Deck 30: Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Question 1

The condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere and subsequent transfer to the ocean via precipitation is an example of a(n)

A) cycle.
B) system.
C) method.
D) hypothesis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Rivers are part of which component of the Earth System?

A) geosphere
B) hydrosphere
C) biosphere
D) atmosphere

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The interconnected web of interacting materials and processes on the Earth is known as the

A) tectonic cycle.
B) geosphere.
C) hydrosphere.
D) Earth system.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The _____________ is the division of geologic time that ended 541 million years ago.

A) Precambrian
B) Phanerozoic
C) Paleozoic
D) Cenozoic

Question 5

____________ is a subdiscipline of geoscience that involves the study of rocks and their formation.

A) Petrology
B) Mineralogy
C) Volcanology
D) Paleontology

Question 6

What is the study of the Earth called?

A) biology
B) chemistry
C) geology
D) physics

Question 7

From center to surface,our planet has the following layers:

A) core-crust-mantle.
B) core-mantle-crust.
C) crust-mantle-core.
D) mantle-core-crust.

Question 8

The subdiscipline of geology that is concerned with landscape formation and evolution is called which of the following?

A) geomorphology
B) geochemistry
C) petrology
D) seismology

Question 9

The theory that describes the movement of the Earth's crust and the consequences of that movement is called

A) plate tectonics.
B) expanding Earth theory.
C) geophysical flux.
D) geologic time.

Question 10

The Earth is _______ years old.

A) 4.56 million
B) 4.56 billion
C) 13.8 billion
D) 14.5 billion

Question 11

What is the main source of external energy to the Earth System?

A) gravity
B) convection
C) radioactive decay
D) the Sun

Question 12

Glaciers are part of which component of the Earth System?

A) geosphere
B) cryosphere
C) biosphere
D) atmosphere

Question 13

The geosphere includes all of the following EXCEPT the

A) mantle.
B) crust.
C) cryosphere.
D) core.

Question 14

The _____________ is the semirigid layer of the Earth that encompasses the crust and uppermost portion of the mantle.

A) lithosphere
B) asthenosphere
C) geosphere
D) mesosphere

Question 15

Which of the following newsworthy topics is LEAST related to an aspect of geology?

A) a major earthquake in Turkey
B) the eruption of a volcano in Mexico
C) the collapse of a building in New York
D) a mudslide in Santa Barbara,California

Question 16

Which source of energy is MOST likely responsible for plate tectonic movements?

A) gravity
B) internal energy
C) external energy
D) potential energy

Question 17

Groundwater is part of which realm?

A) geosphere
B) hydrosphere
C) biosphere
D) atmosphere

Question 18

________ is/are driven by heat within the Earth.Plate movement is a good example.

A) Gravity
B) Internal processes
C) External processes
D) Kinetic energy

Question 19

The ______________ is a soft layer of the upper mantle.

A) lithosphere
B) asthenosphere
C) geosphere
D) mesosphere

Question 20

____________ is a subdiscipline of geoscience that involves the study of the physical properties,structure,and chemical behavior of minerals.

A) Petrology
B) Mineralogy
C) Volcanology
D) Paleontology

Question 21

Scientists use the scientific method to guide their work.List the steps used in the scientific method.

Question 22

Where does geologic discovery take place? Where do geologists typically work?

Question 23

Describe some of the reasons a person might want to study geology.

Question 24

Geology is a synthesis of many sciences.Explain why this is true.

Question 25

Scientists guide their work using a sequence of steps for systematically analyzing scientific problems in a way that leads to verifiable results.This sequence is called the

A) elemental method.
B) scientific method.
C) hypothesis.
D) theory.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is MOST true of a scientific theory?

A) Theory is a scientific word for a hypothesis.
B) A scientific theory is a new idea,yet to be tested.
C) Scientific theories are truths that are too theoretical to be tested directly.
D) A theory is a scientific idea supported by an abundance of evidence.

Question 27

What system divides the Earth history into intervals?

A) geologic time scale
B) universal time scale
C) geochronological index
D) isotopic measurement scale

Question 28

The geosphere encompasses the solid Earth.Explain how the Earth System consists of more than just the geosphere.

Question 29

Which of the following is MOST true of a scientific law?

A) A scientific law is a possible explanation that can explain a set of data.
B) A scientific law describes a specific relationship or phenomenon.
C) A law is a scientific idea supported by an abundance of evidence.
D) A scientific law explains why a natural phenomenon occurs.

Question 30

Which of the following is MOST true of hypotheses in science?

A) A hypothesis is a possible natural explanation that can explain a set of data.
B) A hypothesis must be delineated before the start of any scientific endeavor.
C) A hypothesis is a scientific idea supported by an abundance of evidence.
D) It is important that hypotheses are proved correct.