Deck 29: Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Question 1

If erosion is occurring in an area of weak rock,what would you expect the landscape to look like?

A) gentle hills
B) steep cliffs
C) uplifted terraces
D) vertical canyons

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which progression best describes how water goes from the ocean to a river?

A) evaporation -> precipitation -> infiltration into the ground
B) evaporation -> precipitation -> runoff
C) evaporation -> precipitation -> evapotranspiration
D) evapotranspiration -> runoff -> precipitation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the relief of the land surface in the topographic map below?

A) 50 m
B) 100 m
C) 300 m
D) 400m

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Landforms built by an accumulation of sediment are called ________ landforms.

A) erosional
B) depositional
C) mechanical
D) glacial

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of a landform?

A) mesa
B) valley
C) stream
D) dune

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct result of the Earth's internal energy?

A) uplift
B) deposition
C) erosion
D) gravity

Question 7

Climate affects landscape development by controlling

A) the composition of the substrate.
B) the amount of water available on the Earth.
C) the resistance of the sediments deposited.
D) the rate of erosion.

Question 8

What circumstance is likely to produce depositional landforms?

A) flash flooding of a river in the desert
B) a river flowing out of a lake
C) a river entering a large body of water
D) ocean waves crashing on the beach

Question 9

The difference in elevation in an area is called

A) erosion.
B) deposition.
C) relief.
D) landform.

Question 10

What is the ultimate control of the development of the landscape,the large road cut,in the following picture?

A) climate
B) human activity
C) time
D) relief

Question 11

Why do some life activities strengthen the substrate while others weaken it?

A) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around,while plants digest and weaken soil.
B) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around,while plant roots wedge soil apart.
C) Plant roots help anchor soil,while burrowing into or mining out soil weakens it.
D) Some organisms secrete a binding agent in the soil,while plants digest and weaken soil.

Question 12

What would an area experiencing erosion look like compared to one experiencing deposition?

A) deep valleys or canyons versus large flat,open areas
B) large sand dunes versus large open bodies of water
C) rolling hills versus steep peaks
D) large,dry flatlands versus deep river channels

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the hydrologic cycle?

A) the movement of water through the ground to form aquifers
B) the cycle that water passes through when going from solid to liquid to gas
C) the circular motion due to density differences created when water boils
D) the movement of the Earth's water through a series of reservoirs

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT affect landscape development?

A) distance from mountains
B) climate in the area
C) amount of time
D) amount of erosion

Question 15

What type of landforms might you expect to find if the climate in an area is very warm and wet?

A) valleys
B) glacial hills
C) mesas
D) sand dunes

Question 16

How does water get from the atmosphere into the groundwater system?

A) Precipitation falls into rivers and then flows downriver into the groundwater system.
B) Precipitation falls on the ground and infiltrates the ground surface to the groundwater system.
C) Water from the ocean is sucked up into the groundwater system due to a pressure difference.
D) Plants secrete water into the groundwater system in a process called evapotranspiration.

Question 17

If an area experiences uplift it will form a ________; if it experiences subsidence it will form a ________.

A) depression; mountain
B) mountain; depression
C) valley; mesa
D) basin; mountain

Question 18

What process created the terrace that forms the cliff in the picture below?

A) subsidence
B) deposition
C) uplift
D) relief

Question 19

The Sierra Nevada Mountains in California are composed almost entirely of granite; what do you expect the landscape to look like?

A) steep peaks and cliffs
B) gentle hills and valleys
C) large expanses of flatlands
D) open floodplains

Question 20

Examine the photos below.The first is of a mountainous region in Alaska and the second is of a plain in Ontario.Which of the following statements is true regarding these photos?

A) Both locations have low relief.
B) Both locations have high relief.
C) The mountainous region in Alaska has low relief.
D) The plains of Ontario have low relief.

Question 21

Why do scientists believe there was once liquid water on Mars?

A) Depositional landforms are seen on Mars,but not erosional landforms.
B) Landforms such as river channels and sandbars are seen on Mars.
C) Large depressions are seen on Mars that were once large lakes.
D) Evidence of marine life has been found in the rocks on Mars.

Question 22

Water can remain in the ground as groundwater for up to 10,000 years.This is called the

A) aquifer storage.
B) groundwater flow rate.
C) residence time.
D) transfer time.

Question 23

Starting with a drop of water in the ocean,describe a full cycle of movement of the water drop through the hydrologic cycle (the water must end up back in the ocean).Through what reservoirs does that water move? What physical forms does the water take (e.g.,liquid,solid,gas)?

Question 24

Provide three examples of agents of erosion.Would the landforms created by each of these agents be similar or different? Explain.

Question 25

What is a landform and how is it linked to the landscape?

Question 26

Which of the following best explains why the Moon's surface has remained largely unchanged for billions of years?

A) The rocks of the Moon's surface are stronger than those on the Earth,making them resistant to weathering and erosion.
B) The Moon does not have a hydrologic cycle,and thus erosion does not take place.
C) The absence of life on the Moon has left its surface untouched since formation.
D) Erosion on the Moon is dominated by wind,which operates at much slower speeds than water erosion.

Question 27

Study the image below of a landform on Mars.Is this most likely an erosional or depositional feature? What might have caused it? What does this indicate about the presence of water on Mars?

Question 28

Why is understanding the hydrologic cycle important to understanding how landscapes form?

A) because water has the ability to seep underground and affect the layers of rock
B) because the oceans cover a vast majority of our planet and are a main erosional agent
C) because the rate at which groundwater moves through the subsurface determines erosion rates
D) because water is the main erosional and depositional agent on the Earth

Question 29

Below is an oblique view showing landforms on Mars.What process is most likely responsible for creating this landscape?

A) glacial carving
B) deposition
C) flowing water
D) burrowing

Question 30

Contrast the types of energy that control uplift and erosion.