Deck 12: Putting It All Together: Maximizing Validity With Multi-Method and Highly Creative Research

Question 1

According to Table 12.1 in the text,which research method is most likely to meet (at least moderately well)all three goals of generalizability to people,generalizability to situations,and precision?

A)laboratory experiment
B)population survey
C)correlational study
D)quasi-experiment

Answer 1

quasi-experiment

Question 2

_____ research usually offers clear consensus on the type of questions that interest researchers in the field.

A)Basic
B)Applied
C)Experimental
D)Cross-cultural

Answer 2

Applied

Question 3

In Anderson & Dill's (2000)study on video game aggression,the "noise blasts" that participants administered to opponents in the laboratory were measured.These findings,typical of those found in laboratory experiments,were ____ but lack______.

A)internally valid;construct validity
B)externally valid;precision
C)precise;external validity
D)precise;internal validity

Answer 3

precise;external validity

Question 4

Thornhill et al.(2003)had male participants judge how "sexy" the worn t-shirts of female participants' smelled.This study can reasonably be classified using two different research designs.What are they?

A)quasi-experimental and correlational
B)experimental and quasi-experimental
C)naturalistic and archival
D)correlational and survey

Question 5

Three separate studies were discussed in the text that allowed the program of research on video game aggression to tackle the three-horned dilemma.Which was NOT one of the methods discussed?

A)population survey
B)laboratory experiment
C)quasi-experiment
D)census

Question 6

Melanie is conducting a laboratory experiment that she hopes will support her theory that false memories are fairly easy to create.She asks college students to memorize a list of words and then complete an interference task.She finds that a significant number of participants report remembering words they were not asked to memorize.Which type of validity does her study most likely lack?

A)construct validity
B)theoretical validity
C)internal validity
D)external validity

Question 7

What type of researcher would be most likely to make use of a population survey?

A)a clinical psychologist
B)a neuropsychologist
C)a cognitive psychologist
D)a public policy researcher

Question 8

The Deese,Roediger,& McDermott (DRM)paradigm is often used by cognitive psychologists for what reason?

A)As a tool for experimental precision
B)To create and study false memories
C)To understand the mechanisms underlying memory processes
D)All of these

Question 9

3____ can typically solve the problem of the three-horned dilemma.

A)meta-analysis
B)multi-method approach
C)laboratory experiment
D)within-subjects design

Question 10

By focusing on the person variable of gender in their research on violent versus non-violent video games,Bartholow and Anderson (2002)chose to employ which type of design?

A)quasi-experimental
B)observational
C)experimental
D)naturalistic

Question 11

Why did researchers interested in the DRM paradigm choose to study people who believed they had been abducted by aliens?

A)To show that self-perceived victims of alien abductions possess hypermemory
B)To show that it is impossible to create false memories in the laboratory
C)To strengthen the generalizability of the DRM paradigm
D)To show that it is easy to create false memories of alien abduction in the laboratory

Question 12

It is important to look at how research studies generalize to situations because:

A)people are the same,but situations are not
B)a study that does not generalize to different situations lacks internal validity
C)laboratory settings are artificial and not necessarily representative of the real world
D)doing so can rule out the third-variable problem

Question 13

Miller et al.(2007)studied the amount of tips that exotic dancers received based on where the dancers were in their fertility cycles.They made separate comparisons for dancers whose hormones were artificially regulated with birth control pills.What type of procedure did this require?

A)matching
B)median split
C)patching
D)random assignment

Question 14

How do all of the laboratory studies on evolutionary psychology discussed in the textbook help us generalize to situations outside of the lab?

A)Men were trained to pick up on ovulatory signals from women in the lab and used the knowledge in the real world.
B)They showed that humans do not respond to ovulatory cues.
C)They showed that men respond to ovulatory cues but women cannot pick up on them.
D)They all brought something that occurs in the real world into the lab.

Question 15

In the Correll et al.(2002)experiment on racial bias and shooting decisions (using a video game),college students were more likely to shoot unarmed Black suspects than unarmed White suspects.Police officers who took part in this experiment did not show exactly the same tendency as college students.What statement can you make about this finding?

A)Research with college students provides no benefits to this field.
B)You must be careful about generalizing findings about racial biases to other groups.
C)The data from police officers had lower internal validity than the data from college students.
D)Police officers are largely immune to racial bias.

Question 16

It can be argued that research on implicit racial bias has not fully embraced the multi-method approach.Why is this?

A)The majority of the research revolves around archival records.
B)Most research focuses on college students in artificial situations.
C)No one has come up with a good operational definition of "race."
D)The three-horned dilemma does not apply to this field.

Question 17

What is the primary problem that researchers face with the "three-horned dilemma"?

A)Maximizing one desirable dimension often leads to deficits on one or two others.
B)It is impossible to maximize any of the dimensions.
C)A study cannot be both precise and generalizable to situations.
D)Naturalistic observations are never precise.

Question 18

According to Table 12.1 in the text,which lists research methods and their goals,what method would you most likely choose to increase the chances of generalizing a laboratory finding to other groups of people?

A)Conduct a population survey.
B)Conduct a second laboratory experiment.
C)Conduct a correlational study.
D)Conduct a quasi-experiment.

Question 19

Miller et al.(2007)found that exotic dancers received an average of $15 more in tips per hour on the days on which they were at their highest fertility levels compared with days when they were at their lowest levels.Compared with laboratory experiments on evolutionary psychology,what advantages does this study have?

A)It maintained some level of precision while greatly increasing both forms of generalizability.
B)The use of tipping as a dependent variable increased levels of internal validity.
C)It allowed researchers to control the independent variable in ways that were impossible in the lab.
D)It disproved previous findings on the topic that were conducted in the laboratory.

Question 20

According to McGrath's (1982)"three-horned dilemma," research varies on all of the following dimensions EXCEPT:

A)generalizability to operations
B)generalizability to situations
C)generalizability to people
D)precision