Deck 16: Urinary System

Question 1

The functional unit of the kidney is the

A)nephron.
B)glomerulus.
C)renal tubule.
D)renal corpuscle.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the __________, nutrients are actively reabsorbed.

A)proximal convoluted tubules
B)nephron loops
C)distal convoluted tubules
D)collecting ducts

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Water can be reabsorbed at all regions of the nephron except the

A)proximal convoluted tubule.
B)descending limb nephron loop.
C)ascending limb of nephron loop.
D)distal convoluted tubule.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Na⁺ is always reabsorbed in the ___________ but is only reabsorbed in the ___________ under hormonal influence.

A)descending limb of nephron loop; ascending limb of nephron loop
B)ascending limb of nephron loop; proximal convoluted tubule
C)ascending limb of nephron loop; distal convoluted tubule
D)descending limb of nephron loop; distal convoluted tubule

Question 5

During reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, most of the amino acids, glucose, Na⁺ ions, K⁺ ions, and Ca²⁺ ions are removed from the tubular fluid by ________ mechanisms.

A)active transport
B)counter transport
C)osmotic
D)passive transport

Question 6

Which of the following is the most abundant positively charged ions in extracellular fluids?

A)H⁺
B)K⁺
C)Na⁺
D)Ca²⁺

Question 7

Under normal conditions, which of the following substances would not appear in the glomerular filtrate?

A)creatinine
B)uric acid
C)protein
D)glucose

Question 8

Approximately 65% of tubular reabsorption occurs in the

A)descending limb of the nephron loop.
B)distal convoluted tubule.
C)ascending limb of the nephron loop.
D)proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 9

Renal tubule consists of the ___________.

A)the glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, the distal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, and the collecting duct
B)proximal convoluted tubule, the distal convoluted tubule, and the nephron loop
C)proximal convoluted tubule, the distal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, and the collecting duct
D)proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

Compared to plasma, glomerular filtrate should have

A)the same concentration of wastes.
B)a lower concentration of wastes.
C)a higher concentration of wastes.
D)no wastes at all.

Question 11

A _________ carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder.

A)urethra
B)calyx
C)renal papilla
D)ureter

Question 12

Which of the following would be abnormal to see in urine?

A)urochrome
B)glucose
C)potassium
D)sodium

Question 13

The primary function of the urinary system is to

A)maintain the balance of plasma and blood cells in blood.
B)remove all metabolic wastes from body fluids.
C)maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits.
D)reduce the volume of body fluids.

Question 14

With a normal glomerular filtration rate, the entire volume of blood in the body will be filtered approximately every ______ minutes.

A)60
B)40
C)25
D)90

Question 15

As it leaves the glomerulus, blood in the efferent glomerular arteriole will next enter

A)peritubular capillaries.
B)segmental veins.
C)interlobar veins.
D)renal vein.

Question 16

The superficial layer of a kidney is the ________, and it contains the ________.

A)renal cortex; renal pyramids
B)renal medulla; renal corpuscles
C)renal cortex; renal corpuscles
D)renal medulla; renal tubules

Question 17

During reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, most of the Cl^- and HCO₃^- ions are moved by ________ mechanisms.

A)osmotic
B)active transport
C)counter transport
D)passive transport

Question 18

The nephrons that play an importaqnt role in maintaining water content of the blood are called ___________ nephrons.

A)cortical
B)juxtaglomerular
C)juxtamedullary
D)medullary

Question 19

The deep layer of a kidney is the ________, and it contains the ________.

A)renal cortex; renal pyramids
B)renal cortex; renal corpuscles
C)renal medulla; renal pyramids
D)renal medulla; renal corpuscles

Question 20

A nephron consists of the ___________.

A)glomerulus and the renal tubule
B)glomerulus, the renal tubule, and the collecting duct
C)renal corpuscle, the renal tubule, and the collecting duct
D)renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

Question 21

The glomerular filtrate contains the same substances as blood plasma except it lacks

A)bicarbonate ions.
B)proteins.
C)urea.
D)glucose.

Question 22

_________ is a waste product of nucleic acids.

A)Ammonia
B)Urea
C)Creatinine
D)Uric acid

Question 23

Angiotensin II raises systemic blood pressure by triggering mechanisms that

A)reduce glomerular filtration rate.
B)constrict systemic arterioles and increase water retention.
C)constrict systemic arterioles and increase water excretion.
D)dilate systemic arterioles and increase glomerular filtration rate.

Question 24

Tubular secretion of H⁺ for regulating blood pH takes place in the

A)proximal convoluted tubules.
B)nephron loops.
C)proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D)distal convoluted tubules.

Question 25

Urine formation begins when _________ moves some of the water and solutes in blood from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.

A)osmosis
B)diffusion
C)filtration
D)active transport

Question 26

Which of the following is the function of the collecting ducts?

A)secretion of wastes
B)reabsorption of nutrients
C)reabsorption of water under the influence of ADH
D)secretion of K⁺ under the influence of aldosterone

Question 27

The nephron loops and the collecting ducts are surrounded by the

A)vasa recta.
B)efferent glomerular arterioles.
C)peritubular capillaries.
D)segmental arteries.

Question 28

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na⁺ and secretion of K⁺ in the

A)distal convoluted tubules.
B)proximal convoluted tubules.
C)proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D)nephron loops.

Question 29

In the process of tubular secretion, ___________ are moved from the ____________ to the ____________.

A)unwanted substances; tubular fluid; blood
B)nutrients; blood; tubular fluid
C)unwanted substances; blood; tubular fluid
D)nutrients; tubular fluid; blood

Question 30

The proximal convoluted tubules and the distal convoluted tubules are surrounded by the

A)efferent glomerular arterioles.
B)vasa recta.
C)peritubular capillaries.
D)segmental arteries.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A)It is involved in regulating blood concentration of Ca²⁺.
B)It is involved in the production of red blood cells.
C)It is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.
D)It is involved in the production of white blood cells.

Question 32

The most abundant nitrogenous waste in urine is

A)creatinine.
B)urea.
C)uric acid.
D)ammonia.

Question 33

When the _________ detects a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate it secretes ________ to start the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

A)lungs; angiotensinogen
B)pituitary gland; ADH
C)juxtaglomerular complex; renin
D)juxtaglomerular complex; angiotensin converting enzyme

Question 34

In the process of tubular reabsorption, ___________ are moved from the ____________ to the ____________.

A)nutrients; blood; tubular fluid
B)unwanted substances; tubular fluid; blood
C)nutrients; tubular fluid; blood
D)unwanted substances; blood; tubular fluid

Question 35

ADH stimulates the water reabsorption in the

A)distal convoluted tubules.
B)nephron loops.
C)proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D)proximal convoluted tubules.

Question 36

_________ is a waste product of muscle metabolism.

A)Ammonia
B)Creatinine
C)Urea
D)Uric acid

Question 37

The pathway of urine is

A)nephrons $\rightarrow$ collecting ducts $\rightarrow$ renal pelvis $\rightarrow$ major calyces $\rightarrow$ minor calyces $\rightarrow$ ureter
B)nephrons $\rightarrow$ renal pelvis $\rightarrow$ collecting ducts $\rightarrow$ major calyces $\rightarrow$ minor calyces $\rightarrow$ ureter
C)nephrons $\rightarrow$ collecting ducts $\rightarrow$ minor calyces $\rightarrow$ major calyces $\rightarrow$ renal pelvis $\rightarrow$ ureter
D)nephrons $\rightarrow$ collecting ducts $\rightarrow$ major calyces $\rightarrow$ minor calyces $\rightarrow$ renal pelvis $\rightarrow$ ureter

Question 38

The removal of amine groups from amino acids results in the formation of

A)uric acid.
B)ammonia.
C)creatinine.
D)urea.

Question 39

Gout is caused by an abnormally elevated concentration of ________ in the blood.

A)uric acid
B)urea
C)ammonia
D)creatinine

Question 40

The ________ is a capillary tuft that lies between an afferent arteriole and an efferent arteriole.

A)renal corpuscle
B)juxtaglomerular complex
C)peritubular capillary
D)glomerulus

Question 41

The detrusor is the ___________ the urinary bladder.

A)smooth muscle of
B)external layer of
C)mucosa of
D)opening at the junction between the ureter and

Question 42

Nerve impulses from sympathetic neurons __________ glomerular filtration rate by causing __________.

A)increase; dilation of efferent glomerular arterioles
B)decrease; constriction of efferent glomerular arterioles
C)decrease; constriction of afferent glomerular arterioles
D)increase; dilation of afferent glomerular arterioles

Question 43

Proteins are able to act as buffers because their -COOH groups can _____________, and their -NH₂ groups can ______________.

A)bind or release H⁺ when pH is decreased or elevated; bind or release H⁺ when pH is decreased or elevated
B)release H⁺ when pH is elevated; bind H⁺ when pH is decreased
C)bind H⁺ when pH is decreased; release H⁺ when pH is elevated
D)release H⁺ when pH is decreased; bind H⁺ when pH is elevated

Question 44

The color of urine is due to the presence of

A)creatinine.
B)urochrome.
C)uric acid.
D)urea.

Question 45

Atrial natriuretic peptide ___________ in kidneys.

A)stimulates the reabsoprtion of K⁺
B)stimulates the reabsoprtion of Na⁺ and the secretion of K⁺
C)inhibits the reabsoprtion of Na⁺
D)stimulates the reabsoprtion of K⁺ and the secretion of Na⁺

Question 46

The external urethral sphincter is the ____________ located at the _____________.

A)smooth muscle; proximal to bladder
B)smooth muscle; junction of the urinary bladder and the urethra
C)skeletal muscle; distal to the internal urethral sphincter
D)skeletal muscle; junction of the urinary bladder and the urethra

Question 47

Renin converts

A)angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
B)angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
C)angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.
D)angiotensin II to angiotensinogen.

Question 48

An increase in the rate and depth of breathing causes a(n) _________ in blood CO₂ concentration and a(n) _________ in blood pH.

A)increase; increase
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; decrease
D)decrease; decrease

Question 49

__________ decreases the glomerular filtration rate.

A)The sympathetic nervous system
B)Antidiuretic hormone
C)Aldosterone
D)Angiotensin II

Question 50

__________ stimulates thirst.

A)Aldosterone
B)Atrial natriuretic peptide
C)Angiotensin II
D)Antidiuretic hormone

Question 51

When the voluntarily controlled __________ urethral sphincter is __________, micturition occurs.

A)external; not relaxed
B)internal; not relaxed
C)internal; relaxed
D)external; relaxed

Question 52

The thirsty center can be activated by

A)ADH.
B)aldosterone.
C)ANP.
D)angiotensin II.

Question 53

Angiotensin-converting enzyme converts

A)angiotensin II to angiotensinogen.
B)angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
C)angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.
D)angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Question 54

The concentration of water in the blood is regulated by controlling the amount of water lost in

A)urine and feces.
B)urine only.
C)urine, sweat, and feces.
D)urine and sweat.

Question 55

The intake of water is largely regulated by the thirst center located in the

A)hypothalamus.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)pons.
D)midbrain.

Question 56

__________ increases the glomerular filtration rate.

A)Angiotensin II
B)Antidiuretic hormone
C)Atrial natriuretic peptide
D)Aldosterone

Question 57

The normal pH of urine

A)is always alkaline.
B)is always acidic.
C)ranges from acidic to alkaline.
D)is always neutral.

Question 58

The internal urethral sphincter is the ____________ located at the _____________.

A)smooth muscle; junction of the urinary bladder and the urethra
B)skeletal muscle; distal end of the urethra
C)smooth muscle; distal end of the urethra
D)skeletal muscle; junction of the urinary bladder and the urethra

Question 59

When the urinary bladder is filled with 200-400 ml of urine, micturition reflex sends _________ nerve impulses to cause the _______ urethral sphincter to open (relax).

A)sympathetic; internal
B)sympathetic; external
C)parasympathetic; internal
D)parasympathetic; external

Question 60

___________ is a bacterial infection of renal pelvis.

A)Diuresis
B)Pyelitis
C)Urethritis
D)Cystitis

Question 61

Renal calculi are composed of all of the following except

A)calcium salts.
B)urea.
C)magnesium salts.
D)uric acid.