)3 m/s.
B)4 m/s.
C)6 m/s.
D)8 m/s.
E)none of these

Question 48

Consider massive gliders that slide friction-free along a horizontal air track.Glider A has a mass of 1 kg,a speed of 1 m/s,and collides with Glider B that has a mass of 5 kg and is at rest.If they stick upon collision,their speed after collision will be

A)1/4 m/s.
B)1/5 m/s.
C)1/6 m/s.
D)1 m/s.
E)none of these

Question 49

The change in momentum,in kg m/s,that occurs when a 1.0 kg ball travelling at 4.0 m/s strikes a wall and bounces back at 2.0 m/s is

A)2)
B)4)
C)6)
D)8)

Question 50

A 1-kg glider and a 2-kg glider both slide toward each other at 1 m/s on an air track.They collide and stick.The combined mass moves at

A)0 m/s.
B)1/2 m/s.
C)1/3 m/s.
D)1/6 m/s.
E)1)5 m/s.

Question 51

A 1000-kg car moving at 10 m/s brakes to a stop in 5 s.The average braking force is

A)1000 N.
B)2000 N.
C)4000 N.
D)5000 N.

Question 52

An astronaut ,floating alone in outer space,throws a baseball.If the ball floats away at a speed of 20 meters per second,the astronaut will

A)move in the opposite direction at a speed of 20 m/s.
B)move in the opposite direction,but at a lower speed.
C)move in the opposite direction but at a higher speed.
D)not move as stated in any of the above choices.